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The level of moral decision making amongst university residence rugby playersSmith, Derek George 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The current study was an investigation into the moral development amongst rugby
players in residence at the University of Stellenbosch. An adapted version of the Ethic of
Care Interview was applied on thirty participants, 15 rugby players and 15 non-rugby
players. Results were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test and indicated that there
was no significant difference in moral reasoning between the two groups. However, there
was a significant difference (p<O.05) between the two groups when considering a sport
specific moral dilemma. The rugby players employed a higher level of moral reasoning
than the non-rugby players on this measure. These findings are viewed within the context
of the theoretical frameworks of Pia get, Kohlberg, Gilligan and Haan. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die huidige studie was 'n ondersoek oor die morele ontwikkeling van koshuis
rugbyspelers aan die Universiteit Stellenbosch. 'n Aangepaste weergawe van die Ethic of
Care Interview is op dertig deelnemers toegepas. Die steekproef het bestaan uit 15
rugbyspelers en 15 nie-rugbyspelers. Resultate is deur die Mann-Whitney U toets
ontleed, en het aangedui dat daar geen beduidende verskille tussen die twee groepe se
vlak van morele redenering was nie. Daar was wel 'n beduidende verskil (p<O.05) tussen
die twee groepe wanneer 'n sport spesifieke morele dilemma in gebruik was. Die
rugbyspelers het 'n hoër vlak van morele redenering as die nie-rugbyspelers op hierdie
maatstaf gebruik. Hierdie bevindinge word in konteks geplaas van die teoretiese
raamwerke van Piaget, Kohlberg, Gilligan en Haan.
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Comparision of aquatic- and land-based plyometric training on power, speed and agility in adolescent rugby union playersFabricius, David Leslie 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MEd)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of an aquatic- and landbased
plyometric programme upon selected, sport-specific performance variables in
adolescent male, rugby union players.
A group of 52 rugby players (age: 16.3 ± 0.8 years, height: 176 ± 6.9 cm and body
mass: 76.1 ± 11.9 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: aquatic group
(n=18), land group (n=17), and a control group (n=17). Prior to and after the sevenweeks
of training, the power, agility and speed of participants were assessed by
means of Fitrodyne repeated countermovement jumps, the Sergeant vertical jump,
the Illinois agility test, a standing broad jump, and a 10- and 40- metre sprint. All three
groups maintained their summer extra-curricular sport commitments during the
intervention period.
When the three groups were analysed, no significant differences were found between
the groups with regard to all tested performance variables. With regard to withingroup
changes, the aquatic group improved significantly (p<0.05) in the Illinois agility
test, performed to the right. The land group showed significant (p<0.05)
improvements in peak concentric power during Fitrodyne repeated countermovement
jumps. All groups reflected highly significant (p<0.01) improvements in the Sergeant
vertical jump. None of the groups displayed any improvements in sprint speed. The
control was the only group to improve significantly in the standing broad jump
(p<0.05).
Land-based plyometric training might be a functionally superior training modality for
athletes, although aquatic plyometrics could also offer an effective training modality
for performance enhancement in power-based sports such as rugby union football.
Aquatic-based plyometrics should not completely replace land-based plyometrics, as
it might not adequately develop the specific neuromuscular patterns or functional
needs of explosive sports. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die effektiwiteit van ‘n water- en landgebaseerde
pliometriese program met mekaar te vergelyk in terme van geselekteerde, sportspesifieke
uitvoeringsveranderlikes in manlike adolessente rugbyspelers.
‘n Groep van 52 rugbyspelers (ouderdom: 16.3 ± 0.8 jaar, lengte: 176 ± 6.9 cm en
liggaamsmassa: 76.1 ± 11.9 kg) is lukraak in een van drie groepe ingedeel:
watergroep (n=18), landgroep (n=17), en ‘n kontrolegroep (n=17). Voor en na die
sewe-weke oefenprogram, is spelers se plofkrag, ratsheid en spoed getoets deur
middel van Fitrodyne herhaalde spronge, Sergeant vertikale sprong, Illinois
ratsheidstoets, staande verspring, en ‘n 10- en 40-m spoedtoets. Al drie groepe het
vir die duur van die intervensieperiode met hulle somersport aangegaan.
