This paper uses Routine Activity Theory to examine online routine activities and individual level guardianship and the impact on online purchase fraud victimization across Europe. The findings suggest differences between the EU member states in online purchase fraud victimization. Moreover, it discovers that several online routine activities rise the victimization rate. However individual level guardianship has no great success in reducing victimization rates.

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[pt] O presente estudo convida o leitor a refletir sobre importantes recursos organizacionais: as rotinas. Frente ao debate acadêmico envolvendo o constructo, esta investigação procurou identificar como os profissionais de consultoria buscam compreender as rotinas organizacionais em suas experiências com o fenômeno. Por meio de uma abordagem fenomenográfica, foram coletados, tratados e analisados os relatos de 20 consultores de uma firma multinacional, situada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no período de 23/07/2015 a 12/02/2016. Os resultados apontaram para quatro diferentes modos, mediante os quais, esses profissionais buscam compreender as rotinas organizacionais em suas experiências de campo: o fundamento em artefatos; o questionamento ao agente; a observação da prática; e a construção coletiva. As seguintes dimensões foram identificadas relacionando essas categorias: o aspecto das rotinas; os artefatos envolvidos; a perspectiva dimensional; o nível de acesso; o mecanismo de intermediação; e o horizonte temporal. Os achados indicaram que os profissionais de consultoria estão em sintonia com pesquisadores das rotinas organizacionais, no que se refere a abordagem de entendimento por artefatos, entrevistas com os agentes e acompanhamento do desempenho. Adicionalmente, as evidências empíricas apontaram para o estabelecimento de relações de poder e confiança como mecanismos de intermediação para a compreensão das rotinas. Por fim, verificou-se que os consultores buscam compreender as rotinas considerando a sua construção conjunta com vários indivíduos envolvidos, sugerindo, então, que a compreensão das rotinas organizacionais é socialmente construída. / [en] This study invites the reader to reflect on important organizational resources: the routines. Front of the academic debate involving the construct, this investigation sought to find out how consulting professionals seek to understand the organizational routines on their experiences with the phenomenon. Through a phenomenographic approach, were collected, processed and analyzed reports of 20 consultants from a multinational firm, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, in the period from 7/23/2015 to 2/12/2016. The results pointed to four different modes by which these professionals seek to understand the organizational routines in their field experiences: the foundation in artifacts; the questioning to the agent; the observation of the practice; and the collective construction. The following dimensions were identified relating to these categories: the aspect of the routines; the artifacts involved; the dimensional perspective; the level of access; the intermediation mechanism; and the time horizon. The findings indicated that consulting professionals are in line with researchers of organizational routines, as regards the approach of understanding by artifacts, interviews with the actors and performance monitoring. In addition, the empirical evidence pointed to the establishment of relations of power and trust as intermediation mechanisms for understanding the routines. Finally, it was found that the consultants seek to understand the routines whereas your joint construction with several individuals involved, suggesting, then, that the understanding of organizational routines is socially built.

This research examines the relationship between race and exposure to online hate material. The utilization of websites, weblogs, newsgroups, online games, radio broadcasts, online newsletters and a myriad of other online platforms has proliferated race-based hate groups in the US (Shafer 2002). According to the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), the number of hate groups has been on the rise since the 1990s and continues to gain momentum with the advent of social media (Potok 2017). Exposure to separatist ideologies has propelled these radical rightwing groups into the mainstream by way of social media platforms, as they are "the most active producers of online hate material" (Costello, Hawdon, Ratliff, and Grantham 2016: pg. 313). That dissemination of radical rightwing ideologies, such as white supremacy, racial purity and racial solidarity, exists is not enough in understanding what individuals are exposed to race-based hate ideologies in online platforms. Exposure is the key to understanding the growth of these race-based hate groups and ways of countering the efforts to disseminate radical rightwing ideologies due to its relationship to hate group emergence and persistence. More so, understanding how these groups target individuals and recruit through social networking sites can provide insight into exposure. Exposure to hate material aids groups in recruiting new members and victimizing potential targets. In the same manner, exposure to hate material is victimization of those who are exposed. In a sample collected by Costello et al. (2016a), of those exposed to hate material online nearly half centered on race. Thus, it is tantamount that research be conducted examining the role that race plays in determining who is exposed to hate material online, and how individuals react to hate material based on race. This dissertation will examine the importance of exposure to hate. Specifically, this dissertation will analyze survey data gathered from the Online Extremism Survey using logistic regression analysis and linear regression to understand exposure to hate material online and routine activity theory. / Ph. D.

Cette recherche s’attache à la relation entre une production artistique et sa place au sein de la routine du quotidien. La «routine» supposée inhibitrice de la création entraîne dans certaines situations une évolution de cette pratique alors «sous contrainte». D’une pratique répondant aux exigences de la transcendance, nous passons à une pratique en résistance. Cette pratique prend le quotidien pour objet, motif et contexte et le débride, le déplace. Il s’agit de penser de façon critique le devenir esthétique de l’œuvre que cette attitude entrave. Le créateur est partagé entre le choix de conserver sa pratique d’usage qu’il insère dans les intervalles du quotidien et celui de sacrifier l’intégrité de l’œuvre aux coupes nécessaires à la résistance. Les limites de la résistance à la routine sont exacerbées par une pratique plastique qui parasite le quotidien ; à l’artiste par intermittences succède l’artiste de l’intermittence ; à l’artiste au travail, succède l’artiste du travail. / This study focuses on the relationship between an artistic production and its place within the daily routine. The “routine” supposed to be inhibitory to the creation leads, in some situations, to an evolution of this practice then “under constraint”. From a practice responding to the requirements of transcendence, we move on to a practice of resistance. This practice takes daily life as its object, motif and context, and debrides it. It is a question of thinking critically about the aesthetic development of the work that this attitude hinders. The creator is divided between the choice to retain his usual practice that he tries to insert in the intervals of daily life and that of sacrificing the integrity of the work to the cuts necessary to achieve the resistance. The limits of the resistance to routine are exacerbated: by a plastic practice that parasites the daily: to the artist by intermittudes succeeds the artist of the intermittence; to the artist at work, succeeds the artist of work.

Grooming is an internet based crime that affects children over the world, and during the covid-19 pandemic, children have been disproportionately affected and in specific risk for becoming targeted. While Sweden's covid-19 strategy differs from other countries in Europe and the rest of the world, since there has not been a national “lock-down”, however, schools have temporarily implemented distance. This study uses a qualitative approach to examine the effect of the covid-19 pandemic on grooming, where semi-structured interviews were conducted with people working as police officers and social services workers. The material collected from the interviews was analyzed using the routine activity theory and the cyber-lifestyle routine activity theory. The study found that grooming did not appear to increase in Sweden due to the covid-19 pandemic, although there was a concern about it when the pandemic began. It also found that digital resilience is required to protect vulnerable children when societal crises arise. / <p>2021-01-14</p>