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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:56:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zeferino_cp_me_botfmvz.pdf: 492052 bytes, checksum: 94134e5b4fef4cbd55bb772cd6d333d9 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos da interação grupo genético x estresse pelo calor sobre indicadores fisiológicos e desempenho de coelhos em crescimento. Foram utilizados 96 coelhos desmamados, metade do grupo genético Botucatu e metade mestiça, produtos do cruzamento entre machos da raça Nova Zelândia Branca e fêmeas Botucatu. Os animais foram distribuídos num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 (grupos genéticos e condições térmicas: termoneutra, estresse moderado e intenso) com medidas repetidas (semanas). A temperatura retal e da superfície da pele e a freqüência respiratória foram registradas entre 42 e 67 dias de idade enquanto o peso vivo e o consumo de ração foram registrados dos 35 até os 70 dias de idade. A temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar média foram 18,4°C e 63,9% (termoneutralidade), 24,4°C e 80,2% (estresse moderado) e 29,6°C e 75,9% (estresse intenso). Observou-se queda na temperatura retal com o tempo, cuja intensidade variou com a condição térmica, mas na última semana houve aumento acentuado sob estresse intenso. Verificou-se relação direta entre temperatura média da superfície da pele e temperatura ambiente, mas houve pequenas diferenças entre os grupos genéticos nas semanas. A temperatura das orelhas se elevou até a oitava semana; na nona semana sofreu redução nos dois grupos genéticos, mas esta foi mais pronunciada nos coelhos puros. A freqüência respiratória e a temperatura das orelhas se elevaram proporcionalmente ao nível de estresse pelo calor com o tempo, mas esta tendência não foi uniforme nas três condições térmicas. A freqüência respiratória aumentou com o tempo nos dois grupos genéticos, mas o aumento foi mais pronunciado nos coelhos puros. Em condições de estresse intenso, o peso vivo e o consumo de alimento dos coelhos puros superaram os dos mestiços... / The objective was to evaluate the effects of the interaction between genetic group (straightbred or crossbred) and heat stress (intense or moderate) on physiological indicators and performance of growing rabbits. Ninety-six weaned rabbits were used; half were from the Botucatu genetic group and half were crossbreds between New Zealand White males and Botucatu females. They were assigned to a completely randomized design in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (genetic groups and thermal conditions: thermoneutral, moderate and intense heat stress) with repeated measures (weeks). The rectal temperature, skin surface temperature and respiratory frequency were recorded from 42 to 67 days of age, whereas body weight and feed intake were recorded from 35 up to 70 days of age. Average ambient temperature and relative humidity were 18.4°C and 63.9% (thermoneutral), 24.4°C and 80.2% (moderate heat stress) and 29.6°C and 75.9% (intense heat stress). A decrease in rectal temperature over time was observed whose intensity was distinct according to the thermal condition but, in the last week, there was a sudden increase under intense heat stress. There was a direct relationship between average skin temperature and ambient temperature, but there were slight differences between the genetic groups over weeks. Ear temperature increased up to the eighth week; in the ninth week it decreased in both genetic groups, but the decrease was more pronounced in the straightbreds. Respiratory frequency and ear temperature increased with heat stress over time, but this trend was not uniform across all thermal conditions. Respiratory frequency also showed an elevation trend over weeks in both genetic groups, but it was more pronounced in the straightbreds. Under heat stress conditions, body weight and feed intake of the straightbreds were higher than those of the crossbreds, but under moderate heat stress... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

This thesis investigates the development and use of software to measure respiratory frequency on cows using optronics and computer vision. It examines mainly two different strategies of image and signal processing and their performances for different input qualities. The effect of heat stress on dairy cows and the high transmission risk of pneumonia for calves make the investigation done during this thesis highly relevant since they both have the same symptom; increased respiratory frequency. The data set used in this thesis was of recorded dairy cows in different environments and from varying angles. Recordings, where the authors could determine a true breathing frequency by monitoring body movements, were accepted to the data set and used to test and develop the algorithms. One method developed in this thesis estimated the breathing rate in the frequency domain by Fast Fourier Transform and was named "N-point Fast Fourier Transform." The other method was called "Breathing Movement Zero-Crossing Counting." It estimated a signal in the time domain, whose fundamental frequency was determined by a zero-crossing algorithm as the breathing frequency. The result showed that both the developed algorithm successfully estimated a breathing frequency with a reasonable error margin for most of the data set. The zero-crossing algorithm showed the most consistent result with an error margin lower than 0.92 breaths per minute (BPM) for twelve of thirteen recordings. However, it is limited to recordings where the camera is placed above the cow. The N-point FFT algorithm estimated the breathing frequency with error margins between 0.44 and 5.20 BPM for the same recordings as the zero-crossing algorithm. This method is not limited to a specific camera angle but requires the cow to be relatively stationary to get accurate results. Therefore, it could be evaluated with the remaining three recordings of the data set. The error margins for these recordings were measured between 1.92 and 10.88 BPM. Both methods had execution time acceptable for implementation in real-time. It was, however, too incomplete a data set to determine any performance with recordings from different optronic devices.