Na analise van die drie groepe se data, is daar geen statisties betekenisvolle verskille
tussen die groepe ten opsigte van die prestasieveranderlikes gevind nie. Die waterpliometriese
groep se prestasie in die Illinois ratsheidstoets na regs het statisties
beduidend (p<0.05) verbeter. Die landgroep het betekenisvolle (p<0.05) verbetering
in die piek konsentriese plofkrag met die Fitrodyne herhaalde spronge getoon. Aldrie
groepe het betekenisvolle (p<0.01) verbetering getoon in die Sergeant vertikale
sprong. Geen groep se spoed het verbeter nie. Slegs die kontrolegroep se staande
verspring het statisties betekenisvol verbeter.
Land-gebaseerde pliometriese oefening kan moontlik, vanuit ‘n funksionele oogpunt,
‘n beter oefenmodaliteit vir atlete wees. Watergebaseerde pliometriese oefening kan
egter ook ‘n oefenmodaliteit vir sport wat plofkrag vereis, soos rugby, wees.
Watergebaseerde pliometriese oefening behoort nie land-gebaseerde pliometriese
oefening te vervang nie, omdat dit moontlik nie aan die spesifieke neuromuskulêre
patrone en funksionele behoeftes van eksplosiewe sport voldoen nie.
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Monitoring stress and recovery among u/20 rugby union players over a training seasonNel, Trudine 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M Sport Sc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Stress and recovery plays an important role in the performance of semi-professional rugby players. Physiological and psychological markers have been established as reliable indicators of the recovery-stress state in athletes. Monitoring changes in the recovery-stress state enables the coaching staff to adapt training sessions to enhance performance.
The aim of this study was to monitor changes in stress and recovery states among U-20 rugby union players during a training year. Relationships regarding monitoring variables and differences in stress and recovery between playing positions were examined.
55 Players between the ages of 18 and 20 were monitored for 27 weeks, over a training year. The training year was divided into 5 training phases: Developing phase (week 1 – 7), Transitional phase (week 8 - 11), Early Competition phase (week 12 - 17), Performance phase (week 18 – 24), and High Performance phase (week 25 - 27). Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) for sessions were reported on a daily basis. The Heart-rate Interval Monitoring System (HIMS) test was run every week. The Stellenbosch Mood Scale (STEMS) and Self-Report questionnaires were completed on a weekly basis, and the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire (RESTQ-76-Sport) was completed once a month. Backline players physically recovered better and faster than the forwards throughout the training year, while the forwards exhibited better psychological coping methods. The backline players had significant higher scores for the Depression (p = 0.03), Anger (p = 0.009), and Confusion (p = 0.01) scales of the STEMS. The Total Mood Disturbance scores were also significantly higher (p = 0.03) for the backline players than the forwards during the Performance phase. The backline players experienced increased stress and decreased feelings of well-being during the competitive phases when compared to the forwards. The backline players had better physical recovery than the forwards after the high intensity and high volume Developing phase. Correlations were evident between the HIMS test and the RESTQ-76-Sport questionnaire. Additional correlations were found between training load, as well as training monotony and training strain, and scales of the RESTQ-76-Sport and STEMS questionnaires.
Lack of psychological skills-training might also have resulted in the players not knowing how to properly handle stressful situations and how to regulate their stress and recovery states. The lack of an educational system regarding recovery strategies, and the reinforcement thereof, especially during the Developing phases might play a role in the later increased fatigue and injury rates among the players. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Stres en herstel speel 'n groot rol in die prestasie van semi-professionele rugby spelers. Fisiologiese en sielkundige merkers is vasgestel as betroubare aanwysers ten opsigte van die stress-herstel toestand van atlete. Die monitoring van veranderinge in hierdie toestand kan die afrigtings-personeel help om die oefensessies aan te pas om optimale prestasie te verseker.
Die doel van hierdie navorsingstudie was om veranderinge in stres en herstel toestande in O/20 rugby unie spelers, oor 'n oefenjaar, te moniteer. Verhoudinge in monitering veranderlikes en moontlike verskille in die stress en herstel toestand tussen die voorspelers en agterspelers is ondersoek.
