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Diss. (sammanfattning). Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2001. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Market integration is a frequently discussed topic. This study presents an econometric analysis of the interlinkages between the Swedish, Norwegian, and Finnish coniferous roundwood assortment markets by conducting the Johansen’s co-integration test. It also investigates the directional causality between markets concluded integrated. The data utilised consists of quarterly, nominal prices for pine, and spruce saw logs and pulpwood for each country. Because of issues regarding stationary price series, the co-integration test could only be tested on five markets; Swedish and Norwegian pine saw logs and Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish spruce pulpwood. Swedish and Norwegian pine saw log prices were found integrated according to the Johansen’s test, but no relationship was found when performing the Granger causality test, implying that the underlying assumption of non-stationary prices may not have been fulfilled. No linkages were found concerning the spruce pulpwood markets; neither for all three countries nor bi-variate.

A digital timbermarket helps forest owners reach out to severaltimber purchasers and be able to compare the forest companies’ price lists. The purpose of this study was to examine how the forest owners would respond to a digital timbermarket.The study analyzes if Swedish forest owners are interested in the use of a digital timbermarket. By using a web survey, the forest owner’s responses about a digital timbermarket have been collected and analyzed. The results of the study showed that most of the forest owners were positiveabout using a digital timbermarket. The forest owners who were positive usually had smaller properties, no education or work experience in forestry.Those who were most unwillingto use a digital timbermarket were mostly over 70 years old, had made more than 30timber sales and own forest properties over 300 hectares. / En digital virkesmarknad är en webbplats där skogsägaren kan nå ut till flera olika virkesköpare vid försäljning av virke, köpare somskogsägarna i vanliga fall inte nått ut till. Här finns även offentliga prislistor från flera köpare samlade och detta kan på så sätt leda till en trasparantare virkesmarknad. Frågan är om skogsägare i Sverige är intresserade av att sälja virke genom en digital virkesmarknad, där olika bud kan jämföras. Om skogsägarna är det, vilka skogsägare är i så fall öppna för en digitaliserad marknad och vilka vill fortsätta sälja på traditionellt sätt. För att ta reda på hur intresset ser ut, har en webbenkät publicerats på Internet där skogsägare från hela Sverige kunnat fylla i enkäten. Totalt svarade 173 skogsägare. Deras svar har sedan sammanställts och analyserats för att se vad som skiljer skogsägare som är intresserade av att sälja virke genom en digital virkesmarknad från de som hellre säljer virke på traditionellt sätt. Studien visade att majoriteten (72 %) av skogsägarna var intresserade av att sälja virke genom en digital virkesmarknad. De skogsägare som skulle kunna tänka sig använda en digital virkesmarknad vid försäljning av sitt virke har oftast mindre fastigheter, ingen skoglig utbildning, använder Internet dagligen, ägt skogsfastigheten mindre än 10år och därmed gjort färre virkesaffärer. De som inte skulle kunna tänka sig använda en digital virkesmarknad vid försäljning av sitt virke är oftast över 70år, fastigheten är på över 300ha och gjort fler än 30 virkesaffärer.

Derome Skog AB is a purchase company whose main task is to provide Derome Timber's sawmills in Halland with timber raw material. Because of the very hard competition in the roundwood market it is important to know what kind of purchase offers are required in order to buy a valuable product from forest owners. This study aims to elucidate the crucial factors when private forest owners choose to harvest and sell their forest. As base for this study, a questionnaire has been performed with private forest owners. The result of the study shows that it is not particularly often that the timber price is the crucial factor why the forest owners choose to harvest and sell the forest products; i.e. timber, pulpwood as well as energy assortments. Most often, it is entirely other reasons which drive the forest owner to harvest. The price of timber is however very important and can very well be the factor that determine to whom the forest owner chooses to sell his timber.

This thesis presents a number of studies, where a multivariate approach was taken to construct models that predict wood species and thermo mechanical pulp brightness from roundwood of Norway spruce and Scots pine. The first and second studies produced multivariate prediction models for wood species from the bark of spruce and pine. These models can be used for wood species classification and would replace the manual log assessment that takes place today. Principal Component Analysis, PCA, and Partial least squares projections to Latent Structures, PLS, were used to predict the wood species from multivariate measurements recorded from the bark of spruce and pine. Two different kinds of measurements were employed, near-infrared spectroscopy and digital imaging. Both methods showed that it was possible to predict the wood species with a high accuracy. The third and fourth studies of the thesis are related to the wood storage of roundwood and the deterioration of wood that occurs during the storage. The third study used an experimental design with five storage factors that provided different conditions for the analysed wood. The experimental design made it possible to identify the factors and the interaction between factors, which were important for the ISO brightness of peroxide and dithionite bleached thermo mechanical pulp, TMP. The final study of the thesis used NIR spectroscopy for predicting the ISO brightness of bleached TMP. Spectra recorded from stored wood were used to construct PLS prediction models.

