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These days we all face with drinking water and not menace to human’s health water’s problem. There are the greater part of fresh water polluted in many countries of European Union (EU). Water is intensive use in energetic, in chemistry industry, in agriculture, and that’s why the flowing water of industrial establishment and agriculture mostly pollutes the rivers, lakes and the seas route of entry, unraveling natural biological cycle, natural environment of organisms, and they menace to human’s health and life. That’s why relevant and effective security of water resources protection is very important. Water protection policy has direct impact on human’s health and the quality of their life’s, thus, this sector falls among the priority fields in environmental protection policy. These days the main consideration is directed to the waist water’s treatment and to secure the quality of drinking water at the moment in Lithuania. The Republic of Lithuania has been participating in the EU waters protection policy. This is related to the important changes in water’s sector legal base, possibilities for funding the projects related to water����s pollution reduction, institutional structure and other aspects. In this master’s work the main attention was directed to the sponsorship analysis of the water sector because if it’s wanted to secure an effective waters’ resources, it’s needed sufficient sponsorship. While implementing one of the EU requests, its need to increase investments to... [to full text]

Essa Tese apresenta um framework para implementação de redesenho urbanístico de assentamentos informais no contexto da corrente atual do planejamento urbano integrado aos dos recursos hídricos, focado na conservação da água e na sustentabilidade ambiental. Entre outros, sugere-se a implantação do desenho urbanístico de forma participativa e colaborativa. Apresenta-se, de forma ilustrativa proposta de redesenho para a comunidade da Vila Cascatinha localizada na Baixada de Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro, região de expansão da cidade, que serviu como objeto de estudo. A área do assentamento é de indefinição fundiária e atualmente é ocupada por aproximadamente 900 famílias. O framework baseia-se na corrente do urbanismo de baixo impacto, sobretudo do Low Impact Urban Design and Devolopment (LIUDD). Os dispositivos são implantados na escala local, de forma descentralizada para a conservação e manejo das águas pluviais no meio urbano. A pesquisa está inserida no Projeto HIDROCIDADES, desenvolvido dentro dos princícpios da metodologia de pesquisa-ação proposta por Thiollent. Foi realizado trabalho de campo e entrevistas guiadas, tendo sido identificado um percentual expressivo de moradores descendentes de antigos pequenos produtores agrícolas. Na pesquisa, moradores elencaram os principais problemas do assentamento. Além disso, foram diagnosticadas potencialidades dos moradores, dentro do conceito de Tecnologia Social. A prospecção entre os moradores também procurou verificar, em um contexto de colaboração, o conhecimento e a aderência dos moradores às estruturas urbanísticas praticadas no contexto da corrente Desenho Urbano de Baixo Impacto. Ao final deste processo foi gerada proposta de reurbanização sustentável do assentamento estudado, bem como proposta de moradias coletivas sustentáveis. Guardando as devidas especificidades, espera-se que a proposta apresentada possa ser aplicada a outros assentamentos de paisagem similar. / This thesis, associated to HIDROCIDADES Project, is also part of the FINEP Maplu-2 network research. It presents a framework for the implementation of the urban redesign of informal settlements, in accordance with present day urban planning tendency that integrates water resources into urban planning, focusing on water conservation, environmental sustainability and environmental education. This framework is based on the principles of Low Impact Urban Design and Devolopment (LIUDD New Zealand), Low Impact Design (LID EUA), Water Sustainable Urban Design (WSUD- Australia) and Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS UK). The LIUDD puts forward the application of local and decentralized devices for urban drainage and superficial outflow, such as harvesting and profiting from rainwater, green roofs, park implantations and rainwater beds infiltration, adoption of permeable areas in the public sidewalks and roads, among others. The Community of Vila Cascatinha, situated in the lowland grounds of Jacarepaguá, in Rio de Janeiro, was adopted as a case study. In 2006 the Community had 900 inhabitants, who through field work and guided interviews were identified as descendants of small agricultural producers. Nowadays, the area, which is part of the expansion of the city, will be developed to locate important sports infrastructure for the 2016 Olympic Games, (therefore the relevance of this urban redesign proposal). During the interviews several problems were mentioned by the locals and among the most serious ones were the presence of rats and the occurrence of recurring floods. It was also possible to identify how familiar and sensitive the dwellers were to the some of the practices presented in the LIUDD context. The ultimate aim of the interviews was to elaborate an action plan, as described by Thiollent, for the sustainable urban redesign of the settlement under study, as well as a proposal for sustainable community dwellings, so as to minimize the effects of floods derived from the excessive waterproofed soil. Despite the specificities of the proposal, it is believed that it can be applied to other settlements in similar conditions.

