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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Existence, Stability, and Dynamics of Solitary Waves in Nonlinear Schroedinger Models with Periodic Potentials

Law, Kody John Hoffman 01 February 2010 (has links)
The focus of this dissertation is the existence, stability, and resulting dynamical evolution of localized stationary solutions to Nonlinear Schr¨odinger (NLS) equations with periodic confining potentials in 2(+1) dimensions. I will make predictions about these properties based on a discrete lattice model of coupled ordinary differential equations with the appropriate symmetry. The latter has been justified by Wannier function expansions in a so-called tight-binding approximation in the appropriate parametric regime. Numerical results for the full 2(+1)-D continuum model will be qualitatively compared with discrete model predictions as well as with nonlinear optics experiments in optically induced photonic lattices in photorefractive crystals. The predictions are also relevant for BECs (Bose-Einstein Condensates) in optical lattices.
22

Investigation of Saturable Optical Receiver (SOR) for Fiber to the Home Network

Luo, Ning 06 1900 (has links)
<p> Due to the high cost, telephone and cable television companies can only justify installing fiber optical networks to remote sites which serve up to a few hundred customers. For customers located at variable distances from the transmitting station, they will receive signals at different strengths. The signal stability and system reliability of FTTH network affected largely by the distance. We propose an effective solution for the enhancement of signal stability of FTTH network, which uses a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) coupled with an optical receiver.</p> <p> Before the signal reaches the optical receiver at the user end, signal strength is automatically adjusted through a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). Due to the special saturation property of SOA, the output optical signal will have very small fluctuation regardless the input optical signal power, the signal stability of FTTH network will be improved significantly. A set of simplified governing equations of SOA has been proposed and the corresponding numerical solver has been implemented. Although the main focus is primarily the SOA, a simplified optical receiver is also simulated, which comprises a PIN photodetector and a low pass filter (LPF). All simulations have been carried out in the time-domain with the frequency domain low pass filter modeled by a digital filter.</p> / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)
23

Propriétés optiques non linéaires des composés porphyriniques à base de cobalt et de zinc de type push-pull / Nonlinear optical properties of porphyrins compounds based on Cobalt and Zinc push-pull type

Chniti, Meherzia 18 November 2016 (has links)
Cette étude traite des propriétés optiques non linéaires (NL) du troisième ordre des tétraphénylporphyrines et de certains de ses dérivées métallisées (Zn, Co) dissoutes dans le chlorobenzène. Les solutions ont été exposées à un laser émettant à 1064 nm, 532 nm et 355 nm dans le régime picoseconde ( ≈ 10 ps) en utilisant la méthode D4σ-Z-scan dans un montage 4f ainsi qu’une nouvelle technique appelée Dark-Field Zscan. Cette dernière se révèle être très fiable pour la détermination directe du signal de réfraction non linéaire en présence d’une forte absorption linéaire et/ou non linéaire. Le comportement des coefficients non linéaires a été étudié en fonction de la concentration et de l’intensité laser. La réponse a été attribuée à une susceptibilité effective du 3eme ordre {χ} rsub {eff} rsup {(3)} = {χ} ^ {(1)} : {χ} ^ {(1)} , dominée par un processus en cascade. Il a été mis en évidence que le comportement optique non linéaire des porphyrines dépend fortement du métal incorporé et de la durée des impulsions par rapport aux durées de vie des états excités. Ces résultats démontrent aussi que l’extension des systèmes électroniques π -conjugués accroît les non linéarités du troisième ordre de ces complexes, ce qui devrait être utile à l’élaboration de nouveaux matériaux. Cette propriété se révèle être intéressante pour la synthèse de porphyrines plus complexes avec d’autres substituants. Les effets importants d'absorption et de réfaction NL donnent aux porphyrines un fort potentiel d’utilisation pour la limitation optique, la commutation optique et pour différents autres applications en optique non linéaire. / This study deals with the third-order nonlinear optical properties (NL) of tetraphenylporphyrins and some of its metallic derivatives (Zn, Co) dissolved in chlorobenzene. The solutions were exposed to a laser emitting at 1064 nm, 532 nm and 355 nm in the picosecond regime ( ≈ 10 ps) using D4σ-Z-scan method in a 4f setup and a new technique called Dark-Field Zscan. The latter provides to be very reliable for the direct determination of the nonlinear refractive signal in the presence of a strong linear absorption and / or nonlinear one. The behavior of nonlinear coefficients has been studied as a function of the concentration and laser intensity. The response has been attributed to an effective 3rd order susceptibility, {χ} rsub {eff} rsup {(3)} = {χ} ^ {(1)} : {χ} ^ {(1)} , dominated by a cascading process. It has been demonstrated that the nonlinear optical behavior of porphyrins strongly depends on the metal incorporated and the pulse duration when compared to lifetimes of the excited states. These results also demonstrate that the extension of π- conjugated electronic systems increases the third order nonlinearities of these complexes, which should be useful in the development of new materials. This property appears to be interesting for the synthesis of more complex porphyrins with other substituents. The high impact on the coefficients related to the NL absorption and refraction gives porphyrins great potential of use for applications in optical limiting, optical switching
24

Femtosecond Cr⁴⁺ : forsterite laser for applications in telecommunications and biophotonics

McWilliam, Alan January 2007 (has links)
In this thesis, the development of a femtosecond Cr⁴⁺:forsterite solid-state laser is described where the mode-locking procedure was initiated using two novel saturable absorbers. One was a GaInNAs quantum-well device and the other a quantum-dot-based saturable absorber. These devices had not previously been exploited for the generation of femtosecond pulses from a solid-state laser but in the course of this project, successful mode-locked laser operation in the femtosecond domain was demonstrated for both devices. When the GaInNAs device was incorporated in the Cr⁴⁺:forsterite laser, transform-limited pulses with durations as short as 62fs were obtained. The performance of this femtosecond laser was significantly superior to that for previous quantum-well based saturable absorbers in the 1300nm spectral region. The dynamics of the device were investigated with the aim of refining subsequent devices and to explore the potential to grow future devices for use at longer wavelengths. At the outset of