Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Small Animal Clinical Sciences, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 27, 2009) Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.

Thesis (M. A.)--University of Canterbury, 2008. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-107). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boise State University, 2009. / Title from t.p. of PDF file (viewed June 7, 2010). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 51-54).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Northern Colorado, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [148]-160) Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Northern Colorado, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [148]-160)

Orientador: Benedito Sérgio Denadai / Banca: Herbert Gustavo Simões / Banca: Marco Túlio de Mello / Banca: Emerson Franchini / Banca: Mara Patrícia Traina Chacon Mikahil / Resumo: Os principais objetivos deste estudo foram: 1) Determinar e comparar em cicloergômetro a cinética do consumo de oxigênio (V02) em intensidades do domínio severo (constante de tempo - Tais), e a maior intensidade (Isup) e o menor tempo de exercício (Tsup) onde o VO2max pode ser alcançado, em ciclistas (dc), corredores (COR) e indivíduos sem treinamento (ST); 2) Verificar a validade de um modelo para estimar indiretamente a 1sup (lsup') e Tp (Tsup'). Onze COR, quinze dc e dez ST realizaram em dias diferentes os seguintes testes: 1) teste incremental para determinação do VO2max e da intensidade correspondente ao VO2max (lVO2max); 2) Testes de cargas constantes realizados aieatoriamente a 95. 100 e 1 1O%lVO2max, para determinar o tempo de exaustão (Tlim), Tau lsup' e Tsup'; 3) 2 a 4 testes de carga constante onde a intensidade foi aumentada ou diminuída até que o VO2max não pudesse ser atingido para determinação da lp e TSU. O tempo para atingir o VO2max (TAVO2max) foi calculado através de um modelo de uste mono-exponencial assumindo um valor de 4,6 vezes o Tau. O Tsup' foi estimado individualmente através da regressão linear entre os TAVO2max e seus respectivos Tlim. A l' foi estimada através do modelo hiperbólico de potência critica A ISUP foi considerada como a maior intensidade onde a média do V02 de três valores consecutivos de 5 s foi maior ou igual à média do VO2max obtidos nos testes incrementa] e de carga constante menos um desvio padrão. O Tsup foi considerado como o Tlim associado à ISLP. Os valores de VO2max (mlkg'-miW') (ST = 42,2 l 4,0; COR 54,6 l 5,5; CIC = 64,5 l 6,4) foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos. O TSUP e o Tau (todas as intensidades) foram semelhantes entre COR e ST e ambos maiores em relação ao CIC / Abstract: The main objectives of the present study were: 1) To determine and to compare in cycle ergometer the oxygen uptake (V02) kinetics in the severe intensity domam (time constam - Tau), and the highest intensity (Isup) and the shortest exercise time (Tsup) which VO2max can be elicitcd in cyclists (dc), runners (COR) and untrained subjects (ST); 2) to evaluate the validity of a model for estimating the 1sup (lsup) and Tsup (Tsup'). Fifleen CJC, eleven COR and ten ST performed in different days the following tests: 1) incrementa! tests for determination of VO2max and lhe intensity corresponding at VO2max (IVO2max); 2) fatigiing constam power tests at 95, 100 e 110% !VO2max lo determine the time to exhausúon (TIim), Tau, 1sup' and Tsp'. 3) 2 to 4 fatiguing constant power tests to determine 1sup e lhe power output was decreased or increased uniu VO2max can not be elicited. The time lo achieve VO2max (TAVO2max) was calculated by a monoexponentia! fit where was assumed a fixed value of 4,6 limes Tau. Linear regression techniques were used to describe the relalionship between lhe TAVO2max and Thm lo estimate indirectly Tsup'. lsup' was calcu!ated using the critical power model. Ip was assumed to be the highest intensity where lhe 5 s V02 values determined from rolling averages of 5 s samples was equai or higber than the average of VO2max obtained in lhe incrementa] and constam power tesls minus one standard deviation. Tsup was lhe TIjm associated with lsup. VO2max values (rnlKg1min') (ST = 422 l 40; COR 54.6 l 5.5; CIC = 64.5 l 64) were significanl!y differenl among lhe grcups. No significanl differences were found in Tp and Tau (ali exercises intensities) between COR and ST, however both groups showed higher values compared to dc in / Doutor

