<p>The primary objective of this research was to identify and<br />analyse the challenges faced by ethnic minority students<br />while studying and building an academic career in the higher<br />education system of Serbia. The secondary objective was to<br />analyse the unconscious and conscious gender biases towards<br />ethnic minority women, when building their academic careers<br />and in reaching decision-making position in academia. The<br />tertiary objective of was to raise awareness about the<br />increased demand for human resources in the technical fields<br />and that therefore more women should be steered towards the<br />studying engineering.<br />The research was conducted based on 2192 filled in<br />questionnaires and 45 semi-structured interviews. The<br />research results showed that language, intersecting with<br />gender, ethnicity and class result in a new inequality concept.<br />It was shown that women are under-represented in technical<br />fields, which has its roots in gender stereotypes. Finally, it<br />was shown that women are less motivated to reach higher<br />positions in the Serbian higher education system than men.<br />The author proposes a set of policy recommendations for<br />solving/mitigating the identified challenges, e.g. deconstruction<br />of gender stereotypes via improved teaching<br />aids in elementary and high schools, optimised Serbian<br />language teaching to eliminate the language difficulty faced<br />at the start of their higher education; as well as the founding<br />of an ethnic minority research centre, which would research<br />the challenges faced by ethnic minority communities.</p> / <p>Primarni cilj istraživanja je identifikacija i i analiza prepreka<br />u sistemu visokog obrazovanja tokom studiranja i izgradnje<br />karijere u akademskoj zajednici žena iz nacionalnih zajednica<br />sa posebnim osvrtom na žene iz mađarske nacionalne<br />zajednice. Sekundarni cilj je analiza nesvesne i svesne rodne<br />pristrasnosti prema ženama etničkih manjina u toku izgradnje<br />akademske karijere i pri dosezanju visokih pozicija unutar<br />akademije. Tercijarni cilj istraživanja je podizanje svesti o<br />tome, kako je potražnja za ljudskim resursima na trži&scaron;tu rada<br />u oblasti tehničkih nauka značajna i da je stoga potrebno<br />usmeriti veći broj žena ka tim oblastima. Istraživanje je<br />sprovedeno pomoću 2192 popunjena upitnika i 45 polustrukturirana<br />intervjua. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da jezik,<br />koji je u intersekciji sa rodom, nacionalno&scaron;ću i klasom,<br />rezultira novim konceptom nejednakosti. Takođe je dokazano<br />da su žene nedovoljno zastupljene u tehničkim oblastima, &scaron;to<br />je najvećim delom moguće pripisati rodnim stereotipima.<br />Konačno, utvrđeno je da su žene manje motivisane da<br />dosegnu visoke pozicije od mu&scaron;karaca u sistemu visokog<br />&scaron;kolstva. Autorka predlaže skup mera za re&scaron;avanje i/ili<br />ublažavanje identifikovanih izazova, npr. dekonstrukcija<br />rodnih stereotipa pomoću unapređenih nastavnih materijala u<br />osnovnim i srednjim &scaron;kolama, prilađen program učenja<br />srpskog jezika za učenike iz etničkih manjina sa ciljem<br />izbegavanja jezičke barijere na početku studija; odnosno<br />osnivanje centra za istraživanje statusa i izazova zajednica<br />etničkih manjina.</p>

This thesis is the study of televangelism contextualized within the country of Romania. It seeks to answer six main questions: I} When the Lord Jesus gave Christendom the global, Gospel mandate, he forced his disciples into a two thousand year struggle with, not only the message, but how to spread this message. Is the Gospel message so powerful that it will penetrate through any method of delivery? Can a former communist country be evangelized through television? 2) The next question asked in this thesis: is the message in and of itself, when conveyed through this media, sufficient to accomplish its goals? Does the media encourage the recipient to fulfill the desires of the message? What about Mass Communication Theory which espouses that television is more likely to reinforce then transform a viewer's belief? 3) The third question wrestled with: would the former communistic country of Romania, when turning to the ideals of the West, receive the Gospel message with greater or lesser significance through the media of television, or would other forms of communication be more desirable? Would television, in comparison to Crusade or Film Evangelism, be a more ideal media for the Gospel at this juncture in Romania's history? 4) Television allows large audiences to be reached with staggering efficiency, but does the medium itself impose limits on the kind of evangelism that can be done? What type of church grows out of an electronic medium? Would television gather a church "unto itself?" 5) In fulfilling the great commission, many organizations and mission groups have arisen with the desire to carry the Gospel message to the ends of the earth with whatever means available, including CBN, who uses television. Can television reach the masses, including the poor, in Eastern block countries? 6) The final question addressed in this research: what are the long term effects of televangelism in this former communistic country? Would a one time television program, given in one week, yield results that can be determined two years later? These questions were not only wrestled with, but conclusions were drawn to make evangelism and particularly televangelism more efficacious. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / Th. D. (Practical Theology)

