Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio University, November, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis(M.S.)--Auburn University, 2005. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references (p.86-89).

Thesis (M.S.)--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-58).

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1980. / Also available in print.

Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία παρουσιάζεται η μελέτη της κατασκευής του οδικού έργου « Κατασκευή οδού Ηγουμενίτσας – Πρέβεζας, βελτίωση κατά τμήματα, υποτμήμα 4: Καρτέρι Γερακάρι – Πάργα από Χ. Θ. 0+000 έως Χ. Θ. 14.937,20 ». Έμφαση δίνεται στο τμήμα όπου παρουσιάζεται το μεγαλύτερο όρυγμα, δηλαδή από Χ.Θ. 2+168,78 έως Χ.Θ. 2+448,78. Σκοπός της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι, μετά την αναλυτική και ολοκληρωμένη παρουσίαση της μελέτης, να γίνει ο προϋπολογισμός του έργου οδοποιίας. / In this paper we study the construction of road project 'Construction of road Igoumenitsa - Preveza, improvement in chambers subsection 4 Karteri Gerakari - Parga by Ch 0 +000 to Ch 14,937.20. " Emphasis is given in section showing the largest trench, by Ch 2+168.78 to Ch 2+448.78. The aim of this thesis is, after detailed and comprehensive presentation of the research to make the budget road construction project.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-10-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:47:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gallis_rba_dr_prud.pdf: 3261376 bytes, checksum: 6967d0b5771ef57a837696cfb04efa2f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Este trabalho propõe uma nova metodologia para extração de rodovias utilizando imagens aéreas digitais. A inovação baseia-se no algoritmo de Programação dinâmica (PD), que nesta metodologia realiza o processo de otimização no espaço objeto, e não no espaço imagem como as metodologias tradicionais de extração de rodovias por PD. A feição rodovia é extraída no espaço objeto, o qual implica um rigoroso modelo matemático, que é necessário para estabelecer os pontos entre o espaço imagem e objeto. Necessita-se que o operador forneça alguns pontos sementes no espaço imagem para descrever grosseiramente a rodovia, e estes pontos devem ser transformados para o espaço objeto para inicialização do processo de otimização por PD. Esta metodologia pode operar em diferentes modos (modo mono e estéreo), e com diversos tipos de imagens, incluindo imagens multisensores. Este trabalho apresenta detalhes da metodologia mono e estéreo e também os experimentos realizados e os resultados obtidos. / This work proposes a novel road extraction methodology from digital images. The innovation is based on the dynamic programming (DP) algorithm to carry out the optimisation process in the object space, instead of doing it in the image space such as the DP traditional methodologies. Road features are traced in the object space, which implies that a rigorous mathematical model is necessary to be established between image and object space points. It is required that the operator measures a few seed points in the image space to describe sparsely and coarsely the roads, which must be transformed into the object space to make possible the initialisation of the DP optimisation process. Although the methodology can operate in different modes (mono-plotting or stereoplotting), and with several image types, including multisensor images, this work presents details of our single and stereo image methodology, along with the experimental results.