Essa Tese apresenta um framework para implementação de redesenho urbanístico de assentamentos informais no contexto da corrente atual do planejamento urbano integrado aos dos recursos hídricos, focado na conservação da água e na sustentabilidade ambiental. Entre outros, sugere-se a implantação do desenho urbanístico de forma participativa e colaborativa. Apresenta-se, de forma ilustrativa proposta de redesenho para a comunidade da Vila Cascatinha localizada na Baixada de Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro, região de expansão da cidade, que serviu como objeto de estudo. A área do assentamento é de indefinição fundiária e atualmente é ocupada por aproximadamente 900 famílias. O framework baseia-se na corrente do urbanismo de baixo impacto, sobretudo do Low Impact Urban Design and Devolopment (LIUDD). Os dispositivos são implantados na escala local, de forma descentralizada para a conservação e manejo das águas pluviais no meio urbano. A pesquisa está inserida no Projeto HIDROCIDADES, desenvolvido dentro dos princícpios da metodologia de pesquisa-ação proposta por Thiollent. Foi realizado trabalho de campo e entrevistas guiadas, tendo sido identificado um percentual expressivo de moradores descendentes de antigos pequenos produtores agrícolas. Na pesquisa, moradores elencaram os principais problemas do assentamento. Além disso, foram diagnosticadas potencialidades dos moradores, dentro do conceito de Tecnologia Social. A prospecção entre os moradores também procurou verificar, em um contexto de colaboração, o conhecimento e a aderência dos moradores às estruturas urbanísticas praticadas no contexto da corrente Desenho Urbano de Baixo Impacto. Ao final deste processo foi gerada proposta de reurbanização sustentável do assentamento estudado, bem como proposta de moradias coletivas sustentáveis. Guardando as devidas especificidades, espera-se que a proposta apresentada possa ser aplicada a outros assentamentos de paisagem similar. / This thesis, associated to HIDROCIDADES Project, is also part of the FINEP Maplu-2 network research. It presents a framework for the implementation of the urban redesign of informal settlements, in accordance with present day urban planning tendency that integrates water resources into urban planning, focusing on water conservation, environmental sustainability and environmental education. This framework is based on the principles of Low Impact Urban Design and Devolopment (LIUDD New Zealand), Low Impact Design (LID EUA), Water Sustainable Urban Design (WSUD- Australia) and Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS UK). The LIUDD puts forward the application of local and decentralized devices for urban drainage and superficial outflow, such as harvesting and profiting from rainwater, green roofs, park implantations and rainwater beds infiltration, adoption of permeable areas in the public sidewalks and roads, among others. The Community of Vila Cascatinha, situated in the lowland grounds of Jacarepaguá, in Rio de Janeiro, was adopted as a case study. In 2006 the Community had 900 inhabitants, who through field work and guided interviews were identified as descendants of small agricultural producers. Nowadays, the area, which is part of the expansion of the city, will be developed to locate important sports infrastructure for the 2016 Olympic Games, (therefore the relevance of this urban redesign proposal). During the interviews several problems were mentioned by the locals and among the most serious ones were the presence of rats and the occurrence of recurring floods. It was also possible to identify how familiar and sensitive the dwellers were to the some of the practices presented in the LIUDD context. The ultimate aim of the interviews was to elaborate an action plan, as described by Thiollent, for the sustainable urban redesign of the settlement under study, as well as a proposal for sustainable community dwellings, so as to minimize the effects of floods derived from the excessive waterproofed soil. Despite the specificities of the proposal, it is believed that it can be applied to other settlements in similar conditions.