Le régime communiste a redéfini le sport, imposant la pratique de cette activité pour la masse. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la politique du régime communiste roumain s’inspire du modèle soviétique. La these evidence la relation entre l’Etat roumain et les stars sportives issues des minorités nationales. On analyse un processus dynamique de transformation identitaire, qui dans un contexte socio-politique communiste favorise l’instrumentalisation du sport. Dans ce sens, le national-communisme cherche à intégrer les sportifs dans un système bien hiérarchisé. En dépit de la massification du sport et de l’implication importante des Roumains, les sportifs issus des minorités obtiennent de bons résultats et ils sont sélectionnés dans les équipes nationales. De cette perspective, le sport ne représente pas seulement un loisir, mais il devient un domaine plus influent du point de vue idéologique. La thèse regarde comment les stars sportives issues des minorités ont une influence dans la société roumaine, mais que l’Etat contrôle la médiatisation et la participation des sportifs dans les compétitions internationales, leurs contrats, et jusqu’à leurs noms. Nous parvenons par cet intermédiaire à expliquer la manière avec laquelle la société réagit aux performances de ces sportifs et avec laquelle le Parti Communiste impose l’image des héros nationaux pour de telles vedettes. Approfondir un tel sujet aide à la reconstruction d’un aspect important de la vie des minorités. <p><p><p>This PhD thesis makes a radiography of a new problem for a society where the presence of minorities is a reality. Before the communism, Romania had an important number of minorities, and their athletes contributed to the development of sport, having a strong identity and local pride. In communism, the stars coming from the minorities (national or ethnical) had another statute. I propose an interdisciplinary study and I utilize concepts from history, sociology, human geography or anthropology. One of the important aspects in my PhD research is to propose a concept built by me, identity doping (fr. Dopage identitaire, rom. Dopaj identitar), represented by a series of actions designed to transform one or more athletes from an ethnic or national minority into a national hero, which means a complex process of identity change. The origin of this joint of words is very simple and means joining the notion of doping, particularly used first by totalitarian systems among athletes, to the term of identity. My methods cover analyses from mass-media, archives, polls and oral history, toidentify problems and images of national heroes who come from national minorities. For example, we assist to a politic of changing names, more than other countries from communist area. The ”name-nationalization” is an essential step for a new identity, more measurable and<p>prominent than interior feelings. The footballer Laszlo Boloni, with a Hungarian origin, is known like Ladislau Boloni, Katalin Szabo is named in communism Ecaterina Szabo or Hans Moser, a handballer with a German origin, is known like Ioan Moser. The internal realities of many countries with a nationalism-communist regime influenced the life of sport stars. In a state like Romania, where the groups of minorities had an important role in sport development, sport stars from this communisties are promoted like national heroes utilizing the mechanism of “identity doping”. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Le but de cette recherché doctorale est d'établir la liaison entre deux phénomènes de mobilité parallèles qui peuvent faire changer une société de manière dramatique. On trouve dans le Maramures deux couloirs de mobilités fort liés entre eux: l’arrivée de personnes vers la région, qui consiste surtout en tourisme rural, et le départ des personnes originaires de la région vers l’étranger, qui est représenté par la migration de travail.<p>Le tourisme rural est encastré dans un contexte social, politique et historique particulier. La spécificité supposée de la région est celle d’une authenticité bien préservée, avec un fort usage du discours concernant l’Etat national. Le Maramures est considéré comme une des régions “authentiques”, “archaïques” et “traditionnelles” qui attirent une certaine catégorie de visiteurs, comme c’est souvent le cas du tourisme rural. L’évolution du phénomène touristique est le résultat des intersections complexes des divers acteurs, les migrants jouant un rôle important.