Cette recherche est née d'une réalité pratique d'un cabinet d'orthophonie situé au carrefour de déserts médicaux. C'est en partant de la problématique liée à la nécessité d’assurer une offre de soins équitable pour tous, et soucieux d'adapter ces offres en tirant bénéfice des évolutions technologiques et des évolutions des usages communautiques, que nous avons mené notre recherche dans une perspective exploratoire. Notre hypothèse principale est que le recours aux outils et services TIC, notamment aux dispositifs de e-learning, est une solution pour faire face aux difficultés organisationnelles et logistiques relatives à la mise en œuvre de soins pour tous.L'orthophonie est une profession de santé, et en ce sens, elle ne peut se résumer à une pratique pédagogique. Elle trouve sens dans la relation de soin qu'elle instaure avec le patient. La clinique amène l'orthophoniste à faire le choix d'un projet rééducatif qui s'articule autour d'une ligne de conduite plaçant le patient au cœur de la problématique, mais instrumenté par des méthodes pédagogiques, entre autres. C'est pourquoi, nous nous sommes interrogée sur les apports des recherches dans le domaine du e-learning dont nous pourrions bénéficier pour enrichir la pratique orthophonique.L'objectif est donc double: contribuer à enrichir la recherche scientifique propre au domaine de la télé-orthophonie et proposer des solutions à la demande grandissante de soins orthophoniques pour pallier une offre déficitaire dans certaines régions. Nous nous basons sur les visées et les enseignements de la FOAD, dans une optique de changement pédagogique qu'ils impliquent, sous l’hypothèse toutefois de la validité de ces apports pour la pratique de soin et de « rééducation » qu’est la clinique orthophonique.Dans un premier temps, pour situer le thème dans une perspective théorique, nous avons exposé la réalité de la pratique orthophonique en présentiel. Nous avons ensuite présenté les avantages des processus sollicités en FOAD. Nous avons également effectué une revue de littérature traitant de la télé-orthophonie et des diverses expérimentations réalisées. Du point de vue historique, nous avons abordé l'évolution de l'orthophonie en présentiel, des TICE ainsi que de la rééducation à distance. Nous avons également orienté notre travail vers un point de vue techno pédagogique, dans le domaine des sciences de l'éducation, avec le changement des rôles dans le rapport au savoir, impulsé par les avantages techniques proposés par les plates-formes FOAD, qui initient à la fois autonomie, interactivité, flexibilité, et socioconstructivisme. Sur le plan de la méthode, nous avons choisi de réaliser une recherche-action. Ainsi, notre recueil d‘informations s'est appuyé d'abord sur un questionnaire d’enquête prospectant sur les perceptions de la télé-orthophonie par les patients puis sur une expérimentation de pratique clinique présentée sous la forme de cas cliniques. Les résultats obtenus ont conclu à des perspectives d'enrichissement de la pratique clinique et des compétences orthophoniques. Ils nous ont également permis de faire quelques recommandations pour d‘autres recherches. Notre analyse a permis de confirmer l’hypothèse selon laquelle la Rééducation Orthophonique A Distance, peut relever les défis de la qualité de la pratique orthophonique tout en s'inscrivant dans l'évolution sociétale initiée par l'introduction des technologies de l'information. Ces dispositifs répondent de manière innovante à la demande grandissante de gage de qualité des soins et des compétences des praticiens, en se révélant des outils performants dans l'offre de soins, de formation et d'expertise. / This search arose from a practical reality of a cabinet of speech therapy located in the crossroads of medical deserts.Starting from the problem bound to the necessity of ensuring a fair offer of care for all and worried of adapting these offers by benefiting from technological evolutions and from evolutions of the social community uses, we led our search in an exploratory prospect Our main hypothesis is that the useof tools and ICTS services, especially e-learning, is a solution to face organizational and logistic difficulties concerning the implementation of care for all.Speech therapy is a health profession and by the way, it cannot be sum-up to an educational practice. The relation of care with the patient makes its sense. The practice brings the speech therapist to choose of a re-educational project which is articulated around a guideline locating the patient at the core of the problem, instrumented by educational methods. That is why, we wondered about the contributions of the researches in the field of the e-learning that could contribute to empower the speech therapy practice.The objective is thus double: To contribute to enrich the scientific research in the domain of the e-speech therapy and to propose solutions to the growing demand of care to counterbalance an insufficient offer in some regions.We base our approach on the perspectives and the teachings of the FOAD, in a project of educational change that under the hypothesis of the validity of these perspectives for the practice of care and "reeducation" that is the speech therapy practice.In a first step, to be in a theoretical perspective, we described the reality of speech-therapy practice as a face-to-face.Then, we have shown the benefits of the FOAD processes. We also conducted a literature review on e-speech therapy and the various experiments carried out.From a historical point of view, we have discussed the evolution of face to face speech-therapy, ICT and remote re-education.We have also oriented our work towards a techno-pedagogical point of view, in the field of educational sciences, with the changing roles in the relation to knowledge, driven by the technical advantages offered by the FOAD platforms, which initiate autonomy, interactivity, flexibility, and social constructivism.Concerning the method, we decided to carry out an action-research project.Thus, our collection of information was initially settled on a survey questionnaire exploring the feeling of patient of e-speech therapy and then on a clinical practice experiment presented in the form of clinical cases.The results led to perspectives of enrichment of the clinical practice and the speech-therapic skills.They also allowed us to make some recommendations for other researches.Our analysis confirmed the hypothesis according to which, e-reeducation, can meet the challenges of the quality of the speech-therapy practice while joining the societal evolution introduced by the e-technologies.However, if the reluctance to e-speech therapy are still existing, our vision of the future of the e-speech therapy converges on the conception of hybrid methods, mutualizing the skills and the offers of care, where both face-to-face and virtual modes will exist with other informal and social modes of reeducation, widely favored by the tools of Web 2.0.These approaches answer in an innovative way to the growing demand of quality security of the care and the skills of the practitioners by showing itself as successful tools in the offer of care, training and expertise.

