Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares permanecem como a principal causa de morbimortalidade entre as mulheres no Brasil e no mundo. Estratégias de prevenção primária baseadas na detecção dos fatores de risco tradicionais para aterosclerose, têm sido pouco eficazes para reduzir as altas taxas de mortalidade nessa população. O presente estudo tem como objetivo primário detectar e quantificar a presença de aterosclerose na sua fase subclínica, em mulheres climatéricas e pós-menopausadas. Métodos: Foram estudadas 823 mulheres de 45 a 65 anos de idade (idade média 54,3 ± 5,3 anos), no período peri e pós-menopausa, sem doença cardiovascular conhecida, ou em uso de terapia de reposição hormonal, residentes em Recife, Nordeste do Brasil. Todas foram submetidas a avaliação clínica e dosagens bioquímicas, que incluíram os níveis de glicose, lipídios, proteína C-reativa, hormônio folículo-estimulante, adiponectina e aldosterona. Ultrassonografia modo B foi utilizada na avaliação carotídea; medidas da espessura íntima média carotídea (EIMC) foram determinadas na parede posterior da artéria carótida comum (ACC) utilizando-se um \"software\" de leitura automatizada; aterosclerose carotídea foi definida quando da presença de placa carotídea e/ou EIMC > 1mm. Resultados: De 823 mulheres, 10,2% eram fumantes, 58% tinham hipertensão e 9,9% eram diabéticas. A prevalência de doença aterosclerótica subclínica entre a população analisada foi de 12,7%, e a média da EIMC foi de 0,645 ± 0,124 milímetros. Na análise univariada, foram detectadas associações significativas entre presença de aterosclerose carotídea e: a idade (p < 0,001), o fumo (p=0,014), a hipertensão (p=0,002), a pressão arterial sistólica (p=0,003), o colesterol total (p=0,001) e o LDL-colesterol (p=0,001). No modelo ajustado, a idade (p < 0,001), o fumo (p=0,001), a pressão arterial sistólica (p=0,030) e o colesterol total (p=0,008) se correlacionaram de forma significativa e independente com a aterosclerose carotídea. Conclusão: O presente estudo revelou uma alta prevalência de aterosclerose carotídea entre as mulheres brasileiras a partir do climatério. Assim como a idade, os fatores de risco clássicos se correlacionaram de forma independente com aterosclerose carotídea. Esses resultados são de particular relevância, visto que as estratégias para redução do risco cardiovascular são baseadas em modelos de predição de risco onde as mulheres são frequentemente classificadas no grupo de baixo risco cardiovascular. Consequentemente, as oportunidades de envolvê-las mais cedo na prevenção da doença aterosclerótica são muitas vezes perdidas / Aims: Cardiovascular diseases continue to be the main cause of morbidity and mortality among women in Brazil and worldwide. Strategies of primary prevention, based on the detection of traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis, have had a small impact in reducing the high rates of mortality in this population. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to analyse the prevalence of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in peri- and postmenopausal women. Methods: We studied 823 peri- and postmenopausal women, 45 to 65 years-old (mean age 54.3±5.3 years), from Recife city, without known cardiovascular disease and hormone therapy utilization. All of them were submitted to a careful medical evaluation, and biochemical analyses that included glucose and lipids levels, C-reactive protein, follicle-stimulating hormone, adiponectin and aldosterone. B-mode ultrasound was utilized for carotid evaluations; intima-media thickness (IMT) measures were determined on the far wall common carotid artery (CCA) with automated reading software; presence of carotid atherosclerosis was defined as either the presence of plaque and/or IMT >= 1.00mm. Results: Of the 823 women, 10.2% were current smokers, 58% had hypertension and 9.9% were diabetics. The prevalence of subclinical atherosclerotic disease among the analyzed population was 12.7%, and the mean CCA-IMT was 0.645±0.124 mm. By univariate analyses, a positive and statistically significant correlation was found between carotid atherosclerosis and age (p < 0.001), current smoker (p=0.014), hypertension (p=0.002), systolic blood pressure (p=0.003), total cholesterol (p=0.001) and LDL cholesterol (p=0.001). In the adjusted model, age (p < 0.001), current smoker (p=0.001), systolic blood pressure (p=0.030) and total cholesterol (p=0.008), remained correlating significantly and independently with carotid atherosclerosis. Conclusion: Our study showed a high prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis among asymptomatic pre- and post-menopausal Brazilian women. As well as age, classic risk factors correlated independently with carotid atherosclerosis. These findings are of particular relevance as strategies for reducing cardiovascular risk are based on risk prediction models in which women are often classified as having low cardiovascular risk, and opportunities for engaging them in prevention at a younger age are very often missed

A presente pesquisa for desenvolvida junto a pacientes hipertensos cadastrados em um Programa de Exercício Aeróbio de um Centro de Saúde do Município de Toluca - México, tendo por objetivo caracterizá-los de acordo com as variáveis do Modelo de Campo de Saúde de Lalonde: biologia humana, meio ambiente, estilo de vida e organização dos serviços de saúde e, analisar o sentir e o pensar destes pacientes sobre sua doença e os cuidados com a mesma. Participaram da pesquisa quarenta e oito pacientes, cujos dados foram obtido em duas fases; primeiramente obteve-se os dados referentes aos quatro elementos do Modelo de Campo de Saúde de Lalonde em seguida, por meio de cinco questões orientadoras foi possível identificar a experiência dos hipertensos com a doença, enfocando o pensar e o sentir destes pacientes, desde o diagnóstico até as mudanças e cuidados impostos pela doença; após a obtenção dos valores da PA, os pacientes, foram classificados em dois grupos: aqueles com PA controlada e aqueles de PA não controlada, de acordo com as recomendações do JNC-7 (2006). Entre os pacientes do grupo de PA controlada 77,08% eram mulheres: 54,16% tinham idade superior a 60 anos; 81,25% estavam com a PA controlada; 27,08% apresentavam sobrepeso e 68,75% possuíam RCQ maior que 90; 45,83% não sabiam indicar antecedentes familiares para a doença; 20,83% indicaram ser hipertensos há mais de dez anos; 72,91% faziam tratamento para a hipertensão arterial, 43,73% indicaram conhecer os valores de PA; 39,59% eram viúvos; 52,08% procediam do meio urbano; 68,75% possuíam nível de escolaridade baixo; 54,16% ocupavam-se dos afazeres domésticos; 