55 Spelers tussen die ouderdomme van 18 en 20 is vir 27 weke, oor 'n oefenjaar, gemonitor. Die oefenjaar was onderverdeel in vyf oefenfases nl. die Ontwikkelingsfase (week 1 – 7), die Oorskakelingsfase (week 8 – 11), die Vroeë Kompetisiefase (week 12 – 17), die Prestasiefase (week 18 – 25), en laastens die Hoë Prestasiefase (week 25 – 27). Spelers het daagliks hul “Rate of Perceived Exertion‟s” aangedui vir elke oefensessie. Die “Heart-rate Interval System” toets (HIMS) was een keer 'n week gehardloop. Die “Stellenbosch Mood States” (STEMS) en Selfrapporteringsvraelyste was op 'n weeklikse basis ingevul en die “Recovery-Stress Questionnaire-Sport” (RESTQ-76-Sport) was een keer 'n maand ingevul. Agterspelers het deur die jaar fisies beter en vinniger as die voorspeler herstel, terwyl die voorspelers beter sielkundige beheer getoon het. Die agterlyn se tellings vir die Depressie (p = 0.03), Woede (p = 0.009), en Vervanging (p = 0.01) skale van die STEMS was betekenisvol hoër as die telling van die voorspelers. Die Totale Gemoedsversteuringstellings was ook betekenisvol hoër vir die agterlyn as die voorspelers tydens die Prestasiefase (p = 0.03). Die agterspelers het toenemende stres tydens die kompetitisie fases ervaar, sowel as 'n afname in die gevoel van Welsyn. Die agterlyn het beter fisiese herstel na die hoë intensiteit en hoë volume Ontwikkelingsfase as die voorspelers getoon. Korrelasies is gevind tussen die HIMS en die RESTQ-76-Sport. Verdere korrelasies is ook tussen “training load”, sowel as “training monotony” en “training strain”, en sekere skale van die RESTQ-76-Sport en STEMS vraelyste gevind.
Die tekort aan sielkundige tegniek-ontwikkeling kon bydrae tot die spelers se verwardheid rondom die hantering van stresvolle situasies en hoe om hul stres en herstel toestande te reguleer. Die afwesigheid van „n opvoedkundige sisteem rondom herstel strategieë, en die toepassing daarvan, veral tydens die Ontwikkelingsfases, mag moontlik 'n rol speel in latere toenames in vermoeienis en getal beserings onder die spelers.
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Constructions of masculinity and masculine identities among male adolescent rugby players.Stephenson, Justin 27 February 2014 (has links)
This study explored the negotiation of masculine identities among male adolescent rugby players within South Africa, using the brief of "What it means to be a young man in South Africa today". Of particular interest was the way in which young men engaged with concepts of hegemonic masculinity and how they positioned their own and others' gender identities in relation to this. A total of 14 adolescent boys participated in two focus groups with the topic of masculinity as a discussion point. The research was situated within a qualitative research paradigm which allowed for the exploration, description and interpretation of the data generated during the focus groups. Two focus groups were held, with 10 and 4 participants in each group respectively. The focus group discussions were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data was analysed using a critical thematic analysis, in order to establish central themes within the data. Four prominent themes were indentified: the male body; aspirational role models; engagement and interaction with the feminine; and negotiation of alternative masculinities. Each theme was discussed and expanded on using appropriate theory. The study highlights how the young men actively engaged with the negotiation of their gendered identities, raising critical questions regarding the acceptance of many hegemonic or dominant forms of expression of masculinity. It was also noted that while there was engagement and debate surrounding the construction of gender identities, a rather conventional hegemonic form of masculinity was still largely regarded as the ideal. An interesting finding in the study was that while many of the young men prized a more hegemonic conception of masculinity, alternative forms were engaged and identified with, and at times were incorporated into a more fluid understanding and expression of gender identity.
