Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Anthropologie sociale et ethnologie--Paris--EHESS, 2006. / Bibliogr. des oeuvres de P. Rivet p. 683-702.

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Die Entwicklung des heutigen Karosseriebaus schreitet ständig voran. Widerstandspunktgeschweißte Stahlkarosserien stellen gegenwärtig noch immer den Standard in der Automobilindustrie dar. Die Weiterentwicklung zu hochfesten Stahlsorten ermöglicht eine erste Gewichtsreduzierung. Als das immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnende Aluminium in diesem Bereich vordrang, blieb es nicht aus, sich mit neuen Materialpaarungen wie Aluminium-Aluminium (Al-Al) und im Mischbau Aluminium-Stahl (Al-St) auseinanderzusetzen. Durch die gestiegene Anforderung im Crashtest müssen auch diese neuen Karosserien immer höhere Festigkeitskennwerte und ein besseres Energieaufnahmevermögen erreichen. Für das Fügen der neuen Werkstoffkombinationen aus Al-Al, Al-St bzw. Aluminium mit hochfestem Stahl, soll die Prozessstabilität des in Zukunft immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnenden Nietclinchens, aufgezeigt werden. Diese Dissertation soll die Vorteile des Verfahrens Nietclinchen gegenüber herkömmlichen Fügeverfahren aufzeigen. Neue Version des Dokuments ergaenzt um Zusammenfassung und Anhang. / The development of the body in white constantly steps forward. Steel bodys joined by spot welding still are standard in the automobile industry. The advancement in the sector of high performance steel makes a reduction in weight possible. When aluminium was getting more important in this sector, it was necessary to think at new material matchings like aluminium-aluminium (Al-Al) and aluminium-steel (AL-St) in the mix construction. Because of rising requirements at crash tests, the bodys have to reach higher data for stability and energy absorption. For the joining process of new material combinations of Al-Al, Al-St and aluminium with high performance steel the operation rivet-clinching will become more important in the future. This dissertation takes a look at the process stability of the rivet-clinching and the advantages in comparison with other joining methods. New version of the document with summary and annex.

The merit of this graduation thesis is to get known with a moulding technology - non rewirable bond to understand principle and design one-purpose riveting machine. To show aknowligement and orientation in literature create a design analyze features and disadvantages types of constuction and be able to assure stability and safety long life of a head frame. Pick up and one another put together suitable working units and be able to interpret the results.

The improvement of static properties of combined rivet and adhesive bonded joints have been proven by several authors [1, 2]. On the other side, dynamic properties of joints (for example fatigue and corrosion) significantly affect final function of structures during their service life. In this thesis, the combine joints created by blind rivets and hyper elastic sealant are solved. Complex description of dynamic properties of this particular combined joining technology has not been publicised, yet. Description of sealant layer influence on stress concentration in rivet hole regions is one of the main goal of this work. The next stage of the thesis is focused on the influence of above mentioned sealant layer on fatigue properties of combined blind rivet and solid countersunk rivet joints. Stress strain analysis of rivet and combined joints done by FE analysis and by experimental optical measurement of strain field proved that hyper elastic sealant layer has a positive effect on decreasing of stress peaks in rivet hole regions. This findings are in direct compliance with fatigue measurement of combined joint (AAPL). The influence of applied sealant in this combined joints improved fatigue properties by twenty percentage increasing of stress to failure in comparison with rivet joints.

Le travail de thèse porte sur la modélisation de la mise en forme et de la tenue mécanique des assemblages par déformation plastique avec comme principale application le rivetage auto-poinçonneur. Dans un premier temps, le développement d'un modèle de comportement, capable de prendre en compte l'ensemble des phénomènes physiques apparaissant lors de la pose du rivet ou de la tenue mécanique du point d'assemblage, est abordé. Le comportement retenu est un comportement élasto-plastique endommageable. Le modèle d'endommagement, basé sur le modèle de Lemaitre et le principe d'équivalence en déformation, a été amélioré afin de prendre en compte l'effet de fermeture des fissures ainsi qu'une limite de triaxialité en dessous de laquelle l'endommagement ne peut plus évoluer. Ce modèle de comportement a alors été implémenté dans la suite logicielle Forge2005®. Afin de s'affranchir du phénomène de localisation, des méthodes d'endommagement non locales ont été introduites. Dans un deuxième temps, la caractérisation des paramètres des lois d'écrouissages et d'endommagement est réalisée en utilisant une méthode d'indentification par analyse inverse basée sur un algorithme évolutionnaire couplé à un méta-modèle. L'ensemble des essais mis en place pour alimenter cet algorithme est abordé de façon précise. Finalement, le modèle numérique développé est utilisé pour simuler le rivetage auto-poinçonneur et la tenue mécanique du point d'assemblage. Pour ce dernier point, un montage ARCAN a été conçu pour solliciter les éprouvettes assemblées en cisaillement, traction ou encore pour des sollicitations mixtes. Les résultats obtenus sont alors comparés avec l'expérience et montrent une bonne corrélation. Le modèle numérique ainsi développé peut également être utilisé pour la majorité des technologies d'assemblage par déformation plastique, mais il constitue également un outil d'aide à l'optimisation de la tenue mécanique, comme cela est illustré en dernière partie de ce travail.