This diploma thesis is focused on the present situation analyse of the company IVANA ČECHOVÁ. The begining part contains the characteristic of the analysed company and the theoretically resources. The practicall part is focused on the company problems and present situation analyse, from which the most significant lacks of business developement are determined. The improvement proposal represents the entrepreneurial intension of the company IVANA ČECHOVÁ. The examination of the entrepreneurial intension aimed at European funds is in this thesis mentioned too.

Orientador: Leonor Maria Tanuri / Banca: José Marcelino de Rezendo Pinto / Banca: Cleiton de Oliveira / Banca: José Luiz Guimarães / Banca: Maria Sylvia Simões Bueno / Resumo: A municipalização do ensino fundamental, após a promulgação da Emenda Constitucional nº 14, de 12/09/1996, que criou o FUNDEF, vem evidenciando problemas que se refletem diretamente na qualidade do ensino público. O presente trabalho focaliza a aplicação de recursos da educação pelos Municípios do Estado de São Paulo - após a municipalização do ensino fundamental decorrente do FUNDEF - a partir da análise de registros do Tribunal de Contas do Estado (TCESP). Os dados coletados permitiram: a análise do Município como entidade federativa; a observação dos problemas decorrentes da Emenda Constitucional nº 14/96, que criou o FUNDEF; o exame comparativo dessa Emenda com a Emenda Constitucional nº 53, de 19/12/2006, que cria o FUNDEB; a análise dos problemas que afetam a aplicação de recursos da educação pelos Municípios, conforme a ótica do TCESP. Os resultados demonstram que, embora os Municípios tenham sido contemplados na Carta de 1988 com o status de entes federativos, a posição de dependência financeira que ocupam no Sistema Tributário Nacional e a ausência de um pacto federativo cooperativo atingem a autonomia municipal. Os dez anos de vigência do FUNDEF apontam os problemas enfrentados e o comprometimento do objetivo de assegurar educação básica de qualidade para todos. O FUNDEB representará alguns avanços em relação ao FUNDEF, mas limitações persistirão. Os registros efetuados pelo TCESP, a partir da criação do FUNDEF, demonstram que há desvios significativos dos recursos vinculados à manutenção e ao desenvolvimento do ensino por parte dos Municípios. O Fundo, criado em 1996, não foi capaz de acabar com os desperdícios dos recursos da educação. O cenário educacional evidencia a persistência dos velhos problemas: falta de recursos para a educação e, ao mesmo tempo, má aplicação dos recursos existentes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Municipalisation of fundamental education, after promulgation of the No 14, 12/09/1996 Constitutional Amendment that created the Fund for Maintenance and Development of Fundamental Education (FUNDEP), has had problems which affect directly the quality of public education. This work focus on use of education financial resources by Municipalities of the State of São Paulo, Brasil – after municipalisation of fundamental education owing to the FUNDEP creation – based on data analysis provided by the State of São Paulo Court of Accounts (TCESP). Collected data allowed us: to analyze Municipality as a federative entity; to go through the problems resulting from No 14/96 Constitutional Amendment ; to compare this amendment with the one No 53, 19/12/2006 that created the Fund for Maintenance and Development of Basic Education (FUNDEB); to analyze the problems which involve use of education resources by Municipalities, according to TCESP’s view. The results show that although Municipalities are considered as having the status of federative entities in the Constitution of 1988, their situation of finance dependence on the national tributary system, and the lack of a cooperative federative pact affect their autonomy. Ten years of FUNDEP having the force of law point out those problems, and that the goal of ensuring basic education of quality is at risk. FUNDEB will represent some improvement when compared to FUNDEP, but limitations will persist. TCESP data, from FUNDEP creation onwards, have made known important misappropriations, on the part of Municipalities, of resources previously destined to keeping and developing of education. FUNDEP, created in 1996, proved not being able to put a stop to education resources waist. Educational scene shows persistence of old problems: lack of resources for education and, at the same time, bad use of those existing ones ... (Complete abstract, access undermentioned electronic address) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-03-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:05:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 butarelo_fs_dr_mar.pdf: 1236343 bytes, checksum: 482198ad0687c4575d37ef48f1daa623 (MD5) / A municipalização do ensino fundamental, após a promulgação da Emenda Constitucional nº 14, de 12/09/1996, que criou o FUNDEF, vem evidenciando problemas que se refletem diretamente na qualidade do ensino público. O presente trabalho focaliza a aplicação de recursos da educação pelos Municípios do Estado de São Paulo - após a municipalização do ensino fundamental decorrente do FUNDEF - a partir da análise de registros do Tribunal de Contas do Estado (TCESP). Os dados coletados permitiram: a análise do Município como entidade federativa; a observação dos problemas decorrentes da Emenda Constitucional nº 14/96, que criou o FUNDEF; o exame comparativo dessa Emenda com a Emenda Constitucional nº 53, de 19/12/2006, que cria o FUNDEB; a análise dos problemas que afetam a aplicação de recursos da educação pelos Municípios, conforme a ótica do TCESP. Os resultados demonstram que, embora os Municípios tenham sido contemplados na Carta de 1988 com o status de entes federativos, a posição de dependência financeira que ocupam no Sistema Tributário Nacional e a ausência de um pacto federativo cooperativo atingem a autonomia municipal. Os dez anos de vigência do FUNDEF apontam os problemas enfrentados e o comprometimento do objetivo de assegurar educação básica de qualidade para todos. O FUNDEB representará alguns avanços em relação ao FUNDEF, mas limitações persistirão. Os registros efetuados pelo TCESP, a partir da criação do FUNDEF, demonstram que há desvios significativos dos recursos vinculados à manutenção e ao desenvolvimento do ensino por parte dos Municípios. O Fundo, criado em 1996, não foi capaz de acabar com os desperdícios dos recursos da educação. O cenário educacional evidencia a persistência dos velhos problemas: falta de recursos para a educação e, ao mesmo tempo, má aplicação dos recursos existentes... / Municipalisation of fundamental education, after promulgation of the No 14, 12/09/1996 Constitutional Amendment that created the Fund for Maintenance and Development of Fundamental Education (FUNDEP), has had problems which affect directly the quality of public education. This work focus on use of education financial resources by Municipalities of the State of São Paulo, Brasil after municipalisation of fundamental education owing to the FUNDEP creation based on data analysis provided by the State of São Paulo Court of Accounts (TCESP). Collected data allowed us: to analyze Municipality as a federative entity; to go through the problems resulting from No 14/96 Constitutional Amendment ; to compare this amendment with the one No 53, 19/12/2006 that created the Fund for Maintenance and Development of Basic Education (FUNDEB); to analyze the problems which involve use of education resources by Municipalities, according to TCESP s view. The results show that although Municipalities are considered as having the status of federative entities in the Constitution of 1988, their situation of finance dependence on the national tributary system, and the lack of a cooperative federative pact affect their autonomy. Ten years of FUNDEP having the force of law point out those problems, and that the goal of ensuring basic education of quality is at risk. FUNDEB will represent some improvement when compared to FUNDEP, but limitations will persist. TCESP data, from FUNDEP creation onwards, have made known important misappropriations, on the part of Municipalities, of resources previously destined to keeping and developing of education. FUNDEP, created in 1996, proved not being able to put a stop to education resources waist. Educational scene shows persistence of old problems: lack of resources for education and, at the same time, bad use of those existing ones ... (Complete abstract, access undermentioned electronic address)

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-08-16T12:27:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gilliard Pedro Marques - 2016.pdf: 7292314 bytes, checksum: 8dd9c621180554a91ab4360cf8abfd76 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-08-16T12:54:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gilliard Pedro Marques - 2016.pdf: 7292314 bytes, checksum: 8dd9c621180554a91ab4360cf8abfd76 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-16T12:54:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gilliard Pedro Marques - 2016.pdf: 7292314 bytes, checksum: 8dd9c621180554a91ab4360cf8abfd76 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-28 / The Samambaia Stream is located in the municipality of Catalão (GO). In addition to serving the riverbank population in their various activities, since 1974 it began to be used for water capturing and public supply to Catalão town. According to IBGE (2015), in 1970, Catalão population was no more than 30 thousand. However, currently