Rapporten har genomförts som ett examensarbete inom högskoleingenjörsprogrammet på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan med inriktning på byggteknik och ekonomi. Examensarbetet utfördes på uppdrag av Bengt Dahlgren AB i samarbete med projektledare på företaget. Syftet med rapporten har varit att undersöka och förbättra sammorningen av installationer under projekterings- och produktionsstadiet. Det skulle dock vara omöjligt att täcka in alla aspekter av installationssamordningen under dessa stadier under den korta tid som funnits till förfogan för detta examensarbete. De frågeställningar som ställts under arbetets inledande sidor har därför getts en rad avgränsningar för att i första hand komma åt de aspekter som anses viktiga och lyfta upp dessa för utredning. Under arbetets gång och genom analysen av den empiriska datainsamling som gjorts har en uppfattning av installationssamordningens natur bildats. Till viss del har även samordningen undersökts i sin helhet för att ge en klarare bild av hur resurser fördelas i ett projekt. Två stycken referensprojekt har legat till grund för detta arbete, varav ett enbart använts för att få en tydligare bild av 3D- samordning i verklig mening och inte enbart genom de litteraturstudier som gjorts på området. 3D- samordning utgör endast en liten del av detta examensarbete. Litteraturstudier har även genomförts av hur visuell planering fungerar under projekt i byggbranschen. Huvudsakligen har arbetet baserats på referensprojekt A som tydligt beskrivs under kapitel 2 - nulägesbeskrivning. Via detta projekt har fakta samlats in genom omfattande intervjuer med projektledare och konsulter, enkätundersökning och iakttagelser av det dagliga arbetet. Målet har varit att få en så tydlig bild som möjligt av hur installationssamordningen går till i dagsläget för att kunna hitta brister och därefter diskutera fram vilka förbättringar som är möjliga att genomföra. Referensprojekt A styrs av en samordnad generalentreprenad vilket givetvis påverkar samordningens uppbyggnad. Inga undersökningar har genomförts av övriga entreprenadformer inom ramen för detta examensarbete. Samordningen påverkas av resurser som läggs på projektets olika faser i form av tid och pengar. Undersökningar av hur tidplaner används i styrningen av projektet har därför gjorts genom intervjuer. Informationsflödet mellan olika aktörer och utskick av ändringar via PM har även undersökts närmare. Försök har även gjorts till att uppskatta ÄTA- kostnader som uppstår pga. samordningsmissar, något som visat sig vara svårare. Konsulterna har även fått frågan om vilka deras olika behov är och i vilka mjukvaror de själva arbetar under projekteringen. Slutligen har projektledare och konsulter fått ge sina egna förslag på förbättringar av samordningen. Samtliga resultat av den empiriska datainsamlingen presenteras under kapitel 4 - faktainsamling. / This report has been carried out as a bachelor’s thesis within the degree program "Constructional Engineering and Economics (TIBEA)" at the Royal Intitute of Technology in Haninge / Stockholm. The work was commissioned by Bengt Dahlgren AB in collaboration with a project manager at the company. The purpose of this report has been to investigate and improve the communication and coordination within the project-state of installations. It would be impossible to cover all aspects of the installation coordination during the short time given for this thesis. Therefore the issues put forward during the introductory pages of this paper has been limited down in order to get primarily at those aspects considered important and raise them for investigation. During the work process and through the analysis of the empirical data collection made, conclusions about the nature of installation coordination have been reached. To some extent, even the broader aspects of coordination have been looked at. The purpose of this has been to give a clearer picture of how resources are allocated for a project. Two reference projects have been the basis for this work. One of them has only been used to get a brighter picture of "3D-coordination", in a real world project, unlike the literature studies made on the subject. Also, "3D-coordination" is only supposed to be a small part of this thesis. In general, this thesis is based on reference project A, which is clearly described in chapter 2 - Nulägesbeskrivning (eng. Description of current situation). At this project, facts have been gathered through extensive interviews with project managers and consultants, surveys and observations of their daily work. The goal has been to get as clear of a picture as possible of how the installation coordination works today and thereby be able to pin point flaws and discuss what improvements that can be done. Reference project A is controlled by a coordinated "Design-Bid-Build" (DBB), which of course affects the coordination structure. No studies have been conducted in other forms of contract in the context of this thesis. Coordination is affected by the resources spent on the projects different phases in terms of time and money. Investigations of how different schedules are used in the management of the project have therefore been made through interviews. The flow of information between different participants in the project and the use of PMs to inform of changes has been closely looked at. Attempts have also been made to estimate the ÄTA-costs (Change costs, or non recurring costs due to changes) that arise due to flaws in the coordination, something that has shown to be hard. The consultants have also been asked the question of what their different needs in the project are and in what software’s they’re working. Finally, project managers and consultants were giving their own suggestions to improve coordination. All the results of the empirical data collection are presented in chapter 4 - Faktainsamling (eng. Fact collecting).

Regarding the great importance of a good working environment, in this research, ventilation systems installed in kitchens of restaurants were studied in order to avoid problems and to understand the key factors that can influence on the performance of the system. The results obtained were taken into account to provide some recommendations to a real ventilation system of a restaurant called Pastaria in Gävle (Sweden). This concrete ventilation system was not performing good, and some calculations based on the kitchen design were made trying to offset the problem. A large number of scientific studies related to restaurant kitchen hoods and ventilation systems were used to get the findings. These articles were obtained from scholar web databases. The main problem found in kitchen hoods is the inadequate exhaust airflow. The minimum required airflow varies depending on the size and shape of the hood. Keil et al. (2004) found in their research that only 39% and 24% of the studied hoods met the minimum recommended airflow from ACGIH and ASHRAE guidelines, respectively. Other key factors found are related to the kitchen design. The kitchen hood is recommended to have incorporated a capture hood covering all the burners. Side panels can be employed to increase the capture and containment. High efficiency filters and rigid ducts are also recommended. The cleaning of the ventilation ducts is also an important factor, they are recommended to be cleaned between 1 to 9 years depending on the activity of the kitchen. Thus, key factors such as disturbing airflows and the presence/movement of the cooks can disturb the kitchen hood performance. A very effective solution, isolating the fumes below the hood, that is getting developed is the installation of an inclined air curtain from the cooking surface. Related to the kitchen hood and the ventilation system of the Pastaria restaurant. Some measurements and information were obtained in a visit to the restaurant. After calculations, it was obtained based on the kitchen design that is required a minimum airflow of 4 140 m3/hour. In order to do that, the heat exchanger Swegon Silver C RX, installed in the system, requires a minimum size of 11/12. The distribution of the kitchen appliances in this restaurant seems to be correct. However, a future study in order to see if there are disturbing airflows affecting the kitchen hood performance must be carried out. If after checking all recommendations the performance of the kitchen hood is not good enough yet, an inclined air curtain may be installed due to their great effectiveness against problems of hoods. In conclusion, it was clearly obtained that a correct kitchen distribution design and calculations must be done for each restaurant in order to install the most adequate kitchen hood with the best characteristics. This way, fumes, odors, moisture and particles will be easily exhausted allowing a better environment out of risks to the establishment and customers health.