O rebite de repuxo, também conhecido como rebite cego, é um elemento de fixação utilizado em inúmeras aplicações, destacando-se a linha branca, a indústria automotiva e a de esquadrias. O presente trabalho aplica o método QFD para os serviços de uma empresa metalúrgica de conformação a frio de rebites de repuxo, para identificar as necessidades dos clientes e como atendê-las. Tem como objetivo melhorar a qualidade dos serviços envolvidos, possibilitando a elaboração de planos de qualidade que podem transformar as necessidades dos clientes em ações a serem desenvolvidas pela empresa. O modelo conceitual de QFD escolhido para a aplicação desta técnica possibilitou a conclusão de aspectos considerados fundamentais aos clientes, tais como: a agilidade na resolução de problemas com suporte técnico capacitado e formulário para repasse das informações, além de um funcionário responsável por esse cliente e atendimento de forma geral, se tornando um estudo detalhado das necessidades dos serviços prestados pela empresa. / The rivet of drawing, also known as blind rivet, is a setting element which is used in several applications, specially in line products, in the automotive industry and in framing. The present work applies method QFD for services in a metallurgic company of cold shaping of blind rivets, to identify the needs of the customers. It has as objective of improving the quality of the involved services, making possible the elaboration of quality plans which can transform the necessities of the customers into actions to be taken by the company. The conceptual model for the application of this method made possible the conclusion of aspects considered essencial by the customers, such as: the quickness in the resolution of problems with support able technician and form to transference of the information, beyond a responsible employee for this customer and attendance of general form, becoming a detailed study of the needs of the services provided by the company.

Diplomová práce je zaměřena na optimální modelování nýtového spoje pro tři různé konfigurace pomocí metody konečných prvků v programu MSC. Nastran/Patran. Na základě prezentovaných výsledků je možné virtuálně simulovat chování nýtových spojů při zatížení, za účelem správného návrhu před provedením statických pevnostních zkoušek. Použitím těchto MKP simulací v procesu certifikace výrobku lze významně redukovat časovou i finanční náročnost pevnostních zkoušek. Při lepším porozumění chování konstrukce lze také lépe predikovat reálnou únosnost nýtových spojů.

Die Entwicklung des heutigen Karosseriebaus schreitet ständig voran. Widerstandspunktgeschweißte Stahlkarosserien stellen gegenwärtig noch immer den Standard in der Automobilindustrie dar. Die Weiterentwicklung zu hochfesten Stahlsorten ermöglicht eine erste Gewichtsreduzierung. Als das immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnende Aluminium in diesem Bereich vordrang, blieb es nicht aus, sich mit neuen Materialpaarungen wie Aluminium-Aluminium (Al-Al) und im Mischbau Aluminium-Stahl (Al-St) auseinanderzusetzen. Durch die gestiegene Anforderung im Crashtest müssen auch diese neuen Karosserien immer höhere Festigkeitskennwerte und ein besseres Energieaufnahmevermögen erreichen. Für das Fügen der neuen Werkstoffkombinationen aus Al-Al, Al-St bzw. Aluminium mit hochfestem Stahl, soll die Prozessstabilität des in Zukunft immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnenden Nietclinchens, aufgezeigt werden. Diese Dissertation soll die Vorteile des Verfahrens Nietclinchen gegenüber herkömmlichen Fügeverfahren aufzeigen. Neue Version des Dokuments ergaenzt um Zusammenfassung und Anhang. / The development of the body in white constantly steps forward. Steel bodys joined by spot welding still are standard in the automobile industry. The advancement in the sector of high performance steel makes a reduction in weight possible. When aluminium was getting more important in this sector, it was necessary to think at new material matchings like aluminium-aluminium (Al-Al) and aluminium-steel (AL-St) in the mix construction. Because of rising requirements at crash tests, the bodys have to reach higher data for stability and energy absorption. For the joining process of new material combinations of Al-Al, Al-St and aluminium with high performance steel the operation rivet-clinching will become more important in the future. This dissertation takes a look at the process stability of the rivet-clinching and the advantages in comparison with other joining methods. New version of the document with summary and annex.

The main purpose for this paper is to study iron artefacts excavated in the Black Earth harbour district of Birka. This locale, positioned on the island Björkö in Adelsö par. Sweden, is one of the mayor sites in regard to the Scandinavian Viking age. The how and why of the corrosive process will be touched upon. Specifically how archaeological iron interacts with the soil in which it is found, and what can be done to prevent unnecessary decay after excavation. This, in turn, leads to an observation of how methods have changed in regard to the conservation of archaeological iron, from the processes used in the early days of the field, to the more present day with the method utilized in this study. The conservation of said artefacts is for this study accomplished through the use of a conventional chemical method called EDTA. The usability of this method with waterlogged metallic artefacts is tested. The product of the conservation work revealed the objects to be mostly, iron rivets, bolts or nails. Not too surprising when the articles came from an area widely believed to be a harbour. This specific chemical solution proved not to be a sufficient conservation method for the waterlogged metal objects examined in this paper. This was due to the notably hard crust that covered the objects and the structural fragility of the artefacts. Specific analyses of some of the artefacts were undertaken due to the emergence of substantial amounts of depositions in the final steps of the process. Using XRD, XRF and IR-spectroscopy, the depositions were analysed and the result showed that the depositions most likely consists of a blend of non-water-soluble iron phosphates.