Este trabalho tem por finalidade a proposta de um manual com recomendações para o projeto e construção de estruturas com peças roliças de madeira tratada, oriunda de madeiras de reflorestamento no Brasil. Para isso foram realizados estudos teóricos e experimentais de elementos estruturais e de ligações em madeiras utilizando peças roliças. Foram classificadas e caracterizadas peças roliças estruturais de madeira, visualmente e mecanicamente, e apresentadas diretrizes de projetos de pontes e de galpões com sistemas estruturais e construtivos em peças roliças de madeira de reflorestamento. Os resultados serão compilados em um manual de projeto e construção de estruturas de madeira utilizando peças roliças. O estudo teve, além disso, o objetivo de divulgar, por meio de catalogações em 124 fichas técnicas, alternativas na área de estruturas e na construção civil, utilizando madeiras com peças roliças, tais como estacas de fundações, passarelas, pontes, quiosques, galpões rurais, edificações residenciais, estabelecimentos comerciais, hotelarias, igrejas, instituições de ensino, sedes de parques ecológicos e ambientais, estruturas de locais de eventos, coberturas especiais, estruturas de arquibancadas, parques turísticos e com brinquedos infantis, terminal de aeroporto, torres de observação, estruturas provisórias de cimbramentos para formas de estruturas de concreto, defensas de rodovias, barreiras acústicas, entre outros, construídos no Brasil e no exterior. Estes sistemas estruturais proporcionam a economia e favorecem o meio ambiente de forma sustentável, e principalmente promovendo o ciclo de geração das novas florestas, imprescindíveis para o sequestro de carbono. / The object of this work is to propose the draft for a handbook with recommendations for the design and construction of structures using treated roundwood originating from forest farming in Brazil. Roundwood structures were classified and characterized visually and mechanically. Guidelines were presented for the desing of bridges and barns with structural and building systems using roundwood timber harvested from reforestation projects. Results will be compiled into a manual of design and construction of timber structures using roundwood. The study also had the purpose to publicize through the cataloging in 124 fact sheets of the alternatives for wooden structures in civil construction work with roundwood, such as pole for foundation piling, walkways, bridges, kiosks, farm barns, residential housing, business stores, hotels, churches, schools, ecological and environmental parks, structures for public shows and events, special coverage structures, bleachers, tourist parks and playgrounds, airport terminal, observation towers, forming wood for concrete structures, highway barriers, noise barriers, among others, to be built in Brazil and abroad. These systems provide financial savings and are good for the environment in a sustainable manner, especially by promoting the cycle of generation of new forests that crucial for carbon sequestration.

Este trabalho tem por finalidade a proposta de um manual com recomendações para o projeto e construção de estruturas com peças roliças de madeira tratada, oriunda de madeiras de reflorestamento no Brasil. Para isso foram realizados estudos teóricos e experimentais de elementos estruturais e de ligações em madeiras utilizando peças roliças. Foram classificadas e caracterizadas peças roliças estruturais de madeira, visualmente e mecanicamente, e apresentadas diretrizes de projetos de pontes e de galpões com sistemas estruturais e construtivos em peças roliças de madeira de reflorestamento. Os resultados serão compilados em um manual de projeto e construção de estruturas de madeira utilizando peças roliças. O estudo teve, além disso, o objetivo de divulgar, por meio de catalogações em 124 fichas técnicas, alternativas na área de estruturas e na construção civil, utilizando madeiras com peças roliças, tais como estacas de fundações, passarelas, pontes, quiosques, galpões rurais, edificações residenciais, estabelecimentos comerciais, hotelarias, igrejas, instituições de ensino, sedes de parques ecológicos e ambientais, estruturas de locais de eventos, coberturas especiais, estruturas de arquibancadas, parques turísticos e com brinquedos infantis, terminal de aeroporto, torres de observação, estruturas provisórias de cimbramentos para formas de estruturas de concreto, defensas de rodovias, barreiras acústicas, entre outros, construídos no Brasil e no exterior. Estes sistemas estruturais proporcionam a economia e favorecem o meio ambiente de forma sustentável, e principalmente promovendo o ciclo de geração das novas florestas, imprescindíveis para o sequestro de carbono. / The object of this work is to propose the draft for a handbook with recommendations for the design and construction of structures using treated roundwood originating from forest farming in Brazil. Roundwood structures were classified and characterized visually and mechanically. Guidelines were presented for the desing of bridges and barns with structural and building systems using roundwood timber harvested from reforestation projects. Results will be compiled into a manual of design and construction of timber structures using roundwood. The study also had the purpose to publicize through the cataloging in 124 fact sheets of the alternatives for wooden structures in civil construction work with roundwood, such as pole for foundation piling, walkways, bridges, kiosks, farm barns, residential housing, business stores, hotels, churches, schools, ecological and environmental parks, structures for public shows and events, special coverage structures, bleachers, tourist parks and playgrounds, airport terminal, observation towers, forming wood for concrete structures, highway barriers, noise barriers, among others, to be built in Brazil and abroad. These systems provide financial savings and are good for the environment in a sustainable manner, especially by promoting the cycle of generation of new forests that crucial for carbon sequestration.