A fita nasal é amplamente utilizada em equinos durante o exercício, porém seus resultados são controversos e pouco conhecidos em animais que disputam provas de resistência. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram verificar se o uso da fita nasal influencia parâmetros durante o exercício predominantemente aeróbico, como frequência respiratória, volume tidal, volume minuto, tempos de inspiração e expiração, população de células por meio de lavado broncoalveolar, frequência cardíaca e lactato sanguíneo. Foram utilizados seis equinos da raça Árabe que realizaram dois testes de longa duração em esteira, sendo um teste com fita e outro sem a fita nasal. Durante os testes eram realizadas coletas de sangue, espirometria com obtenção de curvas de fluxo e volume respiratório, e registro da frequência cardíaca por meio de frequencímetro. Duas horas após o término do exercício foi realizado lavado broncoalveolar para realização de citologia da secreção pulmonar. Não houveram diferenças entre os parâmetros ventilatórios analisados entre os animais quando correram com ou sem a fita nasal. Entretanto, a frequência cardíaca foi em média menor durante o exercício nos animais que se exercitaram com a fita nasal (p<0,05), podendo indicar uma melhor oferta de oxigênio durante o exercício de longa duração com o uso da fita nasal, apesar de não encontrarmos alterações nos parâmetros de fluxo e volume respiratório. Na avaliação citológica do conteúdo do lavado broncoalveolar, foi verificada maior porcentagem de neutrófilos após o exercício nos animais que se exercitaram com a fita nasal (p<0,05), indicando que o turbilhonamento na passagem do ar através da cavidade nasal pode ter diminuído permitindo que partículas maiores se depositassem em porções mais distais do sistema respiratório, induzindo uma resposta neutrofílica mais intensa. O uso da fita nasal parece influenciar alguns parâmetros durante e após o exercício em animais que realizam provas de longa duração. Outros estudos devem ser realizados para verificar se essa influência pode melhorar o desempenho desses animais em exercícios predominantemente aeróbicos / The nasal strip is widely used in horses during exercise, but the results are controversial and little known in animals that compete for endurance events. The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of nasal strips influence parameters during predominantly aerobic exercise, such as respiratory frequency, tidal volume, minute ventilation, inspiratory and expiratory times, population of cells by bronchoalveolar lavage, heart rate and blood lactate. Six Arabian horses were submitted to two low intensity tests on a treadmill, one of them with nasal strip and one without nasal strip. During the tests were carried out blood samples, airflow and volume curves with spirometry mask, and heart rate was recorded through heart rate monitor. Two hours after the exercise was performed bronchoalveolar lavage to perform cytology of pulmonary secretions. There were no differences among ventilatory parameters analyzed when the horses performed the exercise with or without the nasal strip. However, heart rate was lower on average during the exercise when the horses were exercised with nasal strip (p <0.05), which may indicate a better supply of oxygen during the low intensity exercise with the use of nasal strip, despite we did not find changes in the airflow and respiratory volume parameters. In cytological evaluation of the content of bronchoalveolar lavage, increased percentage of neutrophils was observed after exercise in animals with nasal strip (p <0.05), indicating that turbulence in the airflow through the nasal cavity may have diminished allowing larger particles to be deposited in distal portions of the respiratory system, inducing a more intense neutrophilic response. The use of nasal strips appears to influence some parameters during and after exercise in horses that perform low intensity and endurance tests. Further studies should be conducted to verify that this influence can improve the performance of these horses in predominantly aerobic exercises