70,83% indicaram realizar exercício físico, sendo a caminhada indicada por 66,67% deles; 75,0% não fumavam e 68,75% não consumiam bebida alcoólica; 66,67% indicaram apresentar estresse, sendo este mais freqüente em função de problemas familiares e no lar; 72,91% indicam fazer em média três refeições diárias e consumir alimentos com pouco sal (68,75%); 68,75% indicaram usar os serviços de saúde do sistema público, sendo que 54,16% indicaram procurar o serviço somente quando não se sentissem bem. Em relação ao que pensavam sobre sua doença e o cuidado, pode-se identificar que os hipertensos percebem como necessária a mudança de comportamento a partir da descoberta da doença, embora o início da doença não tenha gerado nenhuma mudança significativa. Os resultados deste estudo são importantes para o universo dos serviços de saúde do México, uma vez que demanda a necessidade de aprofundar estudos que gerem novos conhecimentos que possam contribuir para a melhoria do cuidado ao hipertenso. / This study was developed with hypertensive patients registered in an Aerobic Exercise Program in a Health Care Center in the city of Toluca-Mexico. The study objective is to characterize these individuals according to the Lalonde\'s Health Field Model variables: human biology, environment, life style, and health service organization. The study also aimed to analyze these patients\' feelings and considerations regarding their illness and their care towards it. Forty-eight patients took part in the study. Patient data was obtained in two phases: first, the data regarding the four Lalonde\'s Health Field Model elements were obtained, and, then, using five guiding questions, it was possible to identify the hypertensive patients\' experience with the illness, focusing on their thoughts and feelings from the moment of diagnosis to the changes imposed by the illness. After obtaining the patients\' blood pressure (BP) values, they were classified in two groups, according to JNC-7 (2006) recommendations: those with BP under control, and those with uncontrolled BP. Among patients in the controlled BP group, 77.08% were women, 54.16% were aged above 60 years, 81.25% did not have the BP under control, 27.08% were overweight, and 68.75% had a waist-hip ration (WHR) above 90. Among the hypertensive patients, 45.83% were unable to report any family history for the illness, 20.83% reported being hypertensive for over 10 years, 72.91% were under hypertension treatment, 43.73% reported knowing their BP values, 39.59% were widowed, 52.08% originated from the urban environment, 68.75% had a low educational level, 54.16% performed household chores, 70.83% reported doing physical exercises, with 66.67% reporting walking regularly, 75.0% are non-smokers, 68.75% do not drink alcoholic beverages, 66.67% reported having stress, which is rather often due to family problems, 72.91% reported eating at least three meals a day and eating foods with littlesalt (68.75%), 68,75% indicated using the public system\'s health care service, of which54.16% reported seeking the service only when they did not feel well. Regarding what the patients considerations about the illness and health care, is was possible to identify that they perceived that the change in behavior as something necessary for the change in behavior from as of the moment the illness is identified, regardless if the onset has not yet caused any significant change. The study results are important for the universe of health services in Mexico, since the requires the need for more profound studies that would generate new knowledge that could enhance the care offered to hypertensive individuals.

Os objetivos deste estudo são avaliar a prevalência, extensão e severidade de perda clínica de inserção (NCI); e investigar as possíveis associações entre variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e comportamentais com NCI em uma população isolada brasileira. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Todos os indivíduos com mais de 12 anos de idade foram identificados por um censo. Eles foram entrevistados por meio de um questionário estruturado e submetidos a um exame clínico completo que consistiu na avaliação de 6 sítios por dente em toda a boca. RESULTADOS: Dentre os 214 indivíduos que foram entrevistados e receberam exame clínico completo, NCI >= 5mm foi observado em 8%, 37%, 70%, 83% e 100% dos indivíduos dentados nas faixas etárias de 12-19, 20-29, 30- 39, 40-49 e 50 ou mais anos de idade; enquanto que a prevalência de NCI >= 7mm foi de 5%, 8%, 20%, 67% e 83% nas faixas anteriormente descritas, respectivamente. Análises de regressão logística multivariável identificaram quantidade de placa visível (OR = 2,8), quantidade de cálculo supra-gengival (20-50%, OR = 2,9; e > 50%, OR= 10,6), idade (OR = 11,4) e tabagismo (OR = 2,4) como indicadores de risco para NCI >= 5mm; e tabagismo (OR = 8,2) para NCI >= 7mm. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstraram que perda clínica de inserção é altamente prevalente nesta população isolada. A alta prevalência de NCI em faixas etárias jovens e a identificação de indicadores de risco tradicionais para NCI nesta população sugerem que fatores microbiológicos ou a susceptibilidade para a exposição de fatores ambientais possam ser considerados fatores-chave para a alta ocorrência encontrada nesta população. / The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, extent and severity of clinical attachment loss (CAL); and to investigate the associations between demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral risk indicators with CAL in an untreated isolated population in Brazil. METHODS: All subjects aged 12 years forward were selected by a census. They were submitted to a full-mouth clinical examination of six sites per tooth and were interviewed using a structured written questionnaire. RESULTS: Among the 214 subjects who were interviewed and clinical examined, CAL >= 5mm was observed in 8%, 37%, 70%, 83%, and 100% of the dentate subjects, depending on age; while the age dependent prevalence of CAL >= 7mm was 5%, 8% 20%, 67% and 83%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified amount of plaque (OR=2.8), thresholds of supragingival calculus (OR=2.9-10.6), age (OR=11.4) and smoking (OR=2.4) as risk indicators for CAL >= 5mm, and smoking (OR=8.2) for CAL >= 7mm. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that CAL is highly prevalent in this isolated population. The high prevalence of CAL in young age groups and the observation of traditional risk indicators for CAL in this population suggest microbiological factors or host susceptibility to be key factors explaining the high levels of CAL found in this population.

