No description available.

This paper examines how three prominent news outlets in the United States: specifically CNN, Reuters and Fox News, depict the death of Mahsa Amini in Iran and the protests that would follow. The purpose of this study is to examine whether or not political ideology affects news reporting done by these online news outlets. Subsequently, the aim is to determine how that news reporting affects readers and in turn, influences public opinion and cultural ideology. This is done by employing Fairclough’s three-dimensional model, a framework used in critical discourse analysis to examine three dimensions within communicative events. To complete this analysis, historical context, political context, and the news genres’ limitations and expectations are taken into account. This paper finds that political ideology does impact the production of news headlines in terms of lexical choices made both to emphasize the focal point of different news sources, as well as where they stem from and what narrative they enforce. Finally, empirical evidence to support these claims is presented and interpreted.

There has been significant academic criticism of the international news coverage of Africa, but little or no first-hand research on the forces that create this news. This thesis draws on 51 semi-structured interviews and ethnographic work with practicing foreign correspondents in Sudan, Kenya and Uganda to explore the question: how can we explain and theorise the production of international news on East Africa? The thesis argues that Pierre Bourdieu’s Field Theory, and its analytical toolbox of ‘field’, ‘capital’ and ‘habitus’, can be meaningfully used to examine international journalistic practice. Field theory has been widely and productively used to understand domestic news production, but it has not yet been employed to empirically investigate journalistic production in the global sphere. The analysis is presented in three sections, each of which focuses on a different ‘layer’ of the international news system: the global field, where newswires compete for clients and capital; the national field ‘back home’ where traditional, nation based news outlets are based; and, finally, the local and immediate site where foreign correspondents work. Each of these layers is explored through an in depth case study of a major news producer/group of producers working in East Africa. The first and most substantial section examines the global journalistic field, and the position and practices of the Reuters newswire within this field. The second examines the foreign correspondents who report on Africa for print outlets in the UK. The final section presents two case studies of correspondents at work, negotiating a local news ecology: the election violence in Kenyan (2007-8), and the international coverage of the Darfur crisis. The discussion explores the fluidity between these three layers. Each analysis section stands alone as an investigations of major news producers in Africa today, and the forces that influence their work. Together, they build the argument that field theory is a useful approach to conceptualising the contemporary global news system, and examining journalistic practices within this. The main strengths of the theory lie in its notion of habitus; the extent to which it can incorporate and explain change; and its ability to link macro level phenomenon with micro level practice. The theory is ideally suited to capture and study the way in which foreign correspondents negotiate a complex and fluid global news system.

Cílem této diplomové práce je představení zcela nového způsobu vytváření i distribuování zpráv a obsahu, kdy se do tohoto jinak tradičně "lidského odvětví" začínají v poslední době promítat automatizované a chytré počítačové systémy využívající umělou inteligenci. Hodlám vysvětlit, co tento pojem znamená s ohledem na mediální prostor, představit jeho poměrně krátkou historii a popsat, jak dochází k jeho zavádění v žurnalistické praxi. Jelikož se jedná o stále vyvíjející se část možná budoucí novinářské práce, která je zatím v začátcích, nepracují s ní zatím ve větším tuzemská média, i když postupně začínají experimentovat například se strojovou žurnalistikou, tedy předstupněm plně automatizované umělé inteligence. Výzkum je proto zaměřen na vývoj a používání umělé inteligence tiskovými agenturami Reuters a AP, které s těmito nástroji už začaly pracovat a na jejichž případu hodlám ukázat možný budoucí nástup i praxi. V závěru zhodnotím největší výhody i nejdiskutovanější etické problémy fungování umělé inteligence v žurnalistice.

What effect do global news agencies have on foreign sections of Czech daily newspapers; that's the focus of this master thesis. The theoretical part of the thesis introduces two before-mentioned concepts of intermedia agenda-setting and globalization of news. Other theoretical concepts like gatekeeping, news values or media routine are also briefly presented. So are profiles of selected media outlets are also presented. Next part of the thesis introduces the reader to methodology upon which the research is based. The research itself is divided into two parts. The first one is a quantitative content analysis of ČTK's foreign news agenda during the specified period. The same analysis was also carried out for selected Czech daily newspapers. The research focused on several variables - what media sources are being used, what topics do the articles cover or who are the actors mentioned in the articles. The second part of the research focused on whether and on what scale do daily papers use texts provided by ČTK and if they're being used without adjustments. Main findings of the research with commentary are presented in the conclusion section of this thesis.

Diploma thesis "Comparation of press agencies and foreign correspondents news contribution" observe, analyze and compare foreing news in main television news sessions on channels Česká televize and FTV Prima. The target is to learn, if foreign television correspondents can distinctly contribute to the news progamme. Working hypothesis comes from theoretical scholar literature and practical experiences of author. The research establish approximate percentage of original correspondet reports and news agency reports edited in Prague in the selected media sample. With quantitative reserach approach the work evaluate parameters of each foreign news report. The goal is to make the analysis the most reliable as possible. It focuses questions as if correspondent brings exclusive topics and topics with relation to Czech republic, if correspondents are pushed to produce feature reports instead of actual reports, if live coverage is really the most up-to-date and authentic form of reporting, if world news agencies are really indispensable source of international news and audiovisual materials and if news agencies offer more complex service than televison correspondents.

