Over the past decade the focus of our group has been production of polycarbonates through environmentally friendly routes. Continuing with this tradition, one such route is the ring opening polymerization of cyclic carbonates. The aliphatic polycarbonate derived from trimethylene carbonate, (TMC, 1, 3-dioxan-2-one), has been studied extensively for its potential use as a biodegradable polymer in biomedical and pharmaceutical systems. Its important applications include sutures, drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. To date, majority of the literature concerning catalysts for polymerization of TMC has been restricted to the use of simple Lewis acids with a marked absence of well defined and characterized catalysts. Metal salen complexes have been effective in the ring opening of cyclohexene oxide and the copolymerization of epoxide and carbon dioxide. The ability of this system as a catalyst for the polymerization of cyclic carbonates to polycarbonates is reported in this dissertation. The salen ligand is among the most versatile ligands in chemistry. Our attempts to optimize the catalytic activity by manipulating the salen structure and reaction conditions are also discussed. Our initial efforts were concentrated in understanding the efficacy of Lewis acidic metal salen complexes (Al & Sn), as catalysts for this process. This was followed by the utilization of metal salen complexes of biometals as catalysts for the synthesis of these biodegradable polymers, as well as for the copolymerization of cyclic carbonates with cyclic esters. These copolymers are presently in great demand for their applications as sutures in the medical industry. During the course of our investigations, a novel method of synthesizing polytrimethylene carbonate, by the copolymerization of CO2 and trimethylene oxide, has come to our attention. Surprisingly this reaction has received very little scientific exposure. We observed that metal salen derivatives, along with n-alkyl ammonium salts, were effective catalysts for the selective coupling of CO2 and oxetane (trimethylene oxide) to provide the corresponding polycarbonate with only trace quantities of ether linkages. A section is also dedicated to our investigations in this area of research.

A review of metal-mediated epoxidation is given. Jacobsen's catalyst and the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation catalyst are discussed. The origins of enantioselectivity are explained using stereochemical models. Several new salen-type ligands were synthesized based on biphenol and binaphthol. The synthesis of these ligands and their subsequent coordination to transition metals were described. The transition metal complexes were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction of single crystals. The manganese (III) complexes were evaluated for catalytic activity in epoxidation reactions. Despite the fact that these many of these complexes were optically active, little asymmetric induction was observed in any of the epoxidation reactions. The investigation of a soluble nickel salen complex for the epoxidation of olefins led to the discovery of a new heterogeneous catalyst for the epoxidation of α,β- unsaturated carboxylic acids. Nickel salen complexes, upon reaction with commercial bleach, yield a fine black powder, which we identified as nickel oxide hydroxide-a known but poorly characterized nickel peroxide containing species. The reaction of an aqueous nickel (II) source with commercial bleach also yields nickel oxide hydroxide. This material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Extremely broad peaks in the X-ray diffraction pattern suggested that this material consisted of particles with a very small diameter and this was confirmed by TEM. This insoluble material was found to function as a heterogeneous catalyst for the epoxidation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids in the presence of sodium hypochlorite. The high activity of this catalyst in the epoxidation of certain olefins is due in part to its small particle size, which increases the overall surface area of this heterogeneous catalyst. Large particles of nickel oxide hydroxide were prepared and the catalytic activity was comparatively less. The oxidation of several other organic substrates was also explored using this catalyst. Both primary and secondary alcohols can be oxidized with our nickel-based system. Primary alcohols go through an aldehyde intermediate which is then in turn oxidized to the carboxylic acid.

No description available.