Este estudo foi resultado da parceira entre as Disciplinas de Odontopediatria da FOUSP e de Nutrologia do Departamento de Pediatria da UNIFESP – Escola Paulista de Medicina –, fazendo parte do Projeto ECCCHOS (Estudos Clínicos sobre Crescimento, Comportamento, Hipertensão Arterial, Obesidade e Saúde Bucal). O objetivo do estudo foi investigar os indicadores de risco para cárie dentária em adolescentes residentes no município de São Paulo. Participaram deste estudo 230 adolescentes entre 15 e 19 anos de idade de uma escola pública do bairro da Vila Mariana. Primeiramente, foi realizado um questionário com os pais e adolescentes, obtendo informações do contexto familiar, dos hábitos alimentares e de comportamento. Para a classificação nutricional dos adolescentes, foi realizada avaliação antropométrica por nutricionistas da Disciplina de Nutrologia da UNIFESP. A avaliação odontológica foi executada por duas cirurgiãs-dentistas, previamente padronizadas, segundo as recomendações da OMS (1999). A análise quantitativa da dieta foi realizada pelas nutricionistas com base no registro alimentar de 3 dias, preenchidos pelos adolescentes, avaliando a ingestão de carboidratos, calorias totais e lipídeos, por meio do software “Programa de Apoio à Nutrição – NUTWIN 2002, versão 1.5 DIS – UNIFESP/EPM. A partir desse mesmo registro alimentar, foram calculados pela pesquisadora o número médio de refeições consumidas, a média de refeições contendo sacarose e o consumo médio de salgadinhos e refrigerantes normais e light/diet. Realizaram-se também exames laboratoriais de sangue para as dosagens de triglicérides, e colesterol total e frações. Os resultados foram tabulados e dicotomizados na mediana ou valor de risco. O CPO-D foi dicotomizado em baixo (< 5) e alto (> 5). Cerca de 29,57% dos adolescentes apresentavam-se sem lesões de cárie. O CPO-D médio encontrado foi 5,86. Os resultados foram analisados primeiramente por meio do teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou teste exato de Fisher e da regressão logística, obtendo odds ratio e intervalos de confiança. A seguir foi realizada a análise dos indicadores de risco através da regressão logística múltipla com o procedimento “backward stepwise". Conclui-se que os indicadores de risco de alto índice CPO-D entre os adolescentes pesquisados foram: o nível de escolaridade da mãe até fundamental incompleto (OR = 3,05 [IC95% (OR) = 1,15 – 8,07]); idade do adolescente igual ou superior a 17 anos (OR = 2,19 [IC95% (OR) = 1,24 – 3,87]); e o fato de ser sobrepeso (OR = 2,23 [IC95% (OR) = 1,04 – 4,75]). Os adolescentes que escovavam os dentes duas ou três vezes ao dia, apresentaram menor chance de terem alto índice CPO-D quando comparados com aqueles que higienizam uma vez ou menos ao dia (OR = 0,30 [IC 95% (OR) = 0,13 – 0,68] e (OR = 0,32 [IC 95% (OR) = 0,15 – 0,68] respectivamente); e, aqueles que foram ao cirurgião-dentista há mais de um ano, apresentaram menor chance de terem lesão de cárie quando comparados com aqueles que durante o último ano (OR = 0,62 [IC 95% (OR) = 0,35 – 1,09]). / This study is the result of a partnership between the Pediatrics Department of the University of São Paulo and the Nutrology Department at the Federal University of São Paulo,UNIFESP-EPM. It is part of a larger study called ECCCHCOS (Clinical study on growth, behavior, hypertension, obesity, and oral health). The aim of this study was to examine the risk indicators for dental caries among adolescents living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. 230 adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age from a public school located in the neighborhood of Vila Mariana participated in this study. First, a questionnaire was administered to parents and adolescents, gathering information on the family’s socioeconomic background, and on adolescents’ behavior and eating habits. Nutritionists from the Department of Nutrology at UNIFESP-EPM, weighed and measured the adolescents and performed the nutritional classification of participants. Dental examination was performed by two trained dentists, in accordance with WHO guidelines (1999). The quantitative, dietary evaluation of adolescents was carried out by the nutritionists, who assessed total intake of carbohydrates, lipids and calories, by examining the three-day diet/food records that adolescents kept, with the help of the NUTWIN 2002 software (Version 1.5, UNIFESP-EPM). The dental researcher also analyzed these records in order to evaluate the mean number of meals consumed, the mean number of meals containing sugar, and the mean consumption of chips and regular and diet softdrinks. Blood examination looking at the level of triglycerides and total cholesterol and its fractions was also performed. Results were tabulated and dichotomized, using median values or risk factors as cut-off points. The DMF-T was categorized into high (> 5) and low (< 5) values. 29.57% of the adolescents were caries-free. The mean DMF-T was 5.86. The results were first analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square or Fisher’s Exact tests and multiple regressions, to obtain odds-ratios and confidence intervals. Analysis of the risk factors were next obtained through logistic multiple regression and backward stepwise analysis. Results indicate that risk factors for dental caries among study participants were: mother’s low level of education (OR=3.05 [CI 95% (OR) = 1.15 – 8.07]); adolescent’s age being 17 years or higher (OR=2.19 [CI 95% (OR) = 1.24 – 3.87]); and being overweight (OR=2.23 [CI 95% (OR) = 1.04 – 4.75]). Adolescents who reported brushing their teeth two or three times a day were less likely to have high DMF-T scores as compared to those who brushed their teeth only once a day (OR = 0.30 [CI 95% (OR) = 0.13 – 0.68] and (OR = 0.32 [CI 95% (OR) = 0.15 – 0.68] respectively); and, those who most recently visited the dentists more than one year ago showed higher probability of being caries-free when compared to those who visited the dentist within the last twelve months (OR = 0,62 [CI 95% (OR) = 0,35 – 1,09]).