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Effect of repeated eccentric demands placed on the lower limb musculature during simulated Rugby Union playBrown, Lisa Gill January 2010 (has links)
Epidemiological studies consistently report that muscular strains are a primary injury type in rugby union with the majority of the strains occurring to the quadricep and hamstring musculature. Recently it has been suggested that poor eccentric muscular strength is a precursor to hamstring and quadriceps strains during intermittent sports that require rapid acceleration and deceleration. Despite the high incidence of these muscle injuries in Rugby Union there has been little research into the possible mechanisms involved. Thus, the purpose of this study was to measure the physiological and perceptual responses during a simulated Rugby Union laboratory protocol and further, to identify changes in muscle recruitment patterns and muscle strength over time by comparing this protocol to a continuous, constant load protocol covering the same distance. The experimental condition (EXP) required university level players to perform 80 minutes of simulated rugby union play in a laboratory setting (on a walkway of 22m) which was compared to that of a control condition (CON) which involved subjects covering the same distance, at a constant speed of 4.2km.h-1 on a treadmill. Physiological, biophysical and perceptual responses were measured pre-, at half-time and post-protocol. Heart rate was significantly (p<0.01) greater as a result of EXP in comparison to the CON. Electromyography (EMG) of the vastus medialis was significantly (p<0.01) greater during the CON protocol. The EXP condition elicited higher iEMG activity in the hamstring musculature at all time intervals. In addition the iEMG of the semitendinosus decreased significantly (p<0.01) as a result of the EXP protocol. Peak eccentric knee extensors (EXT) (-13.19%) and flexors (FLEX) (-12.81%) torque decreased significantly during the experimental protocol. After passive half-time (236.67 + 56.27Nm (EXT) and 173.89 + 33.3NM (FLEX)) and at the end of the protocol (220.39 + 55.16Nm and 162.89 + 30.66Nm) reduced relative to pre protocol (253.89 + 54.54Nm and 186.83 + 33.3Nm). Peak eccentric knee extensors did not change during the control protocol. „Central‟ and ‟Local” Rating of Perceived Exertion values were significantly (P<0.01) greater during the EXP protocol with an increased incidence of hamstring discomfort and perceived pain (5 out of 10). The EXP protocol resulted in significantly (p<0.01) increased incidence of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). In conclusion, a stop-start laboratory protocol elicited increased heart rate, negatively impacted on muscle activity of the hamstrings, decreased eccentric strength in the lower limb musculature, resulted in increased ratings of „Central‟ and „Local‟ exertion and increased pain perception and increased incidence of DOMS. Thus, a stop-start rugby specific laboratory protocol has a negative impact on performance. Due to the specificity of the protocol being designed to match the demands of competitive match play it is expected that these changes in heart rate, muscle activity and strength, particularly eccentric strength, will impact negativity on performance during rugby match play and increase the likelihood of injury
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A psychophysiological study of anxiety as experienced by high school rugby playersJooste, Marli 04 June 2012 (has links)
M.A. / South Africans are known for their love of sports and rugby is one of the most popular sports in the country. Due to this nationwide love of rugby children are often exposed to the game from a very young age. However, children’s participation in competitive rugby is a complex matter. It is unclear whether children participate in rugby for the simple love of the game or because of the competitive culture that is dominant within South Africa. Numerous studies have expressed concerns about children’s participation in rugby due to the physical risks, the psychological stress that accompanies competitive sports, the emphasis on winning (pressure to perform) and the resultant disappointment of losing. Research has also demonstrated that elevated anxiety levels are an integral part of competitive sport participation and impact physiological and psychological behavioural responses. However, previous research has not focused on anxiety in relation to competitive sport participation in the South African context or on the impact that participation in competitive rugby has on children in South Africa. This study thus aimed to investigate the anxiety experienced by high school rugby players and determine the extent to which their involvement in competitive rugby contributes to this anxiety. A within-and-between, quasi-experimental design study was conducted to address this primary aim. Twenty (20) children participated in the study; 10 of the participants played high school rugby, while the remaining 10 participants were not involved in any sport.
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Die gebruik van persoonlikheidsprofiele in die verbetering van groepskohesie binne 'n rugbyspan : 'n gevallestudieBotha, Phillipus Jacobus 07 September 2012 (has links)
M.A. / In this study it is assumed that psychological factors are playing an increasingly important role in the success of rugby teams in a professional era. One such a factor is that of group dynamics and specifically that of group cohesion. In this study, the use of another psychological construct, personality, in the improvement of cohesion is investigated. The personality profiles of the players in a particular team are analysed to determine the possible effects that the personalities of the players could have on the cohesion in the team. In this regard, the Jackson Personality Inventory —Revised is used to plot the personality profiles of all the players. Only scales of the inventory, that are relevant to cohesion, are being used. The relevancy of these particular scales are determined by the literary review of the cohesion construct, which includes the definition and essence of cohesion. Correlation studies would have to determine the true correlation between cohesion and the selected scales of the inventory. General tendencies in the team regarding the profiles and consequent influence on cohesion are discussed as well as the individual profiles of each one of the members of the team. In this regard, the possible influence that a particular player's personality profile could have on the cohesion in the team, is indicated and discussed. It is concluded that the use of personality profiles could be seen as a framework from which coaches and managers of rugbyteams could make use of in order to improve the cohesion in the team.
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Doeloriëntering en selfkonsep in spansport met besondere verwysing na skolerugbyStrydom, Lukas Albertus. January 2002 (has links)
Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of South Africa, 2002.