A series of mononuclear boron halides of the type LBX2 (LH = N-phenyl-3,5-di-tbutylsalicylaldimine,X = Cl (2), Br (3)) and LBX ( LH2 = N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,5-di-tbutylsalicylaldimine,X = Cl (7), Br (8); LH2 = N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-di-tbutylsalicylaldimine,X = Cl (9), Br (10); LH2= N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,5-di-tbutylsalicylaldimine,X = Cl (11), Br (12)) were synthesized from their borate precursorsLB(OMe)2 (1) (LH = N-phenyl-3,5-di-t-butylsalicylaldimine ) and LB(OMe) (LH2 = N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,5-di-t-butylsalicylaldimine (4), N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-di-tbutylsalicylaldimine(5), N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,5-di-t-butylsalicylaldimine (6)). Theborate precursors, 1, 4 - 6, in turn, were prepared by refluxing the corresponding ligandsLH or LH2 with excess B(OMe)3. The boron halide compounds were air- and moisturesensitiveand compound 7 on hydrolysis gave the oxo-bridged compound 13 thatcontained two seven-membered boron heterocycles. The boron halide compoundsdealkylated trimethyl phosphate in stoichiometric reactions to produce methyl halide andunidentified phosphate materials. Compounds 8 and 12 were found to be the mosteffective dealkylating agents. Compound 8 on reaction with t-butyl diphenyl phosphinateproduced a unique boron phosphinate compound LB(O)OPPh2 (14) containing a terminalphosphinate group. Compounds 1-14 were characterized by 1H, 13C, 11B, 31P NMR, IR,MS, EA and MP. Compounds 5, 6, 11, 12 and 13 were also characterized by singlecrystalX-ray diffraction.The alkane elimination reaction between Salen(tBu)H2 ligands and diethylaluminumbromide was used to prepare the four Salen aluminum bromide compounds,salen(tBu)AlBr (15) (salen = N,N'-ethylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneimine)),salpen(tBu)AlBr (16) (salpen = N,N'-propylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneimine)),salben(tBu)AlBr (17) (salben = N,N'-butylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneimine)) andsalophen(tBu)AlBr (18) (salophen = N,N'-o-phenylenenebis(3,5-di-tertbutylsalicylideneimine)).The compounds contained five-coordinate aluminum either in adistorted square planar or a trigonal bipyramidal environment. The bromide group inthese compounds could be displaced by triphenylphosphine oxide or triphenyl phosphateto produce the six-coordinate cationic aluminum compounds [salen(tBu)Al(Ph3PO)2]Br(19), [salpen(tBu)Al(Ph3PO)2]Br (20), [salophen(tBu)Al(Ph3PO)2]Br (21) and[salophen(tBu)Al{(PhO)3PO}2]Br (22). All the compounds were characterized by 1H,13C, 27Al and 31P NMR, IR, mass spectrometry and melting point. Furthermore,compounds 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 and 22 were structurally characterized by single-crystalX-ray diffraction. Compounds 15, 17 and 18 dealkylated a series of organophosphates instoichiometric reaction by breaking the ester C–O bond. Also, they promoted thedealkylation reaction between trimethyl phosphate and added boron tribromide.Stoichiometric reaction of compound 15 with trimethyl phosphate produced thealuminophosphinate compound salen(tBu)AlOP(O)Ph2 (23). Compound 16 on reactionwith tributyl phosphate produced the aluminophosphate compound[salpen(tBu)AlO]2[(BuO)2PO]2 (24). Compounds 23 and 24 were characterized by singlecrystalX-ray diffraction and spectroscopically.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The ability to utilize cheaper starting materials in the synthesis of commercially important materials has been a goal of scientists since the advent of the chemical industry. The ideal situation would be one in which by combining the correct proportions of hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon and oxygen that virtually anything from simple sugars to complex polymers could be produced. Unfortunately, such processes are flights of fancy often reserved for movies and television shows. On a more realistic level, the utilization of simple molecules and a transition metal catalyst has been a process that industry has exploited for many years. The most easily identifiable process is that for polyolefin production, that employs homopolymerization of simple monomers such as ethylene and catalysts ranging from Ziegler-Natta to metallocene type catalysts. On a more difficult level copolymerization reactions require a delicate balance between two competing reactions and as a result these reactions have been much less successful. For over a decade now the Darensbourg Research Laboratories have focused on utilizing another simple molecule: carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a cheap, inert, nontoxic starting material that appears to be an ideal monomer. Although simplistic, CO2 is also very stable and its utilization in polymerization reactions have proven to be quite complex. In order for us to facilitate these reactions we employ both a transition metal catalyst and a comonomer. Epoxides act as an effective comonomer because the thermodynamic energy gained from breaking the strained three membered epoxide ring overcomes the stability of CO2 and allows the copolymerization reaction to occur. We have demonstrated a great deal of success with this process, most of which will be mentioned throughout this report. The majority of this dissertation will detail our use of salen complexes to optimize this copolymerization process, in order to further the use of CO2 as a viable source of C1 feedstock. Herein, I will illustrate how we have obtained more than a 100 fold increase in the rate of polymer formation as well as detailed mechanistic data that will provide a basis for future catalyst design studies.