by Ma Suk Ling. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-129). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Publications --- p.vi / Abbreviations --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Epidemiology of AD --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Clinical and pathological features of AD --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Clinical features of AD --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2. --- Pathological features of AD --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Diagnosis of AD --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Classification of AD --- p.5 / Chapter 1.5 --- Causes of AD --- p.5 / Chapter 1.6 --- Risk factors --- p.5 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Age --- p.5 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Family history --- p.6 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Genetics --- p.6 / Chapter 1.6.3.1 --- Autosomal dominant mutations --- p.6 / Chapter 1.6.3.2 --- Genotypes of Apolipoprotein E --- p.6 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Environmental factors --- p.7 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Pathology in Alzheimer's disease --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- Overview of Alzheimer's disease pathology --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- Amyloid plaques --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Amyloid precursor protein --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Processing ofAPP --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Amyloid β (Aβ) --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- APP mutations and AD --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- Neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Tau --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Tau mutation and neurodegeneration --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4 --- Hypotheses for AD pathology --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Amyloid cascade hypothesis --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Inflammatory hypothesis --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4.2.1 --- Microglia and astrocytes --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.2.2 --- Inflammatory cytokines --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4.2.3 --- Inflammation and AD --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- ApoE hypothesis --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4.3.1 --- Apolipoprotein E --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4.3.2 --- ApoE and AD --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5 --- Theory towards the pathology of AD --- p.30 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- ApoE genotyping --- p.32 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Patients and control subjects --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Blood sampling --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- DNA genotyping --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.35 / Chapter 3.. --- Discussion --- p.38 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- IL-1β polymorphism in relation to the risk of ADin Chinese --- p.39 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Patients and control subjects --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Blood sampling --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- DNA genotyping --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.48 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.48 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.53 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- TNFα polymorphism in relation to the risk of ADin Chinese --- p.63 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.63 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.66 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Patients and control subjects --- p.66 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Blood sampling --- p.66 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- DNA genotyping --- p.66 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Haplotype determination --- p.70 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.70 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.70 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.75 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- LRP8 polymorphism in relation to the risk of ADin Chinese --- p.81 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.81 / Chapter 6.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.87 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Patients and control subjects --- p.87 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Blood sampling --- p.87 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- DNA genotyping --- p.87 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.89 / Chapter 6.3 --- Results --- p.91 / Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion --- p.98 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusions and prospects for future work --- p.102 / Chapter 7.1 --- Conclusion --- p.102 / Chapter 7.2 --- Prospects for future work --- p.105 / Reference --- p.106

Neospora caninum é um protozoário do filo Apicomplexa que causa infecções associadas com aborto, mortalidade neonatal e alterações neurológicas em várias espécies animais. O cão desempenha papel fundamental na epidemiologia da neosporose por ser o hospedeiro definitivo deste protozoário. A prevalência de anticorpos para este protozoário em cães tem sido avaliada em vários países, inclusive no Brasil, com índices que variam de 4,8% a 45%. O presente trabalho objetivou verificar a prevalência de anticorpos classe IgG para Neospora caninum em cães e os fatores de risco na área urbana do município de Porto Alegre- RS, utilizando a Técnica de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e aplicação de questionário epidemiológico com os responsáveis pelos animai. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos, animais domiciliados, errantes e de criatórios comerciais. A freqüência de anticorpos foi de 13,84% (36/260) de amostras positivas nas 260 amostras analisadas. Os títulos sorológicos observados variaram de 50 (44%) a 3200 (3%). Os dados obtidos no questionário foram analisados pelo Teste Exato de Fisher, e observou-se associação entre a positividade e os fatores alimentação e acesso a rua, com maior positividade para os animais que tinham acesso a rua (p<0.001) e recebiam alimentados com comida caseira. Os fatores idade, sexo e contato direto com outros cães não apresentaram diferença significativa em relação à positividade dos animais. Este estudo demonstra que o N. caninum está presente em cães da área urbana de Porto Alegre, necessitando de mais estudos nessa população que esclareçam os fatores de risco ao protozoário. / Neospora caninum is a protozoan of phylum Apicomplexa which causes infections associated with abortion, neonatal mortality and neurological changes in several animal species. Dogs play key role in the epidemiology of neosporosis for being the definitive host of this protozoan. The prevalence of antibodies to this protozoan in dogs has been assessed in several countries, including Brazil, with rates ranging from 4.8% to 45%. This work had as its main objective to verify the prevalence of IgG class antibodies to Neospora caninum in dogs and the risk factors in the urban area of the municipality of Porto Alegre-RS using the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) and applying an epidemiological questionnaire with those responsible for the animals. Animals were divided into three groups, domestic (pets) and wandering animals and those from commercial breeders. The frequency of antibodies was 13.84% (36/260) of positive samples in 260 samples which were analyzed. The serological titles observed varied from 50 (44%) to 3200 (3%). The data obtained in the questionnaire were analyzed by Fisher Exact Test, and some association between the positivity of IFAT and factors such as food and access to the street were observed. There was greater positivity for animals which had access to street (p < 0,001) and were fed with homemade food. Factors such as age, sex and direct contact with other animals have not showed any significant difference in relation to the positivity of the animals. This study demonstrates that Neospora caninum is present in dogs of the urban area of Porto Alegre which requires more studies in such population to clarify the risk factors to the protozoan.