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The growth and development of sport in Co. Tipperary, 1840-1880Bracken, Patrick January 2014 (has links)
The growth and development of sport in Co. Tipperary, 1840 to 1880, was promoted and supported by the landed elite and military officer classes. In the instances of cricket, rugby union and association football, the military were the principle agency through which these sports were disseminated among the people of Tipperary. Sporting trends which were fashionable in Great Britain also became evident in Ireland, and by extension, Tipperary. The thesis demonstrates the emergence of these sports at a micro-level in Tipperary and the qualitative research is indicative of the trends by which they became apparent. The degree to which horse racing and hunting to hounds became an integral aspect of the social lives of the elite class is reflected countywide. The associational culture among this class became evident in summer time recreations most notably archery, lawn tennis and cricket. Cricket was the one sport which was quickly diffused throughout the sporting community of Tipperary as it became, in the 1870s, the most prolific team sport in the county and played by all classes. Sport took place without borders and to this end patronage was a key element of this support. There were some notable supporters who gave of their time and money to ensure that the best resources were in place to bring this about. In this respect the 3rd Marquis of Waterford was a leading figure. The thesis clearly shows that sporting diversions continued through the traumatic famine period. As everyday life continued, so too did recreational sport. Hurling remained a part of Tipperary life and the research identifies new sources to demonstrate this. The growth and evolution of sport in Co. Tipperary, 1840-1880, is put into context with comparable studies in Ireland and Great Britain as the Victorian penchant for sport manifested itself in this part of rural Ireland.
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Association between antioxidant status and MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism in trained male athletes (rugby players) and sedentary male students controlled for antioxidant intakeSeele, Maria 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The human body has developed an integrated antioxidant defence system to protect
against free radical damage. Acute exercise may result in the increased generation of free
radicals, including reactive oxygen species, and this may overwhelm antioxidant defence
systems resulting in oxidative stress. However, it has been shown that individuals who
undergo regular exercise training may have improved antioxidant capacity when compared
to sedentary controls. Results from research regarding the association between
antioxidant capacity and exercise training are however not conclusive and further
investigation is required. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association
between the total plasma antioxidant status and selected plasma indicators of antioxidant
status and the MnSOD Ala-9Val (-28C®T) polymorphism in trained male athletes (rugby
players) and sedentary male students while controlling for dietary intake of the major
antioxidants using a validated dietary assessment method.
In order to address the potential confounding effect of dietary antioxidant intake on
antioxidant status in the main study, a FFQ that measures vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoid
and flavonoid intake was developed. The reproducibility was assessed by the repeat
administration of the FFQ (n = 38), while the va lidity was assessed using a 28-day closeended
dietary record and repeated plasma vitamin C values (n = 18). Several statistical
tests were conducted to compare the values obtained from the FFQ with values obtained
from the various reference methods. While results from Bland-Altman plots suggested that
the reproducibility and validity of FFQ was not completely satisfactory, similar mean values,
moderate to strong correlation coefficients, and a high percentage of individuals classified
correctly according to quartiles of intake indicated satisfactory reproducibility and validity of
the FFQ in assessing antioxidant intake. Furthermore, moderate to strong validity
coefficients obtained from the method of triads also indicated satisfactory validity for the
FFQ.
The main study involved a cross-sectional study that compared plasma vitamin C and
carotenoid levels as well as total plasma antioxidant status in trained rugby players (n = 76)
and sedentary male subjects (n = 39) with different MnSOD genotypes, while controlling
for dietary antioxidant intake. Rugby players had significantly higher plasma vitamin C and
carotenoid levels compared to sedentary students, which indicated more satisfactory
plasma antioxidant status. This was also reflected in the tendency for total plasma antioxidant status (ORAC assay) to be higher in rugby players than sedentary students.