A aderência pneu-pavimento é um dos parâmetros mais importantes da segurança viária e deve ser avaliada em duas escalas: microtextura e macrotextura. As medidas de textura da superfície de pavimentos podem ser obtidas por diversos equipamentos, sendo que os mais difundidos são o Pêndulo Britânico e a Mancha de Areia. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa pretende utilizar esses dois equipamentos para verificar o comportamento da textura em função do tempo/tráfego para diferentes tipos de revestimentos. Para tanto, foram realizados levantamentos dos valores de micro e macrotextura em pavimentos da rodovia BR-290/RS, trecho Osório-Porto Alegre, com uma freqüência aproximadamente mensal durante um período inferior a um ano. Com base nos dados coletados, foi possível desenvolver tendências de desempenho da micro e macrotextura para pavimentos flexíveis e rígidos dessa rodovia. Os modelos propostos para a estimativa da textura podem ser usados como ferramentas auxiliares no Sistema de Gerência de Pavimentos (SGP), prevendo o momento oportuno para intervenções na superfície dos pavimentos de modo a garantir a segurança dos usuários. Após a análise dos resultados, constatou-se que, no geral, os pontos de monitoração da rodovia BR- 290/RS apresentam boas condições de aderência pneu-pavimento quando avaliados pelo International Friction Index (IFI), que é um índice representativo da combinação entre a macro e microtextura do pavimento. Além dos modelos para estimativa da textura, desenvolveu-se nesta pesquisa um modelo de correlação entre os resultados dos ensaios de Mancha de Areia e de Drenabilidade, possibilitando, assim, a estimativa do IFI através do valor da vazão de água na superfície do pavimento. / Tire-road friction is one of the most important parameters regarding the safety of vehicles under slippery road conditions. Road surface texture is currently evaluated using several devices. In Brazil, the British Pendulum and the sand-patch method are most frequently used to measure microtexture and macrotexture, respectively. They were used in the research reported in this dissertation that aimed at verifying texture evolution with time/traffic on different types of pavement wearing courses. Thus, micro and macrotexture values were monthly measured in surveys carried out during one year in Brazilian Federal Road BR- 290/RS. Collected data allowed defining performance trends regarding micro and macrotexture of asphalt and Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) pavements. The models here proposed might be used as auxiliary tools in Pavement Management Systems (PMS) to estimate the time when a given rehabilitation action is necessary to assure vehicle and drivers safety. Results analysis showed that the surveyed pavements present adequate tire-road friction, when evaluated by the International Friction Index (IFI) which combines pavements macro and microtexture. In addition, a model relating results of the sand-patch method to drainability results is proposed. Such model allows the estimation of the IFI based on values of water inflow through the pavements wearing courses.