Orientadores: Lúcia Helena Simões da Costa Paiva, Luiz Francisco Cintra Baccaro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-02T17:11:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Noronha_LuizaBorgesAguiar_M.pdf: 3246005 bytes, checksum: 70977d98ee3c6505ebb8300497e4fda9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional no Brasil está atualmente entre os mais acelerados do mundo. Com o aumento da expectativa de vida e do número de idosos, a qualidade de vida desses anos vividos a mais consiste em uma importante preocupação, e está relacionada com a incapacidade funcional e a presença de multimorbidades que acometem essa população em envelhecimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de incapacidade funcional e sua associação com multimorbidades em mulheres brasileiras com 50 anos ou mais. Sujeitos e Métodos: Realizou-se uma análise secundária de estudo de corte transversal de base populacional com 622 mulheres com idade igual ou superior a 50 anos, conduzido de 10 de maio a 31 de outubro de 2011, no município de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. A amostragem foi realizada através do sorteio de sessenta e seis setores censitários de Campinas, de acordo com uma lista fornecida pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), por amostragem aleatória simples ou probabilidade igual de seleção. Um questionário contendo sete itens para avaliar capacidade funcional foi aplicado pessoalmente ou por telefone por entrevistadoras treinadas. A incapacidade funcional foi definida pela incapacidade de realizar pelo menos um dos sete ítens. Também foram avaliados auto-percepção da saúde, fatores sócio-demográficos, multimorbidades e condições de saúde. A variável dependente foi definida como não ser capaz de realizar qualquer um dos sete itens. As variáveis independentes foram auto-percepção de saúde, dados sócio-demográficos, hábitos e problemas relacionados à saúde. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste do qui-quadrado e regressão de Poisson. Resultados: A media de idade foi de 64.1 anos e a prevalência de incapacidade funcional foi de 43.4%. Idade (PR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01¿1.03; p=0.017), medo de cair (PR 1.59; 95% CI 1.17¿2.16; p=0.003), IMC elevado (PR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01¿1.05; p=0.003), antecedente de infarto (PR 1.36; 95% CI 1.06¿1.76; p=0.017), fumar mais de 15 cigarros/dia (PR 1.34; 95% CI 1.04¿1.72; p=0.023), internação hospitalar nos últimos 12 meses (PR 1.29; 95% CI 1.03¿1.62; p=0.027), multimorbidade (PR 1.43; 95% CI 1.02¿2.02; p=0.039) e uso de medicação prescrita pelo médico (PR 1.57; 95% CI 1.02¿2.41; p=0.042) estiveram associados à maior prevalência incapacidade funcional. Auto-perceção de saúde boa/muito boa (PR 0.67; 95% CI 0.52¿0.86; p=0.002); uso de tratamentos alternativos (PR 0.54; 95% CI 0.33¿0.90; p=0.018) e maior escolaridade (PR 0.65; 95% CI 0.45¿0.93; p=0.020) estiveram associados à uma menor prevalência de incapacidade funcional. Conclusões: A prevalência de incapacidade funcional foi alta e esteve associada à idade avançada, às multimorbidades e suas consequências. Palavras chaves: capacidade funcional, mulheres, multimorbidades, fatores de risco, menopausa, fatores de risco / Abstract: The aging of the Brazilian population is currently one of the fastest growing in the world. With the increase of life expectancy and the number of elderly, the quality of life of these extra years consists in an important concern, and is related with disabilities and the presence of multimorbidities that affect this population during the aging process. The goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalance of limitations in functional capacity and it¿s assosiation with multimorbidities in brazilian women over 50 years of age. This is secondary analysis of a cross-sectional population with 622 women over 50 years of age, conducted from the 10th of May to the 31st of October of 2011, in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Based on a list supplied by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), and classified according to the identification number of each sector, a total of 66 census sectors in Campinas were used to select the population with random sampling or equal probabilities of section. A questionnaire containing seven items was implemented in person or by telephone by trained interviewers. The dependant variable, disability, was defined by the incapacity to realize at least one of the seven items. Self-perception of health, sociodemographic data, health-related habits and problems were also evaluated as independente variables. The statistical analysis was carried out by chi-square test and Poisson regression using the backward selection criteria. The average age was 64.1 years old and the prevalence of limited functional capacity was 43.4%. Age (PR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01¿1.03; p=0.017), fear of falling (PR 1.59; 95% CI 1.17¿2.16; p=0.003), having a higher BMI (PR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01¿1.05; p=0.003), personal history of heart attack (PR 1.36; 95% CI 1.06¿1.76; p=0.017), smoking more than fifteen cigarettes a day (PR 1.34; 95% CI 1.04¿1.72; p=0.023), having been admitted to a hospital in the last 12 months (PR 1.29; 95% CI 1.03¿1.62; p=0.027), multimorbidity (PR 1.43; 95% CI 1.02¿2.02; p=0.039) and use of any medication prescribed by a doctor (PR 1.57; 95% CI 1.02¿2.41; p=0.042) were associated with a higher prevalence of disability. Self-perception of health as good/very good (PR 0.67; 95% CI 0.52¿0.86; p=0.002); use of alternative medications (PR 0.54; 95% CI 0.33¿0.90; p=0.018) and having more years of schooling (PR 0.65; 95% CI 0.45¿0.93; p=0.020) were associated with a lower prevalence of disability. The prevalence of functional limitation was high and associated with aging as well as multimorbidity and it¿s consequences. Key words: disability evaluation, women, multimorbidity, menopause, risk factors, life style / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Ginecológica / Mestra em Ciências da Saúde