MnSOD genotype did not influence plasma vitamin C and carotenoid levels or plasma total
antioxidant status, with or without control for dietary antioxidant intake. Dietary vitamin C,
vitamin E, carotenoid an flavonoid intake (from foods + supplements) was similar for rugby
players and sedentary students and was adequate for both groups. Thus the association
between antioxidant status and MnSOD genotype in rugby players and sedentary students
seemed not to be influenced by dietary antioxidant intake. In conclusion therefore, rugby
players undergoing regular exercise training had a more satisfactory antioxidant status
compared to sedentary students. Based on this conclusion, the widespread use of
antioxidant supplements by athletes is questioned. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die menslike liggaam beskik oor ‘n geintegreerde antioksidantmeganisme om dit teen
vryradikaalskade te beskerm. Akute oefening kan bydra tot ‘n verhoogde produksie van
vry radikale, insluitend reaktiewe suurstofspesies, wat kan veroorsaak dat die
antioksidantbeskermingsmeganisme oorlaai word, wat dan kan aanleiding gee tot die
ontstaan van oksidatiewe stress. Dit is aangetoon dat persone wat gereeld oefening doen
verbeterde antioksidantkapasiteit toon in vergelyking met persone wat geen oefening doen
nie. Die resultate van navorsingstudies wat die verband tussen antioksidantkapasiteit en
oefening ondersoek is egter teenstrydig en verdere navorsing op hierdie gebied is
essensieël om uitsluitsel te kry oor kontensieuse vraagstukke. Die doel van hierdie studie
was dus om ondersoek in te stel na die verband tussen plasma antioksidant status, die
MnSOD Ala-9Val (-28C T) polimorfisme en geselekteerde plasma antioksidantmerkers in
geoefende manlike atlete (rugby spelers) en ‘n onaktiewe manlike kontrolegroep terwyl
gekontroleer word vir die dieetinname van die vernaamste antioksidante.
Om vir die potensiële invloed van dieetantioksidantinname op die antioksidantstatus van
proefpersone in die hoofstudie te kontroleer, is ‘n voedsel frekwensievraelys wat vitamien
C-, vitamien E-, karotenoïed- en flavinoïedinname meet, ontwikkel. Die herhaalbaarheid
(betroubaarheid) van die vraelys is getoets deur herhaalde voltooiing daarvan deur ‘n
toetsgroep (n=38), terwyl die geldighied getoets is deur gebruik te maak van ‘n 28-dag
geslote dieetrekord en herhaalde plasma vitamien C bepalings as verwysingswaardes
(n=18). Verskeie statistiese toetse is uitgevoer om die frekwensievraelys waardes met die
verskillende verwysingswaardes te vergelyk. Alhoewel die Bland -Altman grafieke nie dui
op bevredigende herhaalbaarheid en geldigheid van die voedselfrekwensie vraelys nie, dui
gelyke gemiddelde waardes, matig tot sterk en betekenisvolle korrelasiekoeffisiënte en ‘n
hoë persentasie individue korrek geklassifiseer volgens kwartiele van inname, wel op
bevredigende herhaalbaarheid en geldigheid. Matige tot sterk geldigheidskoeffisiënte is
ook verkry met die toepassing van “The method of Triads”, wat verdere steun bied vir
bevredigende geldigheid.
In die hoofstudie is plasma vitamien C, karotenoïedvlakke en totale plasma
antioksidantstatus in manlike rugby spelers (n=76) vergelyk met dié van onaktiewe
manlike kontroles (n=39). Vergelykings tussen MnSOD genotipes binne die
aktiwiteitsgroepe is ook getref. Al genoemde analises is gekontroleer vir dieet antioksidantinname. Resultate dui daarop dat die plasma vitamien C en karotenoïedvlakke
van rugby spelers betekenisvol hoër was as dié van die kontrolegroep, wat dui op ‘n meer
bevredigende antioksidantstatus. Hierdie resultaat is ook weerspieël in die feit dat totale
plasma antioksidantstatus (ORAC) in die rugby spelers oog geneig was om hoër te wees
as dié van die kontrole groep. Dit het ook geblyk dat MnSOD genotipe nie ‘n effek gehad
het op plasma vitamien C-, karotenoïed- of totale antioksidantstatus nie, met of sonder
kontrole vir dieet antioksidantinname. Die dieet vitamien C-, vitamien E-, karotenoïed- en
flavinoïedinname (vanaf voedsel en supplemente) was dieselfde vir rugby spelers en
kontrole en was toereikend vir beide groepe. Dit blyk dus dat dat die verband tussen
antioksidantstatus en MnSOD genotipe in die twee groepe nie beinvloed is deur
antioksidantinname nie. Ten slotte kan die gevolgtrekking gemaak word dat manlike rugby
spelers ‘n meer bevredigende antioksidant status het as onaktiwe manlike kontroles. Op
grond van hierdie gevolgtrekking word die algemene gebruik van antioksidant
supplemente deur atlete bevraagteken.
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