Muscle strength has been identified as an important contributor to athletic performance. Little attention however, has been paid to the specific relationship between peak isokinetic muscle strength and sprint starting performance. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of an adapted front knee angle, as determined by isokinetic assessment (the angle of peak torque production), on starting performance. Sixteen track sprinters, of elite-national or competitive-regional standard, were asked to perform eight sprints over 50m using four separate starting techniques. Technique 1 featured the athlete’s usual starting preferences while Techniques 2, 3 and 4 featured a standardised set of starting preferences with experimental modifications of the front knee angle in the “set” position. Isokinetic muscle strength was measured at slow (60°/s) and fast (240°/s) test speeds in order to determine the angle of peak torque production for concentric knee extension of each subject’s lead leg. Using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post Hoc analysis (LSD), no significant differences (p>0.05) were observed between the experimental techniques for: block time, force-time measures during block time, sprint times, sprint velocity and acceleratio n measures at intervals up to 50m. Significant differences (p<0.05) were however observed between reaction times for the experimental techniques. Slower reaction times are most likely due to increased upper body pretension, resulting from the increased hip elevation seen for these techniques. The results indicate that increased hip elevation may have delayed the initiation of the relevant motor response required to affect an optimal sprint start. Technique 1 resulted in the shortest reaction times, shortest block times, fastest sprint times and greatest sprint velocities for all four techniques. This result was possibly due to the athlete’s experience with, and repeated use of, this technique. The experimental techniques therefore provided no added advantage over the subject’s preferred starting technique and did not significantly optimise sprint starting performance. The results show that modification of the front knee angle had no significant influence on sprint starting performance and sprint running ve locity or acceleration patterns up to 50m. Using Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient to determine the strongest correlations between isokinetic knee strength and sprint starting performance, analysis revealed that the strongest relationships were found between sprint starting performance expressed as acceleration and isokinetic knee strength expressed as relative peak torque and absolute peak torque. For Technique 1 the strongest correlation was found between acceleration (30m - 40m) and relative peak torque as measured at a test speed of 240°/s (r = 0.62). For the remaining experimental techniques, the strongest correlation was found between acceleration (10m - 20m) and relative peak torque as measured at a test speed of 60°/s (r = 0.53) for Technique 2, between acceleration (40m - 50m) and peak torque measured at a test speed of 60°/s (r = 0.72) for Technique 3, and between acceleration (0m - 5m) and peak torque as measured at a test speed of 240°/s (r = 0.71) for Technique 4. These results suggest that isokinetic muscle strength does not correlate strongly with sprint starting performance and that additional factors, such as neuromuscular organisation and muscle fibre typing, possibly make a greater contribution to optimal sprint starting performance.

The purposes of this study were to examine the (a) attentional focus strategies used by high school distance runners, (b) changes in attentional focus across four laps in three 1.6 km runs, and (c) effects of a pre-performance intervention using motivational and instructional self talk on the attentional focus strategies used by and performance of high school distance runners. Participants (N = 42) completed a background and demographic questionnaire, the Cross Country Attentional Focus Inventory (CCAFI), a motivational and instructional statement survey, and the Self-Motivation Inventory. A series of oneway ANOVAs revealed significant differences in the types of attentional strategies used by each group, as well as fluctuations in use of strategies. The experimental group associated more during the each of the 1.6 km trials, whereas the control group dissociated more throughout each trial. A significant group by week interaction was found, with the experimental group maintaining their performance and the control group slowing from week one to week three.