<p>Une grande partie des remises de fonds provenant des migrants est investie dans le tourisme rural, d’une manière directe ou indirecte. De plus, ceux-ci fonctionnent comme des médiateurs culturels pour les activités touristiques. La participation à une pratique, tel le tourisme rural ou la migration, facilite souvent l’accès à l’autre, générant ainsi des tensions et clivages sociaux.<p>La croissance continue du tourisme et de la migration est en même temps cause et effet d’une interdépendance entre les modèles culturels et économiques de l’Est et de l’Ouest. /<p><p>The goal of this PhD research is to show the connection between two parallel mobility phenomena that have the potential to dramatically change a local society. There are two strongly linked “mobility corridors” in Maramures. Incoming mobility, i.e. the arrival of foreigners, largely involves tourists, whilst outgoing mobility consists mostly of labour migration.<p>Rural tourism is embedded in a particular social, political and historical context. The alleged specificity of this area is a well-preserved authenticity, with a strong background of national discourse. Maramures is seen as an “authentic”, “archaic” or “traditional” area, so it attracts a particular category of visitor, as is often the case in rural tourism. The evolution of this tourism phenomenon is the result of the complex intersection of different actors’ interests, and migrants play a major role.<p>A large part of the labour migrants’ remittances is invested in rural tourism, directly or indirectly. Moreover, these migrants function as cultural brokers for tourism-related activities. Participation in either rural tourism or migration often facilitates access to the other. However, it also creates tensions and social gaps. <p>The steady growth of tourism and migration is both cause and effect of an interdependence between the cultural and economic models of Eastern and Western societies. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Yes / The global language of scholarly research is English and so the obstacle of getting noticed is montainous when the article is not written in the English language. Indeed, despite rapid advances in technology, the “tyranny of language” creates a segmentation inhibiting scholarly research and innovation generally. Mass translation of non-English language articles is neither feasible nor desirable. Our paper proposes a strategy for remedying this segmentation – such that, the work of non-English language scholars become more discoverable. The core piece of this strategy is a “reverse-engineering” [RE] application of Faff’s (2015, 2017a) “pitching research” template. More specifically, we provide access to translated versions of the “cued” template across thirty-three different languages, and most notably for this journal, including the Romanian and French languages. Further, we showcase an illustrative dual language French-English example.

Cette thèse se propose d’analyser le fantastique littéraire en France et en Roumanie par une méthode double : l’histoire des influences et des transferts culturels (approche diachronique) et l’étude de certains aspects communs aux textes fantastiques identifiés dans la poétique de la (dé)construction (approche synchronique).Le corpus comprend des contes fantastiques provenus des espaces littéraires du XIXe siècle français (Mérimée, Gautier, Maupassant, Villiers de l’Isle-Adam ou Barbey d’Aurevilly) et roumain (Mihai Eminescu, Ion Luca Caragiale, Gala Galaction et Mateiu Caragiale). Bien que certains récits de ces derniers dépassent de peu le cadre strictement temporel du XIXe siècle, le choix est motivé par un certain décalage temporel entre les deux littératures, par l’appartenance de ces écrivains à une première étape du fantastique littéraire roumain et, dans le cas de Mateiu Caragiale, par l’intertextualité explicite avec Le rideau cramoisi de Barbeyd’Aurevilly.L’étude prend comme fil conducteur l’idée de (dé)construction, prise non pas dans le sens philosophique de la méthode déconstructionniste conçue par Derrida, mais dans la lignée de la thèse formulée par Irène Bessière, notamment le double mouvement qui traverse le récit fantastique, la construction et la déconstruction d’univers.Dans la première partie, la (dé)construction est rapportée au niveau de l’onomastique du fantastique (histoire du mot et de ses dénominations), car le terme « fantastique » est associé aux récits d’Hoffmann dans la traduction fautive de Loève-Veimars et un discours théorique et critique est construit à partir de Charles Nodier. La (dé)construction est aussi envisagée du point de vue de l’identité du fantastique en tant que genre littéraire. D’un côté, le fantastique puise ses sources, surtout thématiques, à la matière des mythes, des textes religieux, des croyances populaires, des légendes, des idéologies, des progrès