Orientador: Ana Silvia Alves Meira Tavares Moura / Banca: José Roberto Sartori / Banca: Cláudio Scapinello / Resumo: O objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos da interação grupo genético x estresse pelo calor sobre indicadores fisiológicos e desempenho de coelhos em crescimento. Foram utilizados 96 coelhos desmamados, metade do grupo genético Botucatu e metade mestiça, produtos do cruzamento entre machos da raça Nova Zelândia Branca e fêmeas Botucatu. Os animais foram distribuídos num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 (grupos genéticos e condições térmicas: termoneutra, estresse moderado e intenso) com medidas repetidas (semanas). A temperatura retal e da superfície da pele e a freqüência respiratória foram registradas entre 42 e 67 dias de idade enquanto o peso vivo e o consumo de ração foram registrados dos 35 até os 70 dias de idade. A temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar média foram 18,4°C e 63,9% (termoneutralidade), 24,4°C e 80,2% (estresse moderado) e 29,6°C e 75,9% (estresse intenso). Observou-se queda na temperatura retal com o tempo, cuja intensidade variou com a condição térmica, mas na última semana houve aumento acentuado sob estresse intenso. Verificou-se relação direta entre temperatura média da superfície da pele e temperatura ambiente, mas houve pequenas diferenças entre os grupos genéticos nas semanas. A temperatura das orelhas se elevou até a oitava semana; na nona semana sofreu redução nos dois grupos genéticos, mas esta foi mais pronunciada nos coelhos puros. A freqüência respiratória e a temperatura das orelhas se elevaram proporcionalmente ao nível de estresse pelo calor com o tempo, mas esta tendência não foi uniforme nas três condições térmicas. A freqüência respiratória aumentou com o tempo nos dois grupos genéticos, mas o aumento foi mais pronunciado nos coelhos puros. Em condições de estresse intenso, o peso vivo e o consumo de alimento dos coelhos puros superaram os dos mestiços... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract : The objective was to evaluate the effects of the interaction between genetic group (straightbred or crossbred) and heat stress (intense or moderate) on physiological indicators and performance of growing rabbits. Ninety-six weaned rabbits were used; half were from the Botucatu genetic group and half were crossbreds between New Zealand White males and Botucatu females. They were assigned to a completely randomized design in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (genetic groups and thermal conditions: thermoneutral, moderate and intense heat stress) with repeated measures (weeks). The rectal temperature, skin surface temperature and respiratory frequency were recorded from 42 to 67 days of age, whereas body weight and feed intake were recorded from 35 up to 70 days of age. Average ambient temperature and relative humidity were 18.4°C and 63.9% (thermoneutral), 24.4°C and 80.2% (moderate heat stress) and 29.6°C and 75.9% (intense heat stress). A decrease in rectal temperature over time was observed whose intensity was distinct according to the thermal condition but, in the last week, there was a sudden increase under intense heat stress. There was a direct relationship between average skin temperature and ambient temperature, but there were slight differences between the genetic groups over weeks. Ear temperature increased up to the eighth week; in the ninth week it decreased in both genetic groups, but the decrease was more pronounced in the straightbreds. Respiratory frequency and ear temperature increased with heat stress over time, but this trend was not uniform across all thermal conditions. Respiratory frequency also showed an elevation trend over weeks in both genetic groups, but it was more pronounced in the straightbreds. Under heat stress conditions, body weight and feed intake of the straightbreds were higher than those of the crossbreds, but under moderate heat stress... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

A fita nasal é amplamente utilizada em equinos durante o exercício, porém seus resultados são controversos e pouco conhecidos em animais que disputam provas de resistência. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram verificar se o uso da fita nasal influencia parâmetros durante o exercício predominantemente aeróbico, como frequência respiratória, volume tidal, volume minuto, tempos de inspiração e expiração, população de células por meio de lavado broncoalveolar, frequência cardíaca e lactato sanguíneo. Foram utilizados seis equinos da raça Árabe que realizaram dois testes de longa duração em esteira, sendo um teste com fita e outro sem a fita nasal. Durante os testes eram realizadas coletas de sangue, espirometria com obtenção de curvas de fluxo e volume respiratório, e registro da frequência cardíaca por meio de frequencímetro. Duas horas após o término do exercício foi realizado lavado