Cheung Shu Yan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-137). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract (English) --- p.i / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Contents --- p.v / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Epidemiology of Breast Cancer --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in Females --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Incidence and Morality of Female Breast Cancer in Hong Kong --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in Males --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Risk Factors for Female Breast Cancer --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Genetic Risk Factors --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Hormonal Risk Factors --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2.1 --- Endogenous Hormonal Risk Factors --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.2.2 --- Exogenous Hormonal Risk Factors --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Other Environmental Risk Factors --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3 --- Oncogenetic Basis of Female Breast Cancer --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4 --- Hormonal Basis of Female Breast Cancer --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Mechanisms of Hormone Action --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.1.1 --- Estrogen and Progesterone --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.1.2 --- Prolactin --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Hormonal Regulation of Normal Breast Development --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Hormonal Regulation of Breast Carcinogensis and Its Subsequent Progression --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.3.1 --- Androgen --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.3.2 --- Estrogen --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.3.3 --- Progesterone --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.3.4 --- Prolactin --- p.22 / Chapter 1.5 --- Animal Models for Breast Cancer --- p.23 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Mouse Models --- p.24 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Rat Models --- p.25 / Chapter 1.5.2.1 --- Carcinogen Induced Rat Models --- p.26 / Chapter 1.5.2.2 --- Hormone Induced Rat Models --- p.28 / Chapter 1.5.2.3 --- Spontaneously Developed Rat Models --- p.31 / Chapter 1.6 --- Aims of Study --- p.34 / Tables and Figures --- p.35 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 2.1 --- Origin and Supply of Noble Rats --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2 --- Supply of Materials --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3 --- Induction of Mammary Tumors by Singe Dose of Chemical Carcinogens in Female Rats --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Induction by 7，12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in Female Noble Rats --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Induction by N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea in Female Sprague- Dawley Rats --- p.38 / Chapter 2.4 --- Induction of Mammary Tumors by Long-Term Treatments with Steroid Hormone --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Preparation of Steroid Hormone-filled Silastic® Tubings --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Surgical Implantation of Silastic® Tubings --- p.40 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Protocols of Hormonal Treatments --- p.40 / Chapter 2.5 --- Collection of Spontaneously Developed Mammary Tumors in Noble Rats --- p.41 / Chapter 2.6 --- Transplantation of Spontaneously Developed Mammary Tumors into Noble Rats --- p.41 / Chapter 2.7 --- Bilateral Ovariectomy of Female Noble Rats bearing Spontaneously Developed Mammary Tumors --- p.42 / Chapter 2.8 --- Measurement of Mammary Tumor Growth --- p.43 / Chapter 2.9 --- Whole Mount Preparation of the Hormone-Treated Mammary Glands in Noble Rats --- p.44 / Chapter 2.10 --- Histological Examination of Mammary Gland and Tumors in Noble Rats --- p.45 / Chapter 2.11 --- Detection of Protein Expression of Hormone Receptors in Normal Mammary Glands and Mammary Tumors of Noble Rats --- p.45 / Chapter 2.11.1 --- Antibodies --- p.45 / Chapter 2.11.2 --- Immunohistochemistry --- p.47 / Chapter 2.11.3 --- "Protein extraction, SDS-PAGE and western blotting analysis" --- p.48 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Gross Appearance of Mammary Tumors --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2 --- Incidence Rate of Mammary Tumors --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Spontaneously Developed Mammary Tumors in Noble Rats --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Hormone Induced Mammary Tumors in Female Noble Rats --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- DMBA Induced Mammary Tumors in Female Noble Rats --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- NMU Induced Mammary Tumors in Female SD Rats --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3 --- Histology of Normal and Lactating Mammary Glands in Female Noble Rats --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4 --- Histopathology of Mammary Tumors --- p.55 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Histopathology of Spontaneously Developed Mammary Tumors in Noble Rats --- p.55 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Histopathology of Hormone Induced Mammary Tumors in Female Noble Rats --- p.59 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Histopathology of DMBA Induced Mammary Tumors in Female Noble Rats --- p.60 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Histopathology of NMU Induced Mammary Tumors in Female SD Rat --- p.60 / Chapter 3.5 --- Whole Mount Preparation of Mammary Glands under Hormonal Treatments --- p.61 / Chapter 3.6 --- Effects of Bilateral Ovariectomy on the Growth of Spontaneously Developed Mammary Tumors --- p.61 / Chapter 3.7 --- Transplanability of the Spontaneously Developed Mammary Tumors in Noble Rats --- p.62 / Chapter 3.8 --- Examination of the Malignancy of Mammary Tumors by Immunohistochemical analysis of Epithelial Keratin Expression --- p.62 / Chapter 3.9 --- Immunohistochemical Analysis of Expression and Localization of Hormone Receptor Protein in Normal and Neoplastic Mammary Tissues of Female Noble Rats --- p.63 / Chapter 3.9.1 --- Expression and Localization of Hormone Receptors in Control Tissue --- p.63 / Chapter 3.9.2 --- Expression and Localization of Estrogen Receptor α --- p.64 / Chapter 3.9.3 --- Expression and Localization of Estrogen Receptor β --- p.65 / Chapter 3.9.4 --- Expression and Localization of Progesterone Receptor --- p.65 / Chapter 3.9.5 --- Expression and Localization of Androgen Receptor --- p.66 / Chapter 3.9.6 --- Expression and Localization of Prolactin Receptor --- p.66 / Chapter 3.10 --- Western Blot Analysis of Expression of Hormone Receptor Proteins in Normal and Neoplastic Mammary Tissues of Female Noble Rats - --- p.67 / Chapter 3.10.1 --- Expression of Estrogen Receptor α --- p.67 / Chapter 3.10.2 --- Expression of Estrogen Receptorβ --- p.68 / Chapter 3.10.3 --- Expression of Progesterone Receptor --- p.68 / Chapter 3.10.4 --- Expression of Androgen Receptor --- p.69 / Chapter 3.10.5 --- Expression of Prolactin Receptor --- p.69 / Figures and Tables --- p.71 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussions / Chapter 4.1 --- Comparison of the Incidence Rate of Spontaneously developed Mammary Tumors in Noble Rats with the