scientifiques, etc. De l’autre côté, le remaniement fantastique (sa poétique) consiste à construire un « rapport fantastique » entre le réel et les autres éléments généralement considérés comme surnaturels, invraisemblables ou impossibles donnés pourtant comme sérieux, perceptibles et donc possibles.La deuxième partie déroule un panorama d’histoire littéraire comparée franco-roumaine, où sont mises en question deux figures étrangères, Hoffmann et Poe, ainsi que les particularités de l’émergence du fantastique dans la littérature française et dans la littérature roumaine, liées au romantisme dans les littératures ouest-européennes, et au légendaire et au magique dans la littérature roumaine. On parle de (dé)construction des modèles étrangers – jeu de traduction chez Ion Luca Caragiale, imitation chez Nicolae Gane, etc. – et de construction d’un discours fantastique autochtone.La troisième partie analyse quelques aspects qui caractérisent la rhétorique du fantastique, en soulignant les procédés par lesquels l’art de la persuasion se manifeste paradoxalement tant comme garantie que comme sape des stratégies textuelles : la littéralisation des figures au niveau de la fiction ; l’hypervisibilité des figures (l’hyperbole, l’hypotypose) ; le résidu littéral du discours figuré en tant que principe de suggestion du surnaturel, l’objet en tant qu’indice réaliste et support des « déviations » fantastiques / The present study is aimed at examining the fantastic as a literary genre by means of a twofold endeavour,which could be seen both as a diachronic (the history of cultural influences and transfers) and as a synchronicone (an investigation into several aspects that are related to a common modality of fantastic texts identified inthe poetics of (de)construction).The corpus of this paper is made up of fantastic stories created by several French writers that are traditionallyassociated with various trends or literary movements - Mérimée, Gautier, Maupassant, Villiers de l’Isle-Adam or Barbey d’Aurevilly – to whom we will add Romanian fantastic texts written by such various literaryfigures as Mihai Eminescu, Ioan Luca Caragiale, Gala Galaction and Mateiu Caragiale. Some of the worksproduced by the Romanian writers mentioned above surpass the strict temporal framework of the XIXthcentury, yet our choice is motivated by the fact that the texts under scrutiny are traditionally considered asbelonging to a first stage of the Romanian fantastic prose. As far as Mateiu Caragiale is concerned, we haveexceptionally chosen to deal with the short story entitled Remember from the perspective of the explicitintertextuality with Barbey d’Aurevilly’s Le rideau cramoisi.At the core of our investigation of the literary fantastic (in this context limited to short stories) we haveplaced the idea of (de)construction, which is to be followed on three levels: an onomastic level (the transitionfrom the term “fantastic” to the fantastic genre in literature), a diachronic level (the emergence of the fantastic as a literary genre and its identity, an issue to be addressed from the perspective of literary historyand the theory of reception) and a rhetorical level in its broad sense (a poetics of fantastic prose fiction). Wewill emphasize the fact that our intention is not to use the idea of (de)construction in the strict sense of thephilosophical concept launched by Jacques Derrida. The significance of (de)construction employed in thispaper is based on a thesis already formulated by Irene Bessière - the poetics of uncertainty that is related totwo projects that are opposite, but still coexist, i.e. the construction and deconstruction of the real.The first level of approaching (de)construction in the wider context of the fantastic prose coincides with thefirst part of our paper, which includes various definitions of the fantastic, different types of approaches andboundaries that can be applied to it and the famous dichotomy between the fantastic and the miraculous. Theterm “fantastic” was proposed by the French through Loève-Veimars’s erroneous translation, as a label forHoffmann’s tales, while Nodier launches a theoretical and critical discourse on the fantastic. The attempts to define the fantastic from different perspectives reveal some common aspects that itpossesses, thus assuming the shape of a process of (de)construction. We mainly take into account twodirections, a general one whose stake is the supernatural, and a restrictive one trying to set boundaries. (De)construction is also discussed from the perspective of the identity of the fantastic genre. On the one hand, thefantastic resorts to external thematic sources (the mythical miraculous, the legendary, the religious, modernideologies, scientific progress etc.), on the other hand, the modern reconstruction of these sourcespresupposes a new poetics, which consists in building a “fantastic report” between a real world and thoseelements that are generally considered supernatural, implausible, impossible or illogical, presented in