Neste trabalho foram estudadas a atividade catalítica de metaloporfirinas e complexos salen (catalisador de Jacobsen), em solução e imobilizados em diferentes suportes, na oxidação de hidrocarbonetos e fármacos anticonvulsivantes (carbamazepina e primidona) e antidepressivo (fluoxetina), utilizando os seguintes doadores de oxigênio: peróxido de hidrogênio, terc-butil hidroperóxido (t-BOOH), ácido m-cloroperbenzóico (m-CPBA) e iodosilbenzeno (PhIO). Os catalisadores contendo o complexo salen imobilizado em alumina, membranas de quitosana e membranas polidimetilssiloxano/acetato de polivinila (PDMS/PVA), foram preparados e caracterizados por espectroscopia UV-Vis, análise termogravimétrica, calorimetria exploratória diferencial, análise térmica diferencial, infravermelho, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, raios-X e área superficial. Foi investigada a atividade destes materiais inicialmente na catálise oxidativa de hidrocarbonetos (cicloocteno, estireno e cicloexano). Estes sistemas heterogêneos se mostraram bastante eficientes para oxidação destes substratos, com rendimentos de até 79 % de ciclooctenóxido e elevada seletividade para formação de epóxido ou cetona, quando se utilizam os substratos alcenos ou cicloexano, respectivamente. As membranas de quitosana e membranas híbridas PDMS/PVA foram avaliadas em sistema trifásico, nos quais a membrana se localiza na interface entre a fase apolar (substrato orgânico) e a fase aquosa (contendo o oxidante). Os resultados catalíticos foram excelentes, obtendo-se freqüências de turnovers da ordem de 138 h-1. As reações de oxidação dos fármacos (carbamazepina, primidona e fluoxetina) foram analisadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE-UV) em fase reversa, por cromatografia líquida acoplada a espectrometria de massas (LC-ESI) e cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-MS), para identificação dos produtos. Na oxidação da carbamazepina (CBZ) foi produzido apenas o 10,11-epóxido-carbamazepina (CBZ-EP), que corresponde ao principal metabólito obtido no metabolismo in vivo catalisado pelo P450, indicando que os sistemas catalíticos utilizados são excelentes modelos biomiméticos desta enzima. Observou-se que a formação de CBZ-EP é dependente do oxidante e do pH do meio, principalmente nas reações com peróxido de hidrogênio, resultando em mecanismos de clivagem homolítica ou heterolítica conforme o pH da reação. Os oxidantes m-CPBA e t-BOOH mostraram que a natureza dos substituintes ligados ao grupo OOH do peróxido exerce grande efeito na oxidação da CBZ. Na oxidação da primidona foram obtidos dois metabólitos encontrados no sistema in vivo: feniletilmalonamida e fenobarbital, além de três outros produtos (2-fenilbutiramida, -fenil--butirolactona e um produto em nível de traços, não identificado). A formação destes compostos foi altamente dependente do oxidante, co-catalisador, pH e oxigênio, o que possibilitou a proposta de um esquema de oxidação com os possíveis intermediários envolvidos. Todos os sistemas catalíticos utilizados na oxidação da fluoxetina estudados geraram o produto de N-desalquilação, o p-trifluorometilfenol (TFMF). A norfluoxetina principal metabólito deste fármaco in vivo, resultante de N-desmetilação, não foi produzida, indicando que a reação de O-desalquilação prevalece e, portanto, os catalisadores não seguem a rota biomimética para este fármaco. Este trabalho demonstrou a habilidade do complexo salen e das metaloporfirinas para mimetizar a ação do citocromo P450 na oxidação de fármacos. Os resultados mostram também o grande potencial de aplicação de modelos biomiméticos para sintetizar metabólitos e fornecer amostras para testes farmacológicos e toxicológicos, visando elucidação do metabolismo do fármacos, e como uma alternativa aos estudos enzimáticos. / In this work, the catalytic activities of metalloporphyrins and the salen complex (Jacobsen catalyst) in solution and immobilized on different supports were studied in the oxidation of hydrocarbons, anticonvulsivant drugs (carbamazepine and primidone) and antidepressives (fluoxetine) by the following oxygen donors: hydrogen peroxide, terc-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH), 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA), and iodosylbenzene (PhIO). The catalysts containing the salen complex immobilized on alumina, chitosan membranes and poly(dimethylsiloxane)/polyvinyl acetate membranes (PDMS/PVA) were prepared and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and surface area analysis. The activity of these materials was initially investigated in the oxidative