Previously Reported Incidence Rate --- p.102 / Chapter 4.2 --- Comparison of the Incidence rate of Spontaneously Developed Mammary Tumors in Noble Rats with the Incidence Rate in Other Rat Strains --- p.103 / Chapter 4.3 --- Crucial Factors Influencing the Incidence Rate of Spontaneously Developed Mammary Tumors in Noble Rats --- p.104 / Chapter 4.4 --- Comparison of the T+E2 Induced Mammary Tumors with the T+DES Induced Mammary Tumors in Female Noble Rats --- p.105 / Chapter 4.5 --- Comparison of the Incidence Rate & Latency Period of the Hormone Induced Mammary Tumors in Noble Rats with the Previously Reported Data --- p.106 / Chapter 4.6 --- Comparison of the Phenotypic Behaviors in Spontaneously Developed Mammary Tumors with the Hormone Induced Mammary Tumors in Female Noble Rats --- p.107 / Chapter 4.7 --- Comparison of the Behaviors of Carcinogen Induced Mammary Tumors with Spontaneously Developed & Hormone Induced Mammary Tumors in Female Noble Rats --- p.109 / Chapter 4.8 --- "Comparison of Expression Patterns of Hormone Receptor Proteins in Spontaneously Developed, Hormone Induced & Carcinogen Induced Mammary Tumors in Female Noble Rats" --- p.111 / Chapter 4.9 --- "Expressions of ERα & ERβ Proteins in Spontaneously Developed, Hormone Induced and Carcinogen Induced Mammary Tumors in Female Noble Rats" --- p.112 / Chapter 4.10 --- "Expressions of PR Proteins in Spontaneously Developed, Hormone Induced and Carcinogen Induced Mammary Tumors in Female Noble Rats" --- p.115 / Chapter 4.11 --- "Expressions of AR Proteins in Spontaneously Developed, Hormone Induced and Carcinogen Induced Mammary Tumors in Female Noble Rats" --- p.116 / Chapter 4.12 --- "Expressions of PRLR Proteins in Spontaneously Developed, Hormone Induced and Carcinogen Induced Mammary Tumors in Female Noble Rats" --- p.120 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusions --- p.123 / References --- p.124

Submitted by Fabíola Silva (fabiola.silva@famerp.br) on 2016-06-21T19:17:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tairinezaralopes_dissert.pdf: 1511634 bytes, checksum: 2203122e0b39cf1687115059c3e19447 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-21T19:17:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tairinezaralopes_dissert.pdf: 1511634 bytes, checksum: 2203122e0b39cf1687115059c3e19447 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-29 / Introduction: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system and has been presenting continuous increase in the last years. Studies suggest that folate deficiency in the body decrease DNA repair, resulting in malignant cells changes that alter expression of genes, and may induce several kinds of cancer development. Polymorphisms in genes involved in folate pathway have been investigated as risk factors for susceptibility to cancer, among them MTHFR, MTR, RFC1 and CßS. Objectives: To investigate association of polymorphisms in the MTHFR (C677T), MTR (A2756G), RFC1 (A80G) and CßS (844ins68) genes in risk thyroid cancer in a case-control study; to evaluate the association of polymorphisms with gender, age, alcohol and tobacco consumption, body-mass index in thyroid cancer development; and to evaluated the association between polymorphisms and clinical-histopathological parameters. Methods: This study included 462 individuals (151 patients with thyroid cancer and 311 controls). The peripheral blood was collected and genomic DNA was extracted. The MTHFR (C677T), MTR (A2756G) and RFC1 (A80G) were evaluated by PCR-RFLP and CßS (844ins68) by conventional PCR without enzymatic digestion. For statistical analysis chi-square and multiple logistic regression were used. Results: The results showed that MTHFR C677T (OR=2.87, 95% CI=1.50-5.48, p< 0.01, codominant model), (OR=1.76, 95% CI=1.18-2.64, p< 0.01, dominant model), (OR=2.37, 95% CI=1.28-4.39, p< 0.01, recessive model) and RFC1 A80G (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.02-2.38; p=0.04, recessive model) were associated with thyroid cancer. The alcohol (OR=1.56, 95% CI=1.36-1.89, p< 0.01) and tobacco consumption (OR=1.97, 95% CI=1.28-3.04, p< 0.01) were statistically significant, being associated with increased risk. The MTR A2756G is associated with tumor extension (OR=2.69, 95% CI=1.27-5.71, p< 0.01) and aggressiveness (OR= 4.51, 95% CI=1.67-12.1, p< 0.01). Conclusions: The MTHFR (C677T) and RFC1 (A80G) polymorphisms were involved in risk for thyroid cancer. Additionally, alcohol and tobacco consumption increase risk for disease development. / Introdução: O câncer de tireoide é a neoplasia maligna mais comum do sistema endócrino e vem apresentando contínuo aumento nos últimos anos. Estudos sugerem que a deficiência de folato no organismo diminui a reparação do DNA, resultando em alterações celulares malignas que modulam a expressão gênica, podendo levar ao desenvolvimento de vários tipos de câncer. Polimorfismos em genes envolvidos na via do folato têm sido investigados como fatores de risco para suscetibilidade ao câncer, entre eles, polimorfismos nos genes MTHFR, MTR, RFC1 e CßS. Objetivos: Investigar a associação dos polimorfismos nos genes MTHFR (C677T), MTR (A2756G), RFC1 (A80G) e CßS (844ins68) no risco de câncer de tireoide em um estudo caso-controle; Avaliar a associação dos polimorfismos com o gênero, idade, consumo de álcool e tabaco, índice de massa corpórea (IMC) no desenvolvimento do câncer de tireoide; Avaliar a associação entre os polimorfismos e os parâmetros clínico-histopatológicos do câncer de tireoide. Casuística e Método: Este estudo incluiu 462 indivíduos (151 pacientes com câncer de tireoide e 311 indivíduos controles). Foi coletado sangue periférico e extraído o DNA genômico. Os polimorfismos MTHFR (C677T), MTR (A2756G) e RFC1 (A80G) foram avaliados por meio da PCR-RFLP e o polimorfismo CßS (844ins68) foi analisado por PCR convencional sem corte enzimático. Para análise estatística utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado e regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que os polimorfismos MTHFR C677T (OR=2.87, 95% IC=1.50-5.48, p< 0.01, modelo codominante), (OR=1.76, 95% IC=1.18-2.64, p< 0.01, modelo dominante), (OR=2.37, 95% IC=1.28-4.39, p< 0.01, modelo recessivo) e RFC1 A80G (OR: 1.55; 95% IC: 1.02-2.38; p=0.04, modelo recessivo) estão associados ao câncer de tireoide. O consumo de álcool (OR=1.56, 95% IC=1.36-1.89, p< 0.01) e tabaco (OR=1.97, 95% IC=1.28-3.04, p< 0.01) foram estatisticamente significantes, sendo associados ao aumento do risco. O polimorfismo MTR A2756G está associado à extensão do tumor (OR=2.69, 95% IC=1.27-5.71, p< 0.01) e à agressividade (OR= 4.51, 95% IC=1.67-12.1, p< 0.01). Conclusões: Os polimorfismos MTHFR (C677T) e RFC1 (A80G) estão envolvidos no risco de câncer de tireoide. Adicionalmente, o consumo de álcool e tabaco aumenta o risco de desenvolvimento da doença.