O preço atual do minério de ferro obrigou as empresas a reduzirem os custos operacionais na fase mina. O carregamento e transporte de materiais com utilização de escavadeiras e caminhões grande porte representam grande parcela do custo total, particularmente com pneus, diesel, manutenção e mão de obra. Metas de movimentação anual são divididas durante os meses e as condições climáticas podem influenciar na produtividade e desempenho dos equipamentos. O banco de dados da movimentação mensal está condicionado com a capacidade de cada caminhão. Cada frota possui o payload característico e este representa a capacidade de transporte, sendo o valor da massa transportada o único parâmetro extraído em cada ciclo, sem considerar o posicionamento do material sobre a caçamba dos equipamentos. Forças de cisalhamento e torção são aplicadas constantemente no chassi e pneus dos caminhões e, quando as cargas estão descentralizadas, potencializam estes eventos. O transporte de cargas descentralizadas agride os pneus diminuindo a vida útil causando danos como deslocamento da banda de rodagem e separação do flanco. Este trabalho teve como objetivo diminuir as ocorrências de cargas descentralizadas e os custos operacionais. Para incrementar o posicionamento do material sobre as caçambas, a telemetria foi a ferramenta utilizada. Análises de pressões de suspensões indicam o posicionamento das cargas e através desses valores foi criado um banco de dados. Este banco de dados pode indicar qual operador de carga precisa de reciclagem, contribuindo para a redução de cargas descentralizadas e custos, uma vez que cargas deste perfil sucateiam precocemente pneus e suspensões. O estudo foi realizado em Itabira, em uma mina de minério de ferro a céu aberto. A metodologia comprovou ser capaz diminuir as ocorrências de cargas descentralizadas assim como aumentar a vida útil de pneus. Uma possível economia foi apresentada para ano de 2014, período em que a média das horas trabalhadas de pneus ficou abaixo da meta aumentando os custos fase mina. / The actual iron ore price forces the companies to reduce costs in all production steps of the mining operation. Loading and hauling materials using shovel-truck system represents the highest mining costs, particularly tires, diesel, maintenance and workforce. Annual goals of materials movement are split by months were weather conditions can affect productivity and performance of the fleet. The data file of the monthly material movement is based on the scale of each truck. Every fleet has a payload and it represents the capacity of hauling, being the value of loading a unique input extracted in each duty cycle, without taking into account the position of the material over the truck’s dump. Shear forces and torsion are applied all time at the frames trucks and, when the truckloads are unbalanced, increases the forces over the frame and tires. Transport unbalanced truckloads into long distances attack the tires and decrease its end of life, causing damages like displacement of tread and flank separation. The objective of this study is to propose a methodology to decrease unbalanced truck loads reducing the mining costs. In this mission of incorporating a material position on the truck´s dump, the telemetry was taking into consideration. The analysis of the suspension pressures data values shows the truckloads positions and with this data was created a databank. This databank indicates that the operators need truck load training to reduce unbalanced loads and truck costs in the mining operation, since unbalanced loads leads to early tires and suspensions scrap. The case study was carried out at Itabira Iron Ore Mine Complex, Brazil. This methodology was able to reduce the number of unbalanced truck loads as well as the tires life was increased. An economic saving estimate is presented based on 2014 scrapped tires data bank, in this year the tires life cycle was underneath, burdening operational costs.

Os acidentes de trânsito são uma das principais causas de morte e invalidez no mundo inteiro, e projeções indicam que sua participação entre essas causas tende a aumentar no futuro. Estima-se que o fator humano contribua para a ocorrência de mais de 90% dos acidentes, e grande parte desta contribuição advém do comportamento. Nesta dissertação de mestrado, buscou-se identificar e caracterizar medidas de segurança de trânsito conforme sua influência em inibir o cometimento de infrações à legislação de trânsito por parte dos motoristas. Para tanto, foram conduzidas uma pesquisa qualitativa e uma pesquisa quantitativa. A pesquisa qualitativa, realizada através da técnica de Grupos Focados, foi utilizada para identificar as principais infrações de trânsito que contribuem para a ocorrência de acidentes, além de coletar subsídios para a elaboração da pesquisa quantitativa. Esta, por sua vez, consistiu na aplicação de um questionário auto-relatado a motoristas de automóvel da cidade de Porto Alegre. Como resultado, a pesquisa qualitativa indicou que as infrações que mais contribuem para os acidentes são a embriaguez, o excesso de velocidade e o avanço de sinal vermelho de semáforo. A pesquisa quantitativa permitiu concluir que as medidas de segurança de trânsito que mais influenciam os motoristas a não cometerem infrações de trânsito são aquelas relacionadas à restrição de direitos, como apreensão do veículo ou suspensão da habilitação, e à possibilidade de ser flagrado pelas autoridades. Por outro lado, as campanhas de conscientização na mídia demonstraram ser o tipo de medida com menor potencial para influenciar o comportamento dos motoristas. / Road traffic crashes are one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide, and it is believed that their share among these causes will grow in the future. The human factor contributes to over 90% of traffic crashes, and a great part of this contribution originates from human behaviour. This master’s thesis aimed to identify and characterize road safety measures according to their influence on driver behaviour, regarding the commitment of traffic offences. In order to do that, a qualitative and a quantitative survey were carried on. The qualitative survey was made with the Focus Group technique and was used to identify the traffic offences that contribute the most to road crashes, as well as to collect information to help preparing the quantitative survey. The last consisted in applying a self-reported questionnaire to automobile drivers from Porto Alegre, Brazil. As a result, the qualitative survey indicated that speeding, drunk driving and red light crossing are the traffic offences that contribute the most to road crashes. The quantitative survey allowed to conclude that the road safety measures with more influence on drivers, so they do not commit traffic offences, are those related to their rights restriction, like vehicle seizure or driver’s licence suspension, and to the possibility of being caught by authorities. On the other hand, road safety campaings on the media seemed to be the kind of measure with the smallest potential to influence driver behaviour.