The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of poaching within the Southern Appalachian Region. To date, little research has been conducted on the general topic of poaching and no studies have focused on this Region. Several research questions were pursued, including perceptions of poacher motivations, methods and concern regarding apprehension and punishment. The study gathered data through qualitative interviews with 27 conservation officers and outdoorsmen located in Southern Appalachia to address these questions. Results provided useful information regarding the unique characteristics of the poaching problem within the Region, which are discussed in detail. Implications and directions for future research are also covered.

This study examined the relationship between social structures and crime among rural white and urban black males in North Carolina through the theoretical framework of Merton's Anomie. Using demographic information on the state's inmate population provided by the North Carolina Department of Corrections, the subjects' individual characteristics were studied alongside community level conditions to establish whether anomic conditions did coincide with specific types of crimes and whether individuals from each group would commit the same types of crimes. The study population came from the rural counties of Graham, Alleghany, Swain, and Mitchell and the urban communities within Charlotte of Mecklenburg County. Univariate and Bivariate analysis were used to establish the significance and strength of any relationships between the variables. The findings indicated that while the category of offense was different for each group, the implied intent was the same. Both committed crimes that would benefit them in a pecuniary manner.

Entre 1906 et 1914, un petit village de l’arrière-pays de Grasse, Pégomas, fut submergé par une vague de violence. Des bandits de grand chemin semèrent la terreur, mettant le feu à des granges, lapidant des maisons, tirant sur les habitants, profanant des cimetières. Les événements survenaient la nuit, et la traque des malfaiteurs était malaisée : les possibilités de fuite dans les collines boisées, l’organisation du village en hameaux épars, compliquaient la tâche des enquêteurs. Ces bandits insaisissables furent bientôt appelés « fantômes » par la presse. Les moyens dépêchés sur place étaient considérables : en 1912, on dénombre un serviteur de l’ordre pour quinze villageois. Chacun y allait de son interprétation : les uns y lisaient la résurgence du conflit entre le parti clérical et des libres penseurs. Les autres imaginaient une révolte contre les potentats locaux. En réalité, les tensions révélées par cette affaire prennent leur source dès 1894, alors que Pégomas opte pour une spécialisation horticole. Après 1906, la médiatisation de ces faits-divers sur le plan local et sur le plan national inquiète les pouvoirs publics ; ils craignent pour l’image renvoyée aux riches hivernants étrangers, et rejettent la faute sur les migrants piémontais. Ces brigands défient le pouvoir comme l’avait fait le célèbre « Calabrais ». Ces fantômes écornent le mythe rassembleur du paysan laborieux et des campagnes pacifiées par la République. Cette affaire constitue ainsi un observatoire de choix pour penser les mutations du moment : laïcisation et décloisonnement des sociétés rurales, modernisation des institutions chargées de la régulation sociale et du maintien de l’ordre. / Between 1906 and 1914, a wave of violence swept over Pégomas, a small village in Provence. Higywaymen sewed terror, setting barns on fire, stoning houses, shooting on the village dwellers, and desecrating churches. These occurrences took place at night, which made the hunting down of the bandits difficult. The investigators’ task was further complicated by the woody hills, where the bandits could retreat, and by the fact that the village consisted of a series of scattered hamlets. The newspapers soon nicknamed those elusive bandits “the ghosts.” The authorities spared no expense: by 1912, one law enforcement officer for fifteen village dwellers had been sent to the place. Interpretations were rife: some viewed the events as a sign that the struggle between the clerical party and the free-thinkers had resurfaced. Others saw in them a rebellion against the local authorities. The true origin, however, is to be found in the horticultural specialization system implemented in Pégomas. As of 1906, the authorities began fretting over the publicity generated by the intensive media coverage of the events. They worried over the image it gave to rich foreign winter holiday-makers and blamed the events on the Piedmontese migrants. The bandits were defying the authorities as the famed “Calabrian” already had. Beyond that, these so-called ghosts challenge the unifier myth of the Republic having brought peace to the countryside. The events thus constitute an ideal vantage point from which to analyse a time of change: the secularization and opening up of rural communities, the modernization of the institutions in charge of social regulation and of the maintenance of law and order.

In the discourse of crime and place, the focus has rarely fallen on rural crime. While experiencing comparably lower crime levels than urban counterparts, the common association with rural areas as being symbols of peace and friendly social interaction is not necessarily accurate. One group that often are thought of as inherently rural is farmers, who’s workplaces may possess certain unique vulnerabilities to crime compared to other locations. This thesis aims to obtain a better understanding of the threats against farmers related to animal production in a Swedish context, adding to the knowledge base regarding rural crime and sustainable development of rural and urban areas. The objectives of the study are: • to investigate the nature of the victimization of farmers devoted to animal production in Sweden, especially related the situational conditions of farms and rural areas. • to explore new data that could be used to approximate the scale of the threats against farmers using data from media archives from 2009 to 2019. This study reports types, frequency, and location of crimes against animal production with a focus on mink, rabbit and pig farms. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is used to report the geography of these offences at municipal level. The theories of the routine activity approach and situational crime prevention are used to try to explain certain conditions that may facilitate crime on farms, while the offenders are explored using the theory on techniques of neutralization. The findings of the study show that the experience of the chosen actor’s varied greatly, but with crimes such as trespassing, vandalism and theft being common types of offenses across the board. The locations of the crime events were focused in the southern to mid of Sweden. Situational conditions that may have facilitated crime includes: the large size of farms and low population density providing low detection of crime, high value targets, and relatively high accessibility to the farms. From the data, mainly three techniques of neutralization were observed to be utilized: denial of the victim, denial of injury and appeal to higher loyalties. Multiple techniques were observed to be utilized together, while simultaneously exploiting situational conditions to facilitate the neutralization.

No description available.

This qualitative research and case study analysis resulted from the dearth of information on livestock theft and the livestock theft perpetrators. The purpose of this study was to explore, describe and explain the criminal behaviour associated with livestock theft from a criminological point of view by compiling a sample-specific profile of the perpetrators. Interviews were conducted with 35 offenders, 28 case dockets were analysed and additional interviews were conducted with the SAPS STU members and victims to determine the modus operandi, motives and causes of the crimes. Criminological theories were applied to explain the offending behaviour. The findings of this study revealed that the livestock theft perpetrators come from diverse backgrounds regarding age, qualification status and socio-economic class. Their crimes were of an organised nature and the motives and causes revealed that financial intent was the main driving factor of the behind the thefts. / Dinyakisiso tsa boleng le tshekatsheko ya dinyakisiso tsa tiragalo di feleleditse ka tlhokego ya tshedimoso ka ga bohodu bja leruo le basenyi ba bohodu bja leruo. Maikemisetso a dinyakisiso tse e bile go utolla, go hlatholla le go hlalosa maitshwaro a bosenyi a go amana le bohudu bja leruo go ya ka lehlakore la tsa bosenyi ka go ngwala phrofaele ya mabapi le sampole ya mahodu a leruo. Dipoledisano di swerwe le basenyi ba 35, ditokete tsa melato di ile tsa sekasekwa gomme dipoledisano tsa tlaleletso di ile tsa swarwa le maloko a Lekala la Maphodisa leo le somago ka Bohodu bja Leruo le batswasehlabelo ka nepo ya go tseba mokgwa wo o somiswago ka bohodung bja leruo, maikemisetso le tseo di bakago bosenyi. Diteori ka ga dithuto tsa bosenyi di ile tsa diriswa go hlalosa maitshwaro a tshenyo. Dikutollo tsa dinyakisiso di utollotse gore basenyi ba bohodu bja leruo ba tswa maemong ao a fapanego mabapi le mengwaga, maemo a tsa thuto le maemo a ekonomi ya setshaba. Bosenyi bja bona ke bjo bo rulagantswego gomme maikemisetso le dilo tseo di bakago bosenyi di utollotse gore maikemisetso a tsa ditshelete, bojato, go iphedisa, tlhokego ya mesomo, boipuseletso, kgatelelo ya sethaka, maemo a setshabeng le tshomisobosaedi ya diokobatsi e bile dilo tse kgolo tseo di bakago bohodu. / Uhlaziyo locwaningo lwe-qualitative kanye ne-case study luvezwe wumphumela wokusweleka kolwazi ngokuntshontshwa kwemfuyo kanye nalabo abantshontsha imfuyo. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo ukuhlola, ukucacisa kanye nokuchaza ukuziphatha kobugebengu obuhambisana nokuntshontshwa kwemfuyo, ngokulandela izifundo zezobugebengu ngokwenza uhlaka olulula lohlobo lwalabo abenza lobu bugebengu. Kwenziwe izingxoxo zama-interview nabenzi bubugebengu abangu 35, kwahlaziywa namadokethi amacala kwabuye kwenziwa ama-interview namalunga ezamaphoyisa abhekene nokuntshontshwa kwemfuyo abe-Stock Theft Unit kanye nalabo abangamaxhoba okuntshontshelwa imfuyo, ukuthola indlela okusetshenzwa ngayo, isisusa kanye nembangela yobugebengu. Amathiyori ezifundo ngobugebengu asethenziswe ukuchaza indlela yokuziphatha kobugebengu. Okutholakele kucwaningo kuveze ukuthi izigebengu ezintshontsha imfuyo zivela emikhakheni ehlukene, maqondana neminyaka yobudala, izinga lemfundo kanye nesimo sezomnotho emphakathini. Ubugebengu yinhlobo yobugebengu obuhleliwe, kanti izisusa nezimbangela zikhombise inhloso yezezimali, ubugovu, ukuzama ukuziphilisa, ukusweleka kwemisebenzi, impindiselo, ingcindezelo ngontanga, isimo emphakathini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngezinye zezinto ezingumfutho obangela lokhu kuntshontshwa kwemfuyo. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminology)