The crises which contemporary capitalism goes by reveal its contradictory face that is made in the midst of its own condition of existence as a system that reproduces itself through the accumulation of wealth. To think of crisis emerged from overaccumulation or capital surplus is to understand that there are contradictions that are deeply rooted in the very model of structure that it creates. The economic crisis in the United States in 2008 affected the real estate sector, raising new interests among the different agents of capital in the era of financialization of the economy - financial capital. It can be seen from then on that housing policy assumes an important role in capturing new spaces and, consequently, profit in order to remedy the impacts of the crisis. In this context, the rural environment of Colony Treze Village, located in the municipality of Lagarto, Sergipe state, has received housing projects to benefit the low income population through the Residential Lease Program through state action. The social use of land has received new contours, which influences the social use of agricultural land and its exchange value. We have the configuration of new spatial rearrangements in the region through the suppression of the rural habits and the entrance of urban equipment, once that the supranational organs need these rearrangements for the so called financialization of the economy. The land structure and land use in Brazil have been demostrated as structural components of the unequal distribution of social classes and configures the interests of the owners of the means of production as an instrument of socio-territorial control and maintenance of the economic system, supported by the contribution of the state machinery. Nowadays, the investments of the capital approach the countryside and the city, as a way to guarantee its amplified reproduction with the metamorphosis of the rural spaces, synthesis of the change in the use of the soil. The present research intends to reflect on the impacts of the 2008 crisis, through the current public housing policies; To analyze how these policies remodel the space of the referred Colony and how they affect the social use of the land. In order to fulfill these and other objectives, the specialized literature on the state of the art was read, associated to the critical reading of the empirical reality of the municipality of Lagarto; interviews; Photographic record of the study area. The collection of quantitative data was made at IBGE, at Ministry of Labor and Ministry of Agriculture, at the Municipal Health Secretariat and at Coopertreze (Mixed Cooperative Farmers of Treze Ltda). It can be seen that the housing policy, symbol of the financial capital in the midst of the crisis, has caused changes in the organizational structure of the place: change in the municipal legislation - creation of the area of urban expansion - to attend to the dictates of the real estate capital; Land valuation; Greater power of action of the financing bodies - banks; Change in work profile, less linkage to agricultural land and greater dependence on the secondary and tertiary sectors. / As crises por que passa o capitalismo contemporâneo revela sua face contraditória que se faz em meio a sua própria condição de existência como sistema que se reproduz através da acumulação de riqueza. Pensar em crise advinda da superacumulação ou do excedente de capital é compreender que existem contradições fortemente enraizadas no seio do próprio modelo de estrutura por ele criado. A crise econômica ocorrida nos Estados Unidos no ano de 2008 afetou o setor imobiliário, suscitando novos interesses entre os distintos agentes do capital na era da financeirização da economia - capital financeiro. Constata-se a partir de então que a política habitacional assume papel importante na captação de novos espaços e, consequentemente, de lucro para sanar os impactos da crise. Nesse contexto o meio rural do Povoado Colônia Treze, situado no município de Lagarto, estado de Sergipe, tem recebido projetos habitacionais para beneficiar a população de baixa renda pelo Programa de Arrendamento Residencial através da ação do Estado. O uso social da terra tem recebido novos contornos, o que influi no uso social da terra agrícola e no seu valor de troca. Tem-se a configuração de novos rearranjos espaciais na região a partir da supressão dos hábitos rurais e a entrada de equipamentos urbanos, como necessidade dos órgãos supranacionais com a chamada financeirização da economia. A estrutura fundiária e o uso da terra no Brasil tem se pautado como componentes estruturais da desigual distinção de classes sociais e configura os interesses dos proprietários dos meios de produção como instrumento de controle socioterritorial e manutenção do sistema econômico, tendo como aporte a máquina estatal. Atualmente as investidas do capital aproximam campo e cidade, como forma de garantir sua reprodução ampliada a partir da metamorfose nos espaços rurais, síntese da mudança no uso do solo. A presente investigação pretende refletir sobre os impactos da crise de 2008, através das atuais políticas públicas de habitação; analisar como tais políticas remodelam o espaço da referida Colônia e como afetam o uso social da terra. Para o cumprimento desses e de outros objetivos foram realizadas leitura da literatura especializada sobre o estado da arte, associados à leitura crítica da realidade empírica do município de Lagarto; entrevistas; registro fotográfico da/na área de estudo. A coleta de dados quantitativos fez-se junto ao IBGE, Ministério do Trabalho e Ministério da Agricultura, na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e na Coopertreze (Cooperativa Mista dos Agricultores do Treze). Percebe-se que a política habitacional, símbolo do capital financeiro em meio a crise, tem causado mudanças na estrutura organizacional do lugar: mudança na legislação municipal – criação da área de expansão urbana - para atendimento aos ditames do capital fictício imobiliário; valorização fundiária; maior poder de atuação dos órgãos financiadores - bancos; alteração no perfil do trabalho, menor ligação com a terra agrícola e maior dependência do setor secundário e terciário.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-25T13:04:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSEFA DENISE DE FARIAS - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGCS) 2016.pdf: 3861489 bytes, checksum: 8e738fe2aca1b59a9482ef60363de044 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T13:04:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSEFA DENISE DE FARIAS - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGCS) 2016.pdf: 3861489 bytes, checksum: 8e738fe2aca1b59a9482ef60363de044 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / O presente estudo buscou analisar as atividades de confecções no cariri paraibano, sobretudo as percepções de mudanças dos sujeitos acerca das novas formas de trabalho que têm ocorrido com a inserção de unidades de confecções neste território. O foco desse trabalho foi identificar e analisar como os sujeitos veem algumas mudanças ocorridas em tal espaço após a introdução da costura oriunda do Polo de Confecções de Santa Cruz do Capibaribe. Procuramos então perceber a partir de um recorte feito no pequeno município de Coxixola situado no Cariri Ocidental, por meio entrevistas com costureiros e costureiras, bem como com alguns fabricantes e o gestor do município, o que essas unidades de produção provocaram de mudança na vida deles e de suas famílias, uma vez que trata-se de famílias que viviam da agricultura de subsistência e hoje buscam aliar o escasso retorno de renda originado da agricultura ao trabalho da costura, que tem sido o sustento de dezenas de famílias nesta região, tornando-se cada vez mais relevante para a economia local. Ao longo da pesquisa trabalhamos três pontos acerca da visão dos trabalhadores da região: 1) sobre as novas formas de trabalho no ambiente rural, mostrando assim a coexistência entre a agricultura de subsistência e a costura no ambiente pesquisado constatando que mesmo essas famílias tendo a necessidade de introduzir uma outra atividade em seu meio, procuram aliá-la à agricultura para não perderem suas raízes; 2) o desenvolvimento das unidades de confecção neste espaço, fazendo um pequeno apanhado de como a costura foi introduzida e se desenvolveu na região; e 3) como os trabalhadores percebem as principais mudanças na região a partir da inserção da costura. / The present study sought to analyze the garment activities in the Paraíba cariri, especially the perceptions of changing that the subjects have about the new forms of work that have occurred with the insertion of confection units in this territory. The focus of this work was to identify and analyze how the subjects see some changes occurred in such space after the introduction of sewing in the Santa Cruz do Capibaribe. We then try to perceive from a cut made in the small municipality of Coxixola located in Western Cariri, through interviews with seamstresses, as well as with some manufacturers and the manager of the municipality, what these production units caused to change their lives and of their families, since these are families living from subsistence agriculture and today they seek to combine the scarce return of income from agriculture to the work of sewing, which has been the livelihood of dozens of families in this region, has become increasingly relevant to the local economy. Throughout the research we worked on three points about the vision of workers in the region: 1) about the new forms of work in the rural environment, thus showing the coexistence between subsistence agriculture and sewing in the researched environment, noting that even these families having the need to introduce another activity in their midst, seek to combine it with agriculture so as not to lose its roots; 2) the development of the confection units in this space, giving a brief look at how the seam was introduced and developed in the region; and 3) how workers perceive the major changes in the region from the insertion of the seam.

The educational changes introduced by the South African democratic dispensation after 1994 were meant to address the apartheid imbalances. The self-governing regime sought to bring and safeguard quality education for all, and to amend the previous education inequalities among all racial groups. Hence, the new curriculum that was introduced by the National Department of Basic Education was meant to be a drastic departure from the school curricula of the apartheid administration. One critical innovation sought was to replace a teacher-centred curriculum with a learner-centred curriculum. The emphasis of this study, therefore, was to determine the level to which learner- centred teaching has been adopted by rural and underdeveloped schools. The selection of rural schools was informed by the obvious differences that still persist between the former Model C schools and those that were predominantly black and underdeveloped, particularly in terms of resources and the quality of teachers. Given the fact that the main feature of the Outcomes Based Education (OBE) that was introduced from 1996 is that it is resource-reliant, the main research question of the study was therefore: How do educators in rural and underdeveloped schools cope with a learner-centred teaching as part of the curriculum innovation? In order to riposte to the study’s main question, the researcher used qualitative research methods to discern data from Physical Sciences teachers, learners and Physical Sciences Heads of Departments (Hods) from the selected schools. In addition, the researcher conducted classroom teaching observations, analysed relevant documents and interviewed some participants to determine their views and experiences on using a learner-centred approach. The findings of the study revealed many challenges to rural schools in adopting and implementing a learner-centred approach. These include the lack of relevant resources, poor quality of teachers, insufficient and inappropriate teacher-support programmes for teachers as well as the rural environmental challenges. The overall conclusion of the study is that, after two decades since the introduction of a learner-centred approach in South Africa, rural schools have not yet managed to adopt and implement learner-centred pedagogy as an important part of the post-1994 educational innovations. The researcher finds it ironic that apartheid education was demonized for promoting inequality around racial lines. Sadly, the post-apartheid innovations have yet to address equality among the racial groups and areas of resident. The inability of rural schools to adopt and implement learner-centred approach is depriving black and rural learners of quality learning. They are still subjected to a teacher-centred learning which does not assist them to acquire required skills which can help them to compete with those learners who are attending affluent urban schools. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)