catalysis of hydrocarbons (cyclooctene, styrene and cyclohexane). These heterogeneous systems were efficient for the oxidation of these substrates, with yields as high as 79 % for cyclooctene oxide. The selectivity for epoxide or ketone formation was high when the substrate alkenes or cyclohexane were used, respectively. The chitosan membranes and hybrid membranes PDMS/PVA were available in a triphasic system, where the membrane was located in the interface between the apolar phase (organic substrate) and the aqueous phase (containing the oxidant). The catalytic results were excellent, with turnover frequencies of 138 h-1. Drug oxidation (carbamazepine, primidone and fluoxetine) products were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-UV) in reverse phase, liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-ESI), and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), for products identification. In the case of carbamazepine (CBZ) oxidation only carbamazepine 10,11- epoxide (CBZ-EP) was produced. This is to the main metabolite obtained in carbamazepine metabolism by P450 in vivo, indicating that the catalytic systems employed here are excellent biomimetic models of this enzyme. Formation of CBZEP is highly dependent on the oxidant and pH, especially in the reaction with hydrogen peroxide, resulting in homolytic and/or heterolytic cleavage, according to the pH of the reaction medium. The oxidants m-CPBA and t-BOOH showed that the presence of substituents linked to the -OOH group of the peroxide affects the catalytic activity of the studied system significantly. As for primidone oxidation, two metabolites found in the in vivo system were obtained: phenylethylmalondiamide and phenobarbital, besides three other products (2-phenylbutyramide, g-phenyl-g-butyrolactone and, a product in trace amounts, not identified). The formation of these compounds was highly dependent on the oxidant, co-catalyst, pH and presence of oxygen. These results enabled the proposition of a scheme for Mn(salen)-catalyzed primidone oxidation and the possible intermediate involved. All the studied catalytic systems used in fluoxetine oxidation generated the product obtained via the O-dealkylation mechanism, p-trifluoromethylphenol (TFMF). Norfluoxetine, the main metabolite in vivo and formed via the N-demethylation mechanism, was not obtained. This indicates that the O-dealkylation mechanism prevails and, therefore, the catalysts do not follow the biomimetical route in the case of this drug. This work demonstrated the ability of the salen complex and metalloporphyrins to mimic the action of cytochrome P450 in drug oxidation. These results showed the potential application of these biomimetic models in the synthesis of drug metabolites, which should provide samples for pharmacological and toxicological tests, as well as aid studies that pursue the elucidation of in vivo drug metabolism, being an alternative to enzymatic studies.

Les complexes salen chiraux ont été intensément étudiées. En effet, Ils constituent l'une des familles de catalyseurs principaux qui peuvent être utilisés pour préparer des synthons très précieux, énantioenrichies. En accord avec l'idée de la chimie verte, l'un des principaux objectifs consiste maintenant à établir des procédures efficaces pour la récupération et la réutilisation de ces catalyseurs. Plusieurs procédures d'hétérogénéisation ont été décrits qui impliquent la modification des structures salen par des interactions covalentes greffage ou non covalente avec différents supports. Une autre approche consiste à la préparation de polymères à partir de salen modifiés ou les complexes correspondants. Dans ce contexte, la procédure la plus courante consiste à établir des réactions de polycondensation entre diamines correctement modifiés et produits dérivés disalicylaldéhyde. Nous avons ainsi développé une méthodologie polymère synthétique par polycondensation de divers dérivés disalicylaldéhydes modifiés avec différentes diamines chirales. Les analyses Maldi-Tof ont montré que les polymères ciblés possèdent une structure macrocyclique, nommé calix-salen, dans un mélange de 2-, 3-, 4- et 5-mères. Ces nouveaux dérivés chiraux calix-salens ont été complexés avec des sels de chrome et cobalt pour être testés comme catalyseurs hétérogènes dans les réactions asymétriques (réaction de Henry, dédoublement cinétique hydrolytique). Après réduction des fonctions imines, les catalyseurs réduits correspondants sont complexés avec des sels de cuivre et testés dans la réaction de Henry asymétrique transformation pour une comparaison de l'efficacité de