such amanner as to produce the illusion of reality.. / Lucrarea de faţă îşi propune o examinare a fantasticului ca gen literar printr-un demers dublu, diacronic(istoria influenţelor şi transferurilor culturale) şi sincronic (cercetarea câtorva aspecte care ţin de o modalitatecomună textelor fantastice identificată în poetica (de)construcţiei).Corpusul este constituit din povestiri fantastice ale mai multor scriitori francezi care sunt asociaţi unorcurente sau mişcări literare diferite – Mérimée, Gautier, Maupassant, Villiers de l’Isle-Adam sau Barbeyd’Aurevilly – cărora le adăugăm texte fantastice româneşti, aparţinând lui Mihai Eminescu, Ion LucaCaragiale, Gala Galaction şi Mateiu Caragiale. Câteva dintre operele scriitorilor români amintiţi depăşesccadrul strict temporal al secolului al XIX lea, alegerea noastră fiind motivată de faptul că textele la care nereferim sunt considerate ca făcând parte dintr-o primă etapă a prozei fantastice româneşti. În ceea ce îlpriveşte pe Mateiu Caragiale, am ales să analizăm în mod excepţional nuvela Remember, din perspectivaintertextualităţii explicite cu nuvela Le rideau cramoisi a lui Barbey d’Aurevilly.În centrul investigaţiei fantasticului literar (limitat aici la povestiri scurte), am pus ideea de (de)construcţie,pe care o urmărim la trei niveluri : un nivel onomastic (trecerea de la termenul « fantastic » la genul fantasticîn literatură), un nivel diacronic (apariţia fantasticului ca gen literar şi identitatea acestuia, o problemăabordată din perspetiva istoriei literare comparate şi a teoriei receptării) şi un nivel retoric, în accepţie largă(o poetică a prozei fantastice). Subliniem faptul că nu folosim ideea de (de)construcţie în sensul strict alconceptului filosofic lansat de Jacques Derrida. (De)construcţia, aşa cum este întrebuinţată în lucrarea faţă,are ca sursă o teză formulată deja de Irène Bessière: poetica incertitudinii care se raportează la două proiecteopuse, dar coexistente, construcţia şi deconstrucţia realului. Primul nivel de abordare a (de)construcţiei în proza fantastică coincide cu prima parte a lucrării: definiţiilefantasticului, diversele tipuri de abordări şi delimitări ale acestuia şi dicotomia fantastic / miraculos.Cuvântul „fantastic” este propus de francezi, prin traducerea eronată a lui Loève-Veimars, ca etichetă pentrupovestirile lui Hoffmann; în acelaşi timp, Nodier lansează un discurs teoretic şi critic asupra fantasticului.Încercările de definire a fantasticului, din perspective diverse pun în evidenţă aspecte comune ale acestuia,constituindu-se într-un proces de (de)construcţie conceptuală. Reţinem două direcţii, una generală a căreimiză este supranaturalul si una restrictivă care încearcă să fixeze graniţe. (De)construcţia este pusă în discuţieşi din perspectiva identităţii genului fantastic. Pe de o parte, fantasticul face apel la surse tematice externe(miraculosul mitic, legendar, religios; ideologiile moderne, progresul ştiinţific, etc.), pe de altă parte,reconstrucţia modernă a acestor surse tematice înseamnă o nouă poetică, care constă în construirea unui „raport fantastic” între un univers real şi acele elemente considerate în mod general supranaturale,neverosimile, imposibile, sau nelogice, prezentate în aşa fel încât lasă iluzia unei realităţi.Cea de a doua parte a tezei este consacrată unui parcurs istoric al fantasticului literar, printr-o abordarecomparatistă, punând în discuţie efectul receptării operei lui Hoffmann şi a lui Poe în spaţiul literar francez,rolul traducerilor-adaptări după Poe făcute de Ion Luca Caragiale, dar şi aspecte care apropie şi diferenţiazăexperienţa scriptică a fantasticului, legat de romantism în literatura occidentală, legat, mai degrabă, delegendar şi magic în literatura română. Vorbim despre (de)construcţia modelelor străine şi despre construireaunui discurs fantastic autohton..

L’objet de cette recherche est la situation des Tsiganes de Bessarabie sous trois administrations :tsariste (1812-1918), roumaine (1918-1940, 1941-1944) et soviétique (1940-1941, 1944-156). Au niveau macro, nous nous sommes intéressés plus principalement à la politique des « villages tsiganes » qui est selon nous la plus révélatrice d’une continuité entre les trois administrations. Au niveau micro, nous avons suivi le parcours de quelques villages du centre et du sud de la Bessarabie sous ces trois administrations. <p>En schématisant, on peut affirmer que le régime tsariste a appliqué en Bessarabie une politique de sédentarisation forcée par ségrégation. Nous l’illustrons par le cas des « villages tsiganes » de Kair et Faraonovka. L’administration roumaine pendant la dictature d’Antonescu a appliqué une politique de déportation en dehors des frontières historiques de la Roumanie, même si au départ il était question de créer des « villages tsiganes » dans la région de Baragan dans la partie sud-est du pays. Le régime soviétique a opté pour une politique de ségrégation forcée par assimilation.<p> / Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished