Este projeto constitui desdobramento e aprofundamento da temática apresentada na pesquisa de Mestrado: a paisagem romana mineradora, inserida nos projetos do Laboratório de Arqueologia Romana Provincial LARP-MAE/USP. O objetivo central é o de produzir a reconstrução-simulação tridimensional interativa da paisagem de Vipasca(Aljustrel, Portugal) a partir de seus vestígios arqueológicos. Com base nas fontes de época, bibliografia interpretativa, cartografia e trabalho de campo serão buscados recursos que possibilitem a reconstrução digital em potencial da paisagem antiga de Vipasca. Para tanto, far-se-á uso da teoria e metodologia pertencentes à Ciberarqueologia a fim de se reconstruir e simular interativamente a paisagem mineradora da região. / This project constitutes a development and deepening of the theme presented in the Master\'s research: the Roman mining landscape (inserted in the projects of the Laboratory for Roman Provincial Archaeology LARP-MAE/USP). The main objective is to produce the reconstruction/interactive three-dimensional simulation of Vipasca\'s landscape (Aljustrel, Portugal) from its archaeological remains. Based on the sources of the period, interpretive bibliography, cartography and fieldwork, resources will be sought to enable potential digital reconstruction of the ancient Vipasca landscape. In order to do so, we will use the theory and methodology pertaining to Cyber-Archaeology in order to reconstruct and interactively simulate the mining landscape of the region.

This thesis examines the changing meaning and conceptualisation of the city boundary of Rome, from the late republic and imperial periods into late antiquity. It is my aim in this study to present a range of archaeological and historical material from three areas of interest: the historical development of the city boundary, from the pomerium to the Aurelian wall, change and continuity in the ritual activities associated with the border, and the reasons for the shift in burial topography in the fifth century AD. I propose that each of these three subject areas will demonstrate the wide range of restrictions and associations made with the city boundary of Rome, and will note in particular instances of continuity into late antiquity. It is shown that there is a great degree of continuity in the behaviours of the inhabitants of Rome with regard to the conceptualisation of their city boundary. The wider proposal made during the course of this study, is that the fifth century was significant in the development of Rome – archaeologically, historically, and conceptually – but not for the reasons that are traditionally given. I have pushed back against the idea that this era was defined by its turbulence, and have constructed an argument that highlights the vast inheritance of the city of Rome that is so often ignored in discussions of the fifth century.

This dissertation demonstrates how the cross-disciplinary application of methods and tools from archaeology, philology, and engineering can yield insights into ancient water-supply systems and help to solve problems associated with their precise function and with their description in ancient literature. Conventional calculations determine the flow properties of seven ancient long-distance pipelines. Components of the water-supply pipeline at Aspendos are simulated with a commercially available Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package (FLUENT® by Fluent Inc.) that is widely used in the design and research of complex flow systems. The application of CFD clarifies the interaction of water and air during the filling process of a pipeline. The project establishes a methodology using state-of-the-art computer simulation tools for the investigation of these systems. The combination of the numerical results with the insights derived from a comparison of Latin technical documents with ancient Greek medical texts answers conclusively some long-term questions that have been plaguing aqueduct research for a long time. The simulation makes visible the flow of water in the pipeline, disproving the long-term misunderstanding that entrained air will form bubbles in the flowing water column that lead to pressure transient. It is possible to explain the function of lateral holes in the sides of pipe segments. The calculated volume flow rates for each pipeline allow estimates about the population sizes for the cities supplies by the aqueducts. The creation of a computer-based methodology for the study of ancient aqueducts will enable scholars to investigate, compare, and catalogue a wide variety of ancient hydraulic systems.

This research focuses on artefactual assemblages from temples in the south-east and east of England from 50 BCE to 250 CE. In order to evaluate these data, which primarily consists of faunal remains, coins, and items of personal adornment, quantitative methods to perform intra-site and inter-site analyses are utilised. As a result of the analyses conducted, a range of social practices were identified, including those specific to individual temples, and those that were shared to varying degrees across the breadth of the study area. The study also examines how a site’s unique environmental and political conditions characterised the assemblages of each temple. Moreover, it reveals that the pre-Roman Eastern and Southern kingdoms continued to influence the nature of practices on temple sites into the Roman period, and that the impact of Roman conquest was much less persuasive as might be expected from previous research on religion in Roman Britain. The conclusions of this study emphasise the significant future potential of the finds evidence to illuminate studies of religion in the Roman empire, as well as highlighting the diverse nature of religion in early Roman Britain.