deux catalyseurs. Leur recyclage a été examiné. / Chiral salen complexes have been intensively studied because they constitute one of the main catalyst families that can be used to prepare valuable, highly enantioenriched synthons. In line with the idea of green chemistry, one major goal is now to establish efficient procedures for the recovery and reuse of such catalysts. Several heterogenization procedures have been described that involve the modification of the salen structures through covalent grafting or non-covalent interactions with various supports. Another approach consists in the preparation of polymers from appropriately modified salen or corresponding complexes. In this context, the most common procedure involves polycondensation reactions between properly modified diamines and disalicylaldehyde derivatives.We have thus developed a polymer synthetic methodology by polycondensation of various modified disalicylaldehyde derivatives with different chiral diamines. Maldi-Tof analyses showed that the targeted polymers possessed a macrocyclic structure, named calix-salen, in a mixture of 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-mers. These new chiral calixsalen derivatives have been complexed with chromium and cobalt salts and tested as heterogeneous catalysts in asymmetric reactions (Henry Reaction, Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution). After reduction of the imine functions, the corresponding reduced catalysts will be complexed with copper salts and tested to promote the Henry reaction for a comparison of the efficiency of both catalysts type. Their recyclability was examine.

Neste trabalho foram estudadas a atividade catalítica de metaloporfirinas e complexos salen (catalisador de Jacobsen), em solução e imobilizados em diferentes suportes, na oxidação de hidrocarbonetos e fármacos anticonvulsivantes (carbamazepina e primidona) e antidepressivo (fluoxetina), utilizando os seguintes doadores de oxigênio: peróxido de hidrogênio, terc-butil hidroperóxido (t-BOOH), ácido m-cloroperbenzóico (m-CPBA) e iodosilbenzeno (PhIO). Os catalisadores contendo o complexo salen imobilizado em alumina, membranas de quitosana e membranas polidimetilssiloxano/acetato de polivinila (PDMS/PVA), foram preparados e caracterizados por espectroscopia UV-Vis, análise termogravimétrica, calorimetria exploratória diferencial, análise térmica diferencial, infravermelho, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, raios-X e área superficial. Foi investigada a atividade destes materiais inicialmente na catálise oxidativa de hidrocarbonetos (cicloocteno, estireno e cicloexano). Estes sistemas heterogêneos se mostraram bastante eficientes para oxidação destes substratos, com rendimentos de até 79 % de ciclooctenóxido e elevada seletividade para formação de epóxido ou cetona, quando se utilizam os substratos alcenos ou cicloexano, respectivamente. As membranas de quitosana e membranas híbridas PDMS/PVA foram avaliadas em sistema trifásico, nos quais a membrana se localiza na interface entre a fase apolar (substrato orgânico) e a fase aquosa (contendo o oxidante). Os resultados catalíticos foram excelentes, obtendo-se freqüências de turnovers da ordem de 138 h-1. As reações de oxidação dos fármacos (carbamazepina, primidona e fluoxetina) foram analisadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE-UV) em fase reversa, por cromatografia líquida acoplada a espectrometria de massas (LC-ESI) e cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-MS), para identificação dos produtos. Na oxidação da carbamazepina (CBZ) foi produzido apenas o 10,11-epóxido-carbamazepina (CBZ-EP), que corresponde ao principal metabólito obtido no metabolismo in vivo catalisado pelo P450, indicando que os sistemas catalíticos utilizados são excelentes modelos biomiméticos desta enzima. Observou-se que a formação de CBZ-EP é dependente do oxidante e do pH do meio, principalmente nas reações com peróxido de hidrogênio, resultando em mecanismos de clivagem homolítica ou heterolítica conforme o pH da reação. Os oxidantes m-CPBA e t-BOOH mostraram que a natureza dos substituintes ligados ao grupo OOH do peróxido exerce grande efeito na oxidação da CBZ. Na oxidação da primidona foram obtidos dois metabólitos encontrados no sistema in vivo: feniletilmalonamida e fenobarbital, além de três outros produtos (2-fenilbutiramida, -fenil--butirolactona e um produto em nível de traços, não identificado). A formação destes compostos foi altamente dependente do oxidante, co-catalisador, pH e oxigênio, o que possibilitou a proposta de um esquema de oxidação com os possíveis intermediários envolvidos. Todos os sistemas catalíticos utilizados na oxidação da fluoxetina estudados geraram o produto de N-desalquilação, o p-trifluorometilfenol (TFMF). A norfluoxetina principal metabólito deste fármaco in vivo, resultante de N-desmetilação, não foi produzida, indicando que a reação de O-desalquilação prevalece e, portanto, os catalisadores não seguem a rota biomimética para este fármaco. Este trabalho demonstrou a habilidade do complexo salen e das metaloporfirinas para mimetizar a ação do citocromo P450 na oxidação de fármacos. Os resultados mostram também o grande potencial de aplicação de modelos biomiméticos para sintetizar metabólitos e fornecer amostras para testes farmacológicos e toxicológicos, visando elucidação do metabolismo do fármacos, e como uma alternativa aos estudos enzimáticos. / In this work, the catalytic activities of metalloporphyrins and the salen complex (Jacobsen catalyst) in solution and immobilized on different supports were studied in the oxidation of hydrocarbons, anticonvulsivant drugs (carbamazepine and primidone) and antidepressives (fluoxetine) by the following oxygen donors: hydrogen peroxide, terc-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH), 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA), and iodosylbenzene (PhIO). The catalysts containing the salen complex immobilized on alumina, chitosan membranes and poly(dimethylsiloxane)/polyvinyl acetate membranes (PDMS/PVA) were prepared and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and surface area analysis. The activity of these materials was initially investigated in the oxidative catalysis of hydrocarbons (cyclooctene, styrene and cyclohexane). These heterogeneous systems were efficient for the oxidation of these substrates, with yields as high as 79 % for cyclooctene oxide. The selectivity for epoxide or ketone formation was high when the substrate alkenes or cyclohexane were used, respectively. The chitosan membranes and hybrid membranes PDMS/PVA were available in a triphasic system, where the membrane was located in the interface between the apolar phase (organic substrate) and the aqueous phase (containing the oxidant). The catalytic results were excellent, with turnover frequencies of 138 h-1. Drug oxidation (carbamazepine, primidone and fluoxetine) products were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-UV) in reverse phase, liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-ESI), and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), for products identification. In the case of carbamazepine (CBZ) oxidation only carbamazepine 10,11- epoxide (CBZ-EP) was produced. This is to the main metabolite obtained in carbamazepine metabolism by P450 in vivo, indicating that the catalytic systems employed here are excellent biomimetic models of this enzyme. Formation of CBZEP is highly dependent on the oxidant and pH, especially in the reaction with hydrogen peroxide, resulting in homolytic and/or heterolytic cleavage, according to the pH of the reaction medium. The oxidants m-CPBA and t-BOOH showed that the presence of substituents linked to the -OOH group of the peroxide affects the catalytic activity of the studied system significantly. As for primidone oxidation, two metabolites found in the in vivo system were obtained: phenylethylmalondiamide and phenobarbital, besides three other products (2-phenylbutyramide, g-phenyl-g-butyrolactone and, a product in trace amounts, not identified). The formation of these compounds was highly dependent on the oxidant, co-catalyst, pH and presence of oxygen. These results enabled the proposition of a scheme for Mn(salen)-catalyzed primidone oxidation and the possible intermediate involved. All the studied catalytic systems used in fluoxetine oxidation generated the product obtained via the O-dealkylation mechanism, p-trifluoromethylphenol (TFMF). Norfluoxetine, the main metabolite in vivo and formed via the N-demethylation mechanism, was not obtained. This indicates that the O-dealkylation mechanism prevails and, therefore, the catalysts do not follow the biomimetical route in the case of this drug. This work demonstrated the ability of the salen complex and metalloporphyrins to mimic the action of cytochrome P450 in drug oxidation. These results showed the potential application of these biomimetic models in the synthesis of drug metabolites, which should provide samples for pharmacological and toxicological tests, as well as aid studies that pursue the elucidation of in vivo drug metabolism, being an alternative to enzymatic studies.

No description available.