Submitted by Fabíola Silva (fabiola.silva@famerp.br) on 2017-09-29T14:01:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 anavitoriadascamargo_dissert.pdf: 2267502 bytes, checksum: 7b4d6187bc2712721b24d6875f2fc823 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T14:01:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anavitoriadascamargo_dissert.pdf: 2267502 bytes, checksum: 7b4d6187bc2712721b24d6875f2fc823 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo - FAPESP / Introduction: Toxoplasmosis, a disease resulting from Toxoplasma gondii infection, is clinically manifested through ocular, cerebral and congenital ways. This pararsito Apicomplexa is capable of infecting cells of all nucleated tissues and may remain in a latent state or cause irreversible cell damage. The HLA class II genes control the adaptive immune response humoral and influence susceptibility and the resistance to infectious and parasitic diseases. The ocular toxoplasmosis, besides being dependent on infection with T. gondii as well as the variability of the infecting strain, is influenced by host genetic factors. Aim: To test the hypothesis that the HLA class II genes (HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1) are associated with ocular toxoplasmosis. Materials and Methods: Samples of 249 patients undergoing ophthalmologic evaluation and positive serology to T. gondii were analyzed. According to the clinical conditions, two distinct groups were composed: one formed by patients with ocular toxoplasmosis (n=123); and another group with patients without the disease ocular form (n=126). The patients with ocular toxoplasmosis were subdivided into two groups, according to the type of ocular manifestation: primary (n=93 samples) or recurrent (n=30). Genotyping of Class II HLA alleles were performed by the polymerase chain reaction technique with specific oligonucleotide sequence (PCR-SSO; One Lambda®). Results: The average ages of the group of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis was less (40.9±19.9) than the average age of patients without ocular toxoplasmosis (57.6±17.2) (p<0.0001).The alleles HLA-DRB1*03 (OR=1,94; IC 95% 1.09-3.45; p=0.031; pc=0.404) and HLA-DQB1*02 (OR=1.52; IC 95% 1.03-2.24; p=0.039; pc=0.197) showed a more allelic frequency in patients without ocular toxoplasmosis when compared to the group with ocular toxoplasmosis. The HLA-DRB1*14 alelle was more frequent in the subgroup of the recurrent manifestation, when compared to the group without ocular toxoplasmosis (OR=0.32; IC 95% 0.12-0.83; p=0.032; pc=0.417) and to the primary manifestation subgroup (OR=0.25; IC95% 0.08-0.73; p=0.017; pc=0.223). The HLA-DRB1*03_DQB1*02 haplotype was not associated with the lower risk of ocular toxoplasmosis (OR=1.86; IC 95%: 1.03-3.36; p=0.052). Conclusions: The obtained results suggest that the Class II HLA genes (DRB1 and DQB1) are not associated with the ocular toxoplasmosis development; and that none HLA DRB1_DQB1 haplotype influences the ocular toxoplasmosis development in the study population. / Introdução: A toxoplasmose, uma doença resultante da infecção por Toxoplasma gondii, manifesta-se clinicamente nas formas ocular, cerebral e congênita. Este parasito Apicomplexa infecta células nucleadas de todos os tecidos e pode permanecer em estado latente ou provocar danos celulares irreversíveis. Os genes HLA de classe II controlam a resposta imune adaptativa humoral e influenciam a suscetibilidade e a resistência às doenças infecciosas e parasitárias. A toxoplasmose ocular, além de ser dependente da infecção por T. gondii e da variabilidade das cepas infectantes, é fortemente influenciada por fatores genéticos do hospedeiro. Objetivo: Testar a hipótese de que os genes HLA de classe II (HLA-DRB1 e HLA-DQB1) estão associados à toxoplasmose ocular. Materiais e Métodos: Foram analisadas amostras de DNA de 249 indivíduos submetidos à avaliação oftalmológica e com sorologia reagente para T. gondii. De acordo como quadro clínico, dois grupos distintos foram compostos: um formado por pacientes com toxoplasmose ocular (n=123) e outro grupo, por pacientes sem a forma ocular da doença (n=126). Os pacientes com toxoplasmose ocular foram subdivididos em dois grupos de acordo com o tipo de manifestação ocular: primária (n=93) ou recorrente (n=30). A genotipagem dos alelos HLA de classe II foi realizada pela técnica reação da cadeia de polimerase com sequência de oligonucleotídeos específicos (PCR-SSO; One Lambda®). Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes com toxoplasmose ocular foi menor (40.9±19.9) que a daqueles sem toxoplasmose ocular (57.6±17.2) (p<0.0001). Os alelos HLA-DRB1*03 (OR=1,94; IC 95% 1.09-3.45; p=0.031; pc=0.404) e HLA-DQB1*02 (OR=1.52; IC 95% 1.03-2.24; p=0.039; pc=0.197) apresentaram maior frequência alélica no grupo sem toxoplasmose ocular em comparação ao grupo com toxoplasmose ocular. O alelo HLA-DRB1*14 foi mais frequente no subgrupo com a manifestação recorrente em comparação ao grupo sem toxoplasmose ocular (OR=0.32; IC 95% 0.12-0.83; p=0.032; pc=0.417) e com o subgrupo manifestação primária (OR=0.25; IC95% 0.08-0.73; p=0.017; pc=0.223). O haplótipo HLA-DRB1*03_DQB1*02 não se mostrou associado ao menor risco de toxoplasmose ocular (OR=1.86; IC 95%: 1.03-3.36; p=0.052). Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os genes HLA de classe II (DRB1 e DQB1) não estão associados com o desenvolvimento da toxoplasmose ocular e que nenhum haplótipo HLA DRB1_DQB1 influencia o desenvolvimento desta doença na população analisada.