El presente trabajo de investigación está orientado al estudio de los tumores retroperitoneales, que por ser una patología compleja y poco frecuente, requiere manejo por centros hospitalarios de alto nivel de complejidad. Este estudio se ha llevado a cabo en el Servicio de Cirugía de Esófago, Tumores Retroperitoneales y Partes Blandas del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (HNERM). La población de estudio son los pacientes que fueron diagnosticados y tratados por tumores retroperitoneales en el Servicio de Cirugía de Esófago, Tumores Retroperitoneales y Partes Blandas del HNERM, en el período Enero 2007 a Diciembre 2012. La recolección de los datos se ha realizado retrospectivamente, mediante la revisión pormenorizada de las Historias Clínicas. El objetivo principal es describir las características de los pacientes con diagnóstico de Tumor Retroperitoneal y detallar la sintomatología clínica, las técnicas operatorias, la evolución postoperatoria y las complicaciones más frecuentes de los pacientes con diagnóstico de tumores retroperitoneales, así como las recidivas y el número de reintervenciones a las que fueron sometidos. De igual manera, se describen las características demográficas de los pacientes con dicho diagnóstico.

Abscesses developing within the retroperitoneal spaces are complicated and serious infections. These abscesses present insidiously, leading to considerable mortality and morbidity. A high clinical suspicion can help diagnose and treat this potentially fatal illness. Computed axial tomography is the best diagnostic modality for retroperitoneal abscess. Computed tomographic scan is useful, not only for diagnosing the retroperitoneal abscess, but can be used for therapeutic drainage of abscesses in high-surgical-risk patients. We present an illustrative case of retroperitoneal abscess and discuss the pathogenesis of retroperitoneal abscess, diagnosis, and treatment.

Retroperitoneal liposarcoma is often asymptomatic but sometimes attention is drawn to the neoplasm due to clinical manifestations. These include fever, flu-like symptoms, nausea or vomiting due to pressure or hypoglycemia related to paraneoplastic disease. We present a rare case of a massive retroperitoneal liposarcoma presenting with refractory dry cough. The patient underwent resection of the mass with complete resolution of her cough. Histopathological examination of the mass demonstrated a well-differentiated tumor with myxomatous features. No evidence of metastatic disease to the lungs was observed. This case points to the need for a thorough and careful evaluation of unexplained cough.

Retroperitoneal liposarcoma is often asymptomatic but sometimes attention is drawn to the neoplasm due to clinical manifestations. These include fever, flu-like symptoms, nausea or vomiting due to pressure or hypoglycemia related to paraneoplastic disease. We present a rare case of a massive retroperitoneal liposarcoma presenting with refractory dry cough. The patient underwent resection of the mass with complete resolution of her cough. Histopathological examination of the mass demonstrated a well-differentiated tumor with myxomatous features. No evidence of metastatic disease to the lungs was observed. This case points to the need for a thorough and careful evaluation of unexplained cough.

Warfarin is the most widely used oral anticoagulant and is indicated for many clinical conditions. Levofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in clinical practice and is effective against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and atypical bacteria. While small prospective studies have not revealed any significant drug-drug interaction between warfarin and levofloxacin, several case reports have indicated that levofloxacin may significantly potentiate the anticoagulation effect of warfarin. We report 3 cases of serious bleeding complications that appear to be the result of the interaction between warfarin and levofloxacin. Physicians should be aware of this potential interaction and use caution when prescribing levofloxacin to patients taking warfarin.