it accounts with 98.737 thousand inhabitants. Faced with this population growth and among other demands for 40 years, a few has been invested and made properly for the environmental improvement of the Hydrographic Basin of Samambaia Stream. The environmental recovery program applied in 2004 denied the riverbank population participation and restricted the seedlings plantation in Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs), without any concern with its the maintenance. In September 2014, the Catalão town's High Public Power faced many difficulties in public water supply. This agency by means of the Municipal Water and Sewer Superintendence (MWSS) entered with a precautionary measure request to the Judiciary, which was granted to implement the sealing of irrigation pumps and the obstruction of all forms of water catchment from riverbank population. The achievement of this measure, among other actions, has unfolded in an expressive conflict between riverbank population and Catalão town’s High Public Power. Thus, this work had as main aim to understand the water resources’ management in Brazil, as well as to understand the conflicts for water and its appropriation and expropriation in the riverbank population's territory of the Hydrographic Basin of Samambaia Stream in Catalão (GO), in 2014. Concerning the methodology, it was prevailed by two research stages: the theoretical and documentary research. Among the literature, stands out the authors: Orlando (2005), Campos and Fracalanza (2010), Scantimburgo (2013) and others. In regard of the documents: The Lei Federal no. 9.433, which establishes the National Policy for Water Resources and the losses' collection of riverbank population's productions due to sealing of their water catchment pumps and dam breakage. Finally, it is considered that a public administration that ensures water quantity and quality to the present and future generations still poses as a great challenge in current Brazil. Besides, about the conflict for water in the Hydrographic Basin of Samambaia Stream, it is undeniable the inability of the Municipal Public Power of Catalão town in dialogue and recognize the importance of riverbank population in water management activities. / O Ribeirão Samambaia, o qual localiza-se no município de Catalão (GO), além de servir as populações ribeirinhas nas suas diversas atividades passou a ser utilizado para captação e abastecimento público da cidade de Catalão, desde 1974. Segundo o IBGE (2015), na década de 1970, a população do município de Catalão não passava de 30 mil. Porém, atualmente, conta com 98.737 mil habitantes. Perante este crescimento populacional e entre outras demandas ao longo de 40 anos, pouco se investiu e se fez adequadamente para a melhoria ambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão Samambaia. O programa de recuperação ambiental, aplicado em 2004, negou o direito da participação das populações ribeirinhas, e restringiu o isolamento e plantio de mudas nas áreas de preservação permanentes (APP’s), sem nenhuma preocupação com a manutenção. Em setembro de 2014, o Poder Público Municipal de Catalão enfrentou muitas dificuldades no abastecimento público de água. Ele, por meio da Superintendência Municipal de Água e Esgoto (SAE), entrou com um pedido de Medida Cautelar ao Judiciário, a qual foi concedida para implementar a lacração de bombas de irrigação e a obstrução de todas as formas de captação de água dos ribeirinhos. A consecução desta medida, entre outras ações, desdobrou em um expressivo conflito entre os ribeirinhos e Poder Público Municipal de Catalão. Assim, este trabalho teve como o objetivo geral compreender a gestão das águas no Brasil, bem como o conflito pela água e a sua apropriação e expropriação no território dos ribeirinhos, da Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão Samambaia, no município de Catalão (GO), em 2014. Em relação à metodologia, esta perpassou por duas etapas de investigação: a pesquisa teórica e a documental. Dentre a literatura, destaca-se os autores: Orlando (2005), Campos e Fracalanza (2010), Scantimburgo (2013), dentre outros. Em relação aos documentos: a Lei Federal n. 9.433, a qual institui a Política Nacional dos Recursos Hídricos, e o levantamento de perdas das produções dos ribeirinhos decorrentes dos lacres das bombas e arrombamento das represas. Por fim, considera-se que uma gestão que assegure água em quantidade e qualidade às gerações presentes e futuras, ainda se apresenta como um grande desafio no Brasil atual. Além disso, sobre o conflito pela água na Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão Samambaia, é inegável a incapacidade do Poder Público Municipal de Catalão em dialogar e reconhecer a importância dos ribeirinhos como sujeitos primordiais na gestão das águas.

