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The effects of external debt burden on capital accumulation: a case study of Rwanda.Habimana, Andre January 2005 (has links)
This study attempted to examine the nature of the relationship between high levels of external debt and capital accumulation with the case study of Rwanda.
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Human-Centered Design of an Air Quality Feedback System to Promote Healthy CookingIribagiza, Chantal 31 July 2018 (has links)
Household air pollution (HAP) is responsible for almost 4 million premature deaths every year, a burden that is primarily carried by women and children in developing countries. The mortality and morbidity impact of HAP can be significantly alleviated through clean cookstove interventions. However, for these interventions to be effective, the new intervention stove must be a substantially cleaner technology and adoption should be high and sustained over time.
Woody biomass is the fuel of choice in many developing communities, and contributes substantially to HAP. Several organizations have launched clean cooking interventions to address this issue. However, the majority of those interventions do not address adoption related challenges, that they often face.
This thesis explores previous studies on Human-Centered Design (HCD) and the impact of feedback and data access on behavior change. It details a HCD process and methodology applied during the design process of an air quality feedback system, to improve adoption of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookstoves in Rwanda. The feedback system is intended to provide real-time air quality information to stove users and potentially encourage them to abandon traditional biomass cookstoves in favor of the cleaner LPG stoves.
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An investigation of the effectiveness of public participation in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) implementation process : Rwandan case studies.Nkulanga, George Bob. January 2010 (has links)
There is an increased need for PP in making decisions that affects their livelihood and the environment surrounding them. Rwanda continues to strive to initiate programs and projects to ensure improved living conditions for the citizens. It is important and necessary to ensure that the interested and affected community member take an active role in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) decision making process. Without consultation and meaningful participation of interested and affected parties (IAP’s), there is a serious danger of conflict of interests during project implementation. Such conflict of interests so often contributes to project delays through litigations, loss of invested resources and environmental degradation. The need for meaningful public involvement in the EIA process has been recognized by the World Bank, and the European Union Governments, the United Nations, and many governments around the world. There is also a large amount of research literature that supports the concept of the EIA process. This study has 4 key objectives, namely; 1) Determine the requirements for, and barriers to effective PP in the EIA implementation process; 2) review three EIA practical case studies in Rwanda in order to investigate the effectiveness in ensuring PP in practice; 3) explore the views of Interested and Affected Parties (Environmental consultants, NGOs, REMA and community representatives) with regard to the effectiveness of PP in EIA processes in Rwanda; 4) To consider the future for meaningful PP in the EIA process in Rwanda. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a wide selection of literature on PP in the EIA process has been reviewed; document analysis, questionnaire interviews, and three case studies have been reviewed. The findings of this research reveal that, with specific reference to the cases studied, the current EIA implementation process in Rwanda is ineffective in ensuring meaningful public involvement. Some procedural challenges have been identified in the implementation process and these acts as a barrier to effective participation. They include: • inadequate follow-up of compliance, • absence of the PP guidelines, • late public involvement in the EIA process and • poor communication mechanisms. The following recommendations are made to enhance meaningful PP in the EIA process in Rwanda: • that there be a full exchange of information between developers and IAP’s involvement should be increased to ensure informed decision-making and meaningful input; • that there be early public involvement in the EIA Process to reduce manipulation and possible conflicts; • that PP guidelines should be established and formalized to ensure effective monitoring, enforcement and compliance. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2010.
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The effects of external debt burden on capital accumulation: a case study of Rwanda.Habimana, Andre January 2005 (has links)
This study attempted to examine the nature of the relationship between high levels of external debt and capital accumulation with the case study of Rwanda.