INTRODUÇÃO: A hiper-hidrose plantar é uma doença que incide em pelo menos 60% dos pacientes com hiper-hidrose. A simpatectomia torácica, embora apresente potencial de diminuir a sudação plantar, atinge este objetivo em cerca de 60% dos pacientes. Para os demais, a simpatectomia lombar é o procedimento de escolha. Com o desenvolvimento da cirurgia minimamente invasiva, houve também aumento na demanda por esta via de acesso adaptada à simpatectomia lombar. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS - 30 pacientes que apresentavam hiper-hidrose plantar persistente após simpatectomia torácica, foram randomizadas em dois grupos. O primeiro, Grupo A, formado por pacientes que então foram submetidas à simpatectomia lombar endoscópica retroperitoneal e o segundo, Grupo B, correspondendo ao controle. As pacientes do Grupo A foram avaliadas antes e após a simpatectomia lombar por questionários de qualidade de vida e aferição do suor por meio da medida da perda transepidérmica de água(TEWL- \"Transepidermal Water Loss\"). As do Grupo controle foram também submetidas às mesmas avaliações em períodos correspondentes. RESULTADOS: As pacientes do Grupo A, não apresentaram complicações peroperatórias. No pós-operatório imediato, uma delas(6,6%) desenvolveu obstipação intestinal. Outras três(20%) tiveram dor por mais de 10 dias. Oito pacientes(53,3%) referiram aumento da hiper-hidrose compensatória após a simpatectomia lombar. A qualidade de vida das pacientes do Grupo A após a cirurgia melhorou quando comparada com o período pré-cirúrgico (p<0,05) e foi superior à qualidade de vida das pacientes do Grupo B (p<0,05). Os valores das medidas do suor plantar do Grupo A foram menores após a cirurgia quando comparadas com o período pré-cirúrgico (p<0,05) e também quando comparadas com o Grupo controle (p<0,05). Os valores das medidas do suor dorsal e abdominal, em alguns pontos de mensuração, do Grupo A após a cirurgia foram maiores que os correspondentes do Grupo controle (p<0,05), identificando nestes pontos aumento do suor compensatório. CONCLUSÕES: A simpatectomia lombar endoscópica retroperitoneal em mulheres diminui a sudorese plantar e melhora a qualidade de vida das pacientes com hiperhidrose plantar. Ela também provoca aumento da hiper-hidrose compensatória em cerca de metade das pacientes operadas. / INTRODUCTION: Plantar hyperidrosis is present in at least 60% of patients with hyperhidrosis. Thoracic sympathectomy is an important tool for the treatment of this condition, being successful in about 60% of the patients. For the remaining, lumbar sympatectomy is the procedure of choice. As new techniques of minimally invasive surgery have been developed, there is a growing demand for this kind of access adapted to the lumbar sympatectomy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thirty female patients with persistent plantar hyperhidrosis after thoracic sympathectomy were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to laparoscopic retroperitoneal lumbar sympatectomy (Group A) or no surgical intervention (Group B - control). Modifications in the quality of life were assessed by specific questionnaires before and after surgery. In the same way, direct sweat measurement was also performed pre and post intervention by evaluation of trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL). Control group, despite no intervention, was evaluated in the same time points. RESULTS: In Group A, no major complication occurred in the per-operative period. At immediate postoperative, one patient (6,6%) developed intestinal constipation. Three other patients (20%) had prolonged pain (more than 10 days). Eight patients worsened their compensatory sweat (53,3%). In Group A after lumbar sympatectomy, quality of life significantly improved (p<0,05, intra-group comparison), and became better than the control\'s Group (p<0,05, inter-group comparison). Lumbar sympatectomy has also resulted in significantly lower values of feet sweat comparing pre and post operative periods (p<0,05) as well as comparing Group A and Group B (p<0,05). These patients also developed higher values of sweat measurements on specific points of dorsal and abdominal region after the procedure (p<0,05). CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic retroperitoneal lumbar sympatectomy diminishes plantar sweat and improves quality of life of women with plantar hyperidrosis. However, about half of the patients develop increased compensatory hyperidrosis in other areas of the body.

INTRODUÇÃO: A hiper-hidrose plantar é uma doença que incide em pelo menos 60% dos pacientes com hiper-hidrose. A simpatectomia torácica, embora apresente potencial de diminuir a sudação plantar, atinge este objetivo em cerca de 60% dos pacientes. Para os demais, a simpatectomia lombar é o procedimento de escolha. Com o desenvolvimento da cirurgia minimamente invasiva, houve também aumento na demanda por esta via de acesso adaptada à simpatectomia lombar. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS - 30 pacientes que apresentavam hiper-hidrose plantar persistente após simpatectomia torácica, foram randomizadas em dois grupos. O primeiro, Grupo A, formado por pacientes que então foram submetidas à simpatectomia lombar endoscópica retroperitoneal e o segundo, Grupo B, correspondendo ao controle. As pacientes do Grupo A foram avaliadas antes e após a simpatectomia lombar por questionários de qualidade de vida e aferição do suor por meio da medida da perda transepidérmica de água(TEWL- \"Transepidermal Water Loss\"). As do Grupo controle foram também submetidas às mesmas avaliações em períodos correspondentes. RESULTADOS: As pacientes do Grupo A, não apresentaram complicações peroperatórias. No pós-operatório imediato, uma delas(6,6%) desenvolveu obstipação intestinal. Outras três(20%) tiveram dor por mais de 10 dias. Oito pacientes(53,3%) referiram aumento da hiper-hidrose compensatória após a simpatectomia lombar. A qualidade de vida das pacientes do Grupo A após a cirurgia melhorou quando comparada com o período pré-cirúrgico (p<0,05) e foi superior à qualidade de vida das pacientes do Grupo B (p<0,05). Os valores das medidas do suor plantar do Grupo A foram menores após a cirurgia quando comparadas com o período pré-cirúrgico (p<0,05) e também quando comparadas com o Grupo controle (p<0,05). Os valores das medidas do suor dorsal e abdominal, em alguns pontos de mensuração, do Grupo A após a cirurgia foram maiores que os correspondentes do Grupo controle (p<0,05), identificando nestes pontos aumento do suor compensatório. CONCLUSÕES: A simpatectomia lombar endoscópica retroperitoneal em mulheres diminui a sudorese plantar e melhora a qualidade de vida das pacientes com hiperhidrose plantar. Ela também provoca aumento da hiper-hidrose compensatória em cerca de metade das pacientes operadas. / INTRODUCTION: Plantar hyperidrosis is present in at least 60% of patients with hyperhidrosis. Thoracic sympathectomy is an important tool for the treatment of this condition, being successful in about 60% of the patients. For the remaining, lumbar sympatectomy is the procedure of choice. As new techniques of minimally invasive surgery have been developed, there is a growing demand for this kind of access adapted to the lumbar sympatectomy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thirty female patients with persistent plantar hyperhidrosis after thoracic sympathectomy were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to laparoscopic retroperitoneal lumbar sympatectomy (Group A) or no surgical intervention (Group B - control). Modifications in the quality of life were assessed by specific questionnaires before and after surgery. In the same way, direct sweat measurement was also performed pre and post intervention by evaluation of trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL). Control group, despite no intervention, was evaluated in the same time points. RESULTS: In Group A, no major complication occurred in the per-operative period. At immediate postoperative, one patient (6,6%) developed intestinal constipation. Three other patients (20%) had prolonged pain (more than 10 days). Eight patients worsened their compensatory sweat (53,3%). In Group A after lumbar sympatectomy, quality of life significantly improved (p<0,05, intra-group comparison), and became better than the control\'s Group (p<0,05, inter-group comparison). Lumbar sympatectomy has also resulted in significantly lower values of feet sweat comparing pre and post operative periods (p<0,05) as well as comparing Group A and Group B (p<0,05). These patients also developed higher values of sweat measurements on specific points of dorsal and abdominal region after the procedure (p<0,05). CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic retroperitoneal lumbar sympatectomy diminishes plantar sweat and improves quality of life of women with plantar hyperidrosis. However, about half of the patients develop increased compensatory hyperidrosis in other areas of the body.

L’endométriose est définie comme la présence de tissu endométrial et de stroma en dehors de la cavité utérine. Ses localisations les plus fréquentes sont le péritoine pelvien et les ovaires. L’endométriose infiltrante est classiquement décrite comme la présence de tissu endométriotique plus de cinq millimètres sous le péritoine pelvien ou la séreuse d’un organe. Histologiquement il s’agit d’une lésion endométriotique mais qui contrairement aux lésions ovariennes ou péritonéales contient significativement plus de muscle lisse et de fibrose et est davantage associée à la douleur. Les lésions infiltrantes peuvent être responsables de dysménorrhée, dyspareunie profonde et douleurs pelviennes chroniques sévères ayant un charactère hyperalgique tel qu’on peut le retrouver dans les douleurs neuropathiques. Ces douleurs nécessitent souvent la prise de quantités importantes d’antalgiques et ont des répercussions importantes sur la vie professionnelle, quotidienne et sexuelle des femmes atteintes. L’endométriose infiltrante présente un rapport histologique étroit avec les structures nerveuses du rétropéritoine ou les nerfs des organes atteints. Dans sa localisation rectovaginale il existe une relation histologique étroite entre les lésions d’endométriose et les nerfs ainsi qu’une correlation entre l’intensité de la douleur et le nombre de structures nerveuses envahies par l’endometriose ou engaînées dans la fibrose. Ces lésions infiltrantes expriment le «nerve growth factor» (NGF), une neurotrophine qui joue un rôle clé dans la genèse de l’hyperalgie et de la douleur. Les structures nerveuses du rétropéritoine pelvien expriment quant à elles le récepteur spécifique pour la neurotrophine NGF. Le système «NGF-récepteur spécifique» peut être responsable d’un chimiotactisme tissulaire entre les tissus sécrétant du NGF et les nerfs qui expriment le récepteur pour le NGF. Le système «NGF- récepteur spécifique» au sein de la relation endométriose-nerfs pourrait rendre compte du caractère hyperalgique des lésions endométriotiques infiltrantes ainsi, qu’expliquer pourquoi les lésions nodulaires n’apparaissent que dans les sites anatomiques richement innervés (ligaments utérosacrés, lame rectovaginale, paroi du rectum ou du côlon…) et pas ailleurs. Le traitement de première intention est chirurgical. Il convient d’être suffisamment agressif sur les lésions tout en engendrant le moins de séquelles postopératoires possibles sachant que nombre de ces femmes sont stériles. En cas d’atteinte digestive basse, les modalités de l’intervention sont dictées par l’extension et le degré d’infiltration de la paroi digestive. Dans le but de réaliser dans la majorité des cas une chirurgie minimalement invasive (laparoscopique) avec des cicatrices de petites tailles, nous avons développé une stratégie de traitement basée sur le degré d’infiltration de la paroi digestive. Dans ce cadre nous avons développé une technique laparo-assistée de résection colique segmentaire et de résection antérieure du rectum.

Immunoglobulin G4–related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic fibrosing inflammatory systemic disorder that has been recognized relatively recently in the medical literature. Little is known about the exact disease pathogenesis and epidemiology. IgG4-RD may be asymptomatic or may have minimal symptoms or involve multiple organs with overt symptoms. The different phenotypes of IgG4-RD can lead to delayed or incorrect diagnosis. We report the case of a 66-year-old male with coal worker’s pneumoconiosis who presented with progressive kidney disease and was diagnosed with tubulointerstitial nephritis due to IgG4-RD. The patient was noted to have progressive kidney disease, skin involvement, worsening interstitial lung disease, complete vision loss in the left eye, and retroperitoneal fibrosis. Serologic workup revealed elevated inflammatory markers, IgG4 and IgG1 levels, and hypocomplementemia. A tissue biopsy helped us establish a definitive diagnosis of IgG4-RD and initiate treatment with glucocorticoids to prevent further progression of kidney disease and other end-organ damage.

O tecido adiposo já foi considerado um tecido metabolicamente pouco ativo, no entanto, os mais recentes avanços mostram que ele desempenha uma função importante no controle da homeostase energética. Baseado neste conceito, este trabalho objetivou caracterizar o perfil morfológico e metabólico de adipócitos isolados de três diferentes coxins adiposos, subcutâneo, peri-epididimal, retro-peritoneal (SC, PE e RP respectivamente). Os adipócitos dos diferentes coxins foram coletados e submetidos a análise morfológica, aos ensaios metabólicos e análise da expressão de enzimas envolvidas no metabolismo lipídico e glicídico. Os resultados mostraram diferença estatisticamente significativa no volume dos adipócitos das três regiões entre si (p<0,05), maior capacidade lipogênica dos adipócitos RP. Paralelamente, o tecido SC, mostrou maior expressão de enzimas envolvidas na via lipogênica (p< 0,05; SC vs PE e RP). / The adipose tissue was considered to be a little active metabolic tissue, however, the most recent advances show that it plays an important function in the control of the energy homostasis. Based on this concept, this work aimed to characterize the morphology and metabolism of isolated adipocytes of three different depots, like: subcutaneous, periepididymal, retroperitoneal (SC, PE and RP) . The adipocytes of the different depots had been collected and submitted to morphologic analysis, metabolic assays and to analysis of the enzymes expressions involved on lipids and glucose metabolism. The results showed statistical significant difference on volume of the adipocytes among the three different depots (p< 0, 05), high lipogenic capacity of RP adipocytes and higher expression of proteins involved in lipogenic patways of SC adipocytes (p<0, 05).