Orientador: Antonia Dalla Pria Bankoff / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T02:53:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Schmidt_Ademir_D.pdf: 56451276 bytes, checksum: 5b096a2973998a3ce6ed8b83c8ddc707 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: As corridas de longa distância, sejam de caráter competitivo ou de promoção da saúde, geram cargas compressivas consideráveis no sistema locomotor. Essas cargas, se não adequadamente distribuídas, predispõem os praticantes a lesões crônicas e agudas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a distribuição da pressão plantar e do equilíbrio corporal em corredores de longa distância. Participaram do estudo 17 corredores de longa distância do sexo masculino com idade X = 28,5 :t 9,5 anos, peso X = 63,6 :t 6,9 Kg e altura X = 173,5 :t 7,0 cm. A seleção dos sujeitos foi feita segundo critérios de acessibilidade. Para o estudo da distribuição da pressão plantar e do equiHbrio corporal, foi utilizado um baropodômetro eletrônico para realizar uma análise estática, dinâmica (andando e correndo) e uma análise estabilométrica. Os três testes foram realizados com os corredores inicialmente descalços e posteriormente utilizando seu tênis de corrida. Além da análise baropodométrica, os sujeitos responderam um questionário contendo 23 perguntas sobre sua rotina de treino, índice de lesões sofridas, distância percorrida semanalmente, dentre outras. Na análise estatística utilizou-se o teste paramétrico t-Student para grupos independentes. Os resultados da análise baropodométrica estática dos corredores demonstraram distribuição assimétrica da carga entre os membros inferiores, com maior carga direcionada para a parte anterior do pé direito. A distribuição da pressão plantar revelou maior carga na parte anterior do pé esquerdo nos testes dinâmicos com os corredores descalços, enquanto que nos testes com o calçado esportivo não foram detectadas diferenças significantes. Foi constatado que os corredores avaliados realizam o contato pé-solo predominantemente com a parte anterior do pé. O uso do calçado esportivo não apresentou nenhuma interferência específica nos testes realizados. A oscilação do centro de pressão foi maior nos testes monopodálicos. O estudo do equilíbrio corporal demonstrou significativa dependência do sistema visual e tendência de maior oscilação do centro de pressão no eixo X / Abstract: Long distance running as a competitive way or even to promote health produces considerable compressive load on the locomotor system. If this load is not properly distributed, it makes practitioners prone to chronic and acute injuries. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to study the plantar pressure distribution and body balance in long distance runners. In total 17 male long distance runners were considered for this study with age X = 28.5 :t 9.5, weight X = 63.6 :t 6.9 kg and height X = 173.5 :t 7.0 cm. The selection of individuaIs was done by following accessibility criteria. To perform the study ofthe plantar pressure distribution and body balance an electronic baropodometer was used. The baropodometric tests comprised a static, a dynamic (walking and running) and a stabilometric analysis. All tests were performed initially barefoot and afterwards with the runners wearing their running shoes. The individuaIs also responded to a 23 question survey about their practice routine, injury incidence, distance performed during the week and so forth. A parametric t-Student test for independent groups was used for the statistic analysis. The results of the static baropodometric analysis showed asymmetric pressure distribution between the lower extremities, with greater pressure directed to the right forefoot. The plantar pressure distribution reveled grater load directed to the left forefoot in the dynamic tests performed with the sport running shoes, meanwhile no significant differences were detected in the barefoot tests. The results also demonstrated that the runners evaluated in this study were predominantly forefoot strikers. The running shoes did not show any specific influence on the tests results. Oscillation of the center of pressure was greater in the unilateral tests. The body balance study revealed significant visual system dependence and a tendency of greater oscillations ofthe center ofpressure on the X-axis / Doutorado / Ciencia do Desporto / Doutor em Educação Física

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of a submaximal running warm-up on running performance in male endurance athletes (n = 16, Mage = 21 ± 2 years, MVO2max = 69.3 ± 5.1 mL/kg/min). Method: Endurance performance was determined by a 30-min distance trial after control and submaximal running warm-up conditions in a randomized crossover fashion. The warm-up began with 5 min of quiet sitting, followed by 6 min of submaximal running split into 2-min intervals at speeds corresponding to 45%, 55%, and 65% maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). A 2-min walk at 3.2 km/hr concluded the 13-min warm-up protocol. For the control condition, participants sat quietly for 13 min. VO2 and heart rate (HR) were determined at Minutes 0, 5, and 13 of the pre-exercise protocol in each condition. Results: At the end of 13 min prior to the distance trial, mean VO2 (warm-up = 14.1 ± 2.2 mL/kg/min vs. control = 5.5 ± 1.7 mL/kg/min) and mean HR (warm-up = 105 ± 11 bpm vs. control = 67 ± 11 bpm) were statistically greater (p < .001) in the warm-up condition compared with the control condition. The distance run did not statistically differ (p = .37) between the warm-up (7.8 ± 0.5 km) and control (7.7 ± 0.6 km) conditions; however, effect size calculation revealed a small effect (d = 0.2) in favor of the warm-up condition. Thus, the warm-up employed may have important and practical implications to determine placing among high-level athletes in close races. Conclusions: These findings suggest a submaximal running warm-up may have a small but critical effect on a 30-min distance trial in competitive endurance athletes. Further, the warm-up elicited increases in physiological variables VO2 and HR prior to performance; thus, a submaximal specific warm-up should warrant consideration.