broncoalveolar para realização de citologia da secreção pulmonar. Não houveram diferenças entre os parâmetros ventilatórios analisados entre os animais quando correram com ou sem a fita nasal. Entretanto, a frequência cardíaca foi em média menor durante o exercício nos animais que se exercitaram com a fita nasal (p<0,05), podendo indicar uma melhor oferta de oxigênio durante o exercício de longa duração com o uso da fita nasal, apesar de não encontrarmos alterações nos parâmetros de fluxo e volume respiratório. Na avaliação citológica do conteúdo do lavado broncoalveolar, foi verificada maior porcentagem de neutrófilos após o exercício nos animais que se exercitaram com a fita nasal (p<0,05), indicando que o turbilhonamento na passagem do ar através da cavidade nasal pode ter diminuído permitindo que partículas maiores se depositassem em porções mais distais do sistema respiratório, induzindo uma resposta neutrofílica mais intensa. O uso da fita nasal parece influenciar alguns parâmetros durante e após o exercício em animais que realizam provas de longa duração. Outros estudos devem ser realizados para verificar se essa influência pode melhorar o desempenho desses animais em exercícios predominantemente aeróbicos / The nasal strip is widely used in horses during exercise, but the results are controversial and little known in animals that compete for endurance events. The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of nasal strips influence parameters during predominantly aerobic exercise, such as respiratory frequency, tidal volume, minute ventilation, inspiratory and expiratory times, population of cells by bronchoalveolar lavage, heart rate and blood lactate. Six Arabian horses were submitted to two low intensity tests on a treadmill, one of them with nasal strip and one without nasal strip. During the tests were carried out blood samples, airflow and volume curves with spirometry mask, and heart rate was recorded through heart rate monitor. Two hours after the exercise was performed bronchoalveolar lavage to perform cytology of pulmonary secretions. There were no differences among ventilatory parameters analyzed when the horses performed the exercise with or without the nasal strip. However, heart rate was lower on average during the exercise when the horses were exercised with nasal strip (p <0.05), which may indicate a better supply of oxygen during the low intensity exercise with the use of nasal strip, despite we did not find changes in the airflow and respiratory volume parameters. In cytological evaluation of the content of bronchoalveolar lavage, increased percentage of neutrophils was observed after exercise in animals with nasal strip (p <0.05), indicating that turbulence in the airflow through the nasal cavity may have diminished allowing larger particles to be deposited in distal portions of the respiratory system, inducing a more intense neutrophilic response. The use of nasal strips appears to influence some parameters during and after exercise in horses that perform low intensity and endurance tests. Further studies should be conducted to verify that this influence can improve the performance of these horses in predominantly aerobic exercises

Title: Physiological response of competitors Fireball dinghy class in the model sailing race. Objectives: The main intention of the thesis is to detect the physical demands (difficulties) of sailing boat race categorized as Fireball double crew. The variables of physiological response to the load of competitors recorded are being measured using simulated race under laboratory conditions. At that point, this opportunity enabled us to carry out further comparisons and examine the physical demands of individual post at various directions of wind. Methods: The entire investigation of detecting physiological functions of competitors will be carried out noninvasively throughout the simulation of sailing using metabolic analyser tool and sport tester. From the feedback, we will obtained figures and originate the physiological response of human body to the load. Due to the investigation is being implemented on the double crew boat Fireball; both competitors (crew/helmsman) performing different tasks will be simulated and examined individually. Simulated race will last 24 minutes and competitors will have to face different wind courses, precisely cruising upwind, crosswind and tailwind. Results: From the measured results, we can state that most of the time during simulated race, the performance of racers...