Este projeto constitui desdobramento e aprofundamento da temática apresentada na pesquisa de Mestrado: a paisagem romana mineradora, inserida nos projetos do Laboratório de Arqueologia Romana Provincial LARP-MAE/USP. O objetivo central é o de produzir a reconstrução-simulação tridimensional interativa da paisagem de Vipasca(Aljustrel, Portugal) a partir de seus vestígios arqueológicos. Com base nas fontes de época, bibliografia interpretativa, cartografia e trabalho de campo serão buscados recursos que possibilitem a reconstrução digital em potencial da paisagem antiga de Vipasca. Para tanto, far-se-á uso da teoria e metodologia pertencentes à Ciberarqueologia a fim de se reconstruir e simular interativamente a paisagem mineradora da região. / This project constitutes a development and deepening of the theme presented in the Master\'s research: the Roman mining landscape (inserted in the projects of the Laboratory for Roman Provincial Archaeology LARP-MAE/USP). The main objective is to produce the reconstruction/interactive three-dimensional simulation of Vipasca\'s landscape (Aljustrel, Portugal) from its archaeological remains. Based on the sources of the period, interpretive bibliography, cartography and fieldwork, resources will be sought to enable potential digital reconstruction of the ancient Vipasca landscape. In order to do so, we will use the theory and methodology pertaining to Cyber-Archaeology in order to reconstruct and interactively simulate the mining landscape of the region.

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No description available.

This research contributes to understandings of the occurrence of and associations between skeletal evidence of vitamin D deficiency and chronic respiratory infections across the life course based on human skeletal material from the Roman period sites of Isola Sacra in Italy (1st - 3rd centuries AD) and Ancaster in the United Kingdom (3rd - 4th centuries AD). Modern clinical data demonstrate a positive association between these two conditions that affects the ways in which they are experienced today, and may extend into the past. Macroscopic, radiographic, and histological evidence for skeletal manifestations of vitamin D deficiency and chronic respiratory infections were considered in the context of archaeological and historical evidence available for the Roman period in order to elucidate patterns in disease occurrence that reflect the unique local biologies of these two assemblages. Differing prevalence values for active and healed lesions caused by both conditions, as well as variation in age at death distributions and the relationship of lesions associated with vitamin D deficiency and chronic respiratory infections with one another and with age at death, provide information on the experience of both conditions and the potential interactions between them. Skeletal lesions caused by both conditions are present in individuals throughout the life course at Ancaster and Isola Sacra, with particular implications for disease experiences during infancy, adolescence, and pregnancy in the Roman period. These results point to a picture of morbidity and mortality at Ancaster that involves longer term survival of and more efficient immune responses to chronic disease processes, with higher levels of skeletal lesions indicating the presence of more "survivors" at this site. The combination of lower frequencies of skeletal lesions and higher mortality at Isola Sacra, on the other hand, suggests that fewer individuals may have survived to the point where they were able to mount a skeletal response to disease. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This thesis is a reassessment of the concept of the ‘fort community’ and analysis of the people who dwelled within it, utilising archaeological evidence from the northern frontier of Roman Britain. Traditional approaches which have focused on military functions or on military-civilian dichotomies cannot provide a full account of discrepant identities (Mattingly 2011). A holistic approach which acknowledges and incorporates non-military activities can provide an important alternative perspective into how the inhabitants of Roman fort communities related to one another. The thesis utilises Lewis Coser’s concept of the ‘greedy institution’ (1974) to resituate the imbalance of power affecting identity within the Roman military. The discussion is framed within nested layers of identity and community. In the first chapter, a historical overview of Roman military scholarship is presented that contextualises the current archaeological climate and illustrates key issues of bias. Three core forms of identity are analysed in the second chapter in the context of the Roman auxilia; socio-cultural, gender, and ethnicity. This discussion positions the auxiliaries as a group both empowered and subjugated, consisting of ‘martial races’ exploited within a military role. In the third chapter, the textual evidence for identity on the northern frontier is analysed, using epigraphy and the Vindolanda tablets. Within these the discrepant identities of members of the fort communities are identified. In the fourth chapter, I analyse the architectural underpinnings of military identity through an examination of the development and ideology of the ‘standard plan’ fort. In the fifth chapter, I analyse the material evidence for the habitus of fort community life, focusing on three activity contexts; military display, craft and industry, and bodily consumption. The thesis concludes by assessing the strengths of the ‘greedy institution’ approach and outlining its significance with regards to future research.