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The effects of external debt burden on capital accumulation: a case study of RwandaHabimana, Andre January 2005 (has links)
Magister Commercii - MCom / This study attempted to examine the nature of the relationship between high levels of external debt and capital accumulation with the case study of Rwanda. / South Africa
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The changing nature of conflict in Africa : challenges for the United NationsWeldon, Catherine Leigh 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA) -- Stellenbosch University, 2006. / Includes bibliography / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The nature of conflict in Africa has changed from the Cold War to the post-cold War
era. This is evident in the internal and external factors and actors involved within the
conflict dynamics. During the Cold War era politics and the quest for control of the
state formed the basis for conflicts in Africa, from anti-colonial wars of independence
and liberation struggles to secessionist attempts. In the post-Cold War era with the
loss of external superpower support, this has changed with the growing significance
of identity politics, and conflicts based on the differences of ethnicity, religion and the
quest for the control of resources and land, characterised by extreme violence and the
rise of actors other than the state, within failed and collapsed states. These conflicts
have thus presented challenges to the United Nations (UN) in relation to its traditional
means of maintaining international peace and security, and the internal dynamics of
the decision-making processes, political will and accompanying resources and
financial factors within the organisation. The challenges faced by the UN in Africa
therefore lie not only within the nature of conflict and the nature of the African state
but also within the internal constraints inherent within the organisation itself. The
conflicts in Mozambique and Rwanda respectively represent how the nature of
conflict has changed in Africa from the Cold War to the post-Cold War era and both
illustrate the challenges the UN has faced in light of the changing nature of African
conflict. While Mozambique offers an example of a typical Cold War conflict, based
on the quest for control of the state and exacerbated by superpower support, Rwanda
represents an example of a typical post-Cold War internal conflict based on identity
politics and extreme violence manifest as genocide. By comparing and contrasting
these two conflicts, and the subsequent involvement of UN peace maintenance
operations in these conflicts, this thesis offers a comparative study of "old" and "new"
wars in Africa in order that a better understanding of the nature of conflict in Africa
can be reached and to illustrate the challenges faced by the UN in light of this
changing nature of conflict. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die aard van konflik in Afrika het vanaf die tydperk van die Koue Oorlog tot die na-Koue
Oorlog tydperk aansienlik verander. Dit is in die innerlike en uiterlike faktore
en akteurs wat by die konflik betrokke is waarneembaar. Gedurende die Koue Oorlog
tydperk was interstaatlike konflik 'n hoofkenmerk. Dit was ook die fase van antikoloniale
oorloë wat dikwels met eksterne steun geveg is. In die na-Koue Oorlog
tydperk met die verlies van uiterlike supermoondheid ondersteuning, het interne
konflik binne swak state dikwels oor die beheer van skaars hulpbronne, of oor
identiteit en griewe gegaan. Die konflik het uitdagings aan die Verenigde Nasies (VN)
gestel wie se vredesregime kwalik vir rebelle en kindersoldate voorsiening gemaak
het. Dit het ook eise gestel aan die politieke wilskrag van lede van die Veiligheidsraad
om in dergelike konflikte betrokke te raak. Die uitdaging vir die VN in Afrika lê dus
nie net in die aard van konflik en die aard van die staat in Afrika wat verander het nie,
maar ook in nuwe eise vir vrede. Die twee gevallestudies van die konflik in
Mosambiek en Rwanda demonstreer hoe hierdie aard van konflik verander het, en hoe
moeilik dit is om vrede te maak waar akteurs (rolspelers) kwalik binne konvensionele
raamwerke hanteer kan word. Waar Mosambiek 'n voorbeeld van 'n tipiese Koue
Oorlogse konflik was - stryd vir die beheer oor die staat en aangevuur deur
supermoonhede, is Ruanda weer 'n meer eietydse voorbeeld van 'n tipiese na-Koue
Oorlogse interne konflik, gebaseer op identiteitspolitiek wat met ekstreme geweld en
volksmoord gepaard gegaan het. Hierdie tesis bied 'n vergelykende studie van sulke
"ou" en "nuwe" oorloë in Afrika en bied moontlik 'n beter begrip van die aard en
oplossing van sulke konflikte wat by uitstek nuwe uitdagings aan die tradisionele
opvattings van die VN stel.
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