This thesis examines how the press of the erstwhile German Democratic Republic represented Iran in the years from 1949 – the year of the GDR’s formation – until 1989, the last complete year before its demise on 3 October 1990. The study focuses on key events in Iranian history such as the overthrow of the Mossadegh government in 1953, the White Revolution, the Islamic Revolution of 1979, and the Iran-Iraq war. It will be shown that although news and articles were based on selected facts, they still presented a picture of Iran that was at best distorted, the distortions and misrepresentations amounting to what could be described as 'factual fiction'. Furthermore, clear evidence will be provided that economical and political relations with Iran were a primary concern of the GDR’s leadership, and thus also of the GDR’s press and have therefore dominated the reporting on Iran. Whatever ideological concerns there may have been, they were hardly ever allowed to get in the way of amicable relations with the Shah or later with the Islamic Republic. Only in periods where the two countries enjoyed less amicable or poor relations, was the press free to critically report events in Iran and to openly support the cause of the SED’s communist Iranian sister party, the Tudeh. Despite East Germany’s diametric ideological environment and despite the fundamentally different role that the GDR’s political system had assigned to the press and to journalism, East Germany’s press was as reliant on the input of the global news agencies as any Western media. The at times almost complete reliance on Western news agencies as sources for news on Iran challenged more than just the hermeneutic hegemony the SED and the GDR’s press wanted to establish. After all, which news and information were made available by the news agencies to the media in both East and West was primarily determined by the business interests of said agencies. The study makes a contribution to three fields: Modern Iranian history, (East-) German history and media studies. The most valid findings were certainly made in the latter.

This study critically explores the relationships amongst the global, national, continental and alternative news agencies in South Africa and in a changing global context of news. It revisits previous studies’ findings on imbalances in global flows with a view to extending and updating these case studies. An extended-case study approach employing in-depth, open-ended interviews with news agency participants based primarily in South Africa and with the Pan African News Agency in Senegal is undertaken. The study postulates that news agencies do not operate independently of the broader external social environment. News agencies are influenced by changes in the global news environment and impacted upon by socio-economic, political and cultural processes and relations amongst nations. The main findings include firstly, that “intermediary changes” described as “adaptive strategies” at news agencies result from internal and external pressures on their operations of news production, selection and distribution. Internal pressures are identified as changes in ownership, and the gate-keeping function in the selection and exchange of news. External pressures are associated with the processes and relations of market-based global capitalism, which, it is theorized, gives rise to changing conditions described as a new phase of neo-liberal globalisation. Another finding related to the first, describes the adaptive strategies at news agencies as signifying a crisis in the global capitalist order and a transition to a post-industrial society. This post-industrial society presents the space for further investigation of the phenomenon of global consciousness, which is a further finding of the study. The prevalence of an alternative form of news production, citizens’ journalism, is seen as an example of an emerging public realm of opinion making, or, the public sphere. The study concludes that explanations for the persistence of imbalances in global news flows in the relationships among news agencies needs revision and updating, and that a global phenomenon, “global consciousness”, presents a challenge to the extreme market forces and the statist government control over media systems worldwide.

This dissertation examines the agendas and frames used by the Ethiopian News Agency (ENA) and Reuters in their coverage of issues and actors of the May 2005 Ethiopian Elections, by employing agenda-setting and framing theories. The study applies quantitative and qualitative methods and examined fifty news stories from each news agency, and forwards five main findings: One, ENA and Reuters differed in setting agendas. While ENA focused on the legitimacy, Reuters emphasised on the killings and arrests of the electoral process. Second, ENA and Reuters differed in their motives to make some actors more salient than others. Third, ENA framed Elections processes as rightful, while Reuters framed them as disfigured. Fourth, ENA framed government parties as visionary and indomitable, and the oppositions as wrongdoers. Contrastingly, Reuters framed the oppositions as victims, and the government parties as brutal actors. And finally, by so doing, both agencies reflected their respective interests. / Communication Science / MA (International Communication)

This dissertation examines the agendas and frames used by the Ethiopian News Agency (ENA) and Reuters in their coverage of issues and actors of the May 2005 Ethiopian Elections, by employing agenda-setting and framing theories. The study applies quantitative and qualitative methods and examined fifty news stories from each news agency, and forwards five main findings: One, ENA and Reuters differed in setting agendas. While ENA focused on the legitimacy, Reuters emphasised on the killings and arrests of the electoral process. Second, ENA and Reuters differed in their motives to make some actors more salient than others. Third, ENA framed Elections processes as rightful, while Reuters framed them as disfigured. Fourth, ENA framed government parties as visionary and indomitable, and the oppositions as wrongdoers. Contrastingly, Reuters framed the oppositions as victims, and the government parties as brutal actors. And finally, by so doing, both agencies reflected their respective interests. / Communication Science / MA (International Communication)