Water distribution systems convey drinking water from treatment plant and make available to consumers’ taps. It consists of essential components like pipes, valves, pumps, tanks and reservoirs etc. The main concern in the working of a water distribution system is to assure customer demands under a choice of quantity and quality throughout the complete life span for the probable loading situations. However, in some cases, the existing infrastructure may not be adequate to meet the customer’s requirements. In such cases, system modeling plays an important role in proper management of water supply systems. In present scenario, modeling plays a significant task in appropriate execution of water distribution system. From the angle of taking management decisions valve throttling control and pumps speed control are very important. These operational problems can be addressed by manual control or by automatic control. The problem is the use of manual controls that slow down the effectiveness of the system. It reduces the efficiency of operation of valve or pump. To improve the efficiency of such water distribution systems, an automatic control based technology has been developed that links the operation of the variable speed pump control or valve throttling control. By employing an automatic control, the pump can adjust its speed at all times to meet the actual flow requirements of each load served. In case of real system design Simulink is the most widely used tool. Commercial software package Matlab/Simulink used for creation of WDS model. The goal was to produce a model that could numerically analyze the dynamic performance of a water distribution system. A Comparison of single platform methodology (Simulink based control) and double platform methodology (Matlab and EPANET based control) has been done. Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (DI) Control system model is developed for WDS model in Matlab/Simulink environment. Controller gain parameters are the very important value in control prospective. If the controller gain parameters are chosen incorrectly, the controlled process input can be unstable, i.e. its output diverges, with or without oscillation Tuning is the adjustment of control parameters (gains) to the optimum values for the desired control response. There are several methods for tuning controller like manual tuning (Trial and error procedure), Ziegler-Nichols method, Output Constraint Tuning (OCT) etc. Establishment of a pump operational policy by which all the reservoirs can be fed simultaneously to meet their requirements without creating undue transients. Tune the gain of DI controllers by different tuning methods and evaluate the best tuning method on the basis of controller performance. Development of meaningful additional objective is search of lower bound pump speed on the basis of control time or settling time. To bring the pump speeds in feasible range, application of constraint in pumps speed is introduced. The magnitude of constraints can be found using Monte Carlo methods. Monte Carlo methods are frequently used in simulating physical and mathematical systems. This method may be the most commonly applied statistical method in engineering and science disciplines. Another benefit is providing increased confidence that a model is robust using Monte Carlo testing. Model development for generalized control system for water distribution network provides the simplification needed for the simulation of large systems. Model development is based on the study of symmetric and non symmetric small, irregular networks, as well as large, regular and open bifurcating water distribution system. The problem considered in this section is that of flow dynamics in simple to complex, regular network which bifurcates in the form of a branching tree. In addition the control application of the flow network is investigated using valves as the manipulated variables to control branch flow rates. Communication between the network hydraulics coming from EPANET and control algorithm develop on Matlab (Programming Language) can be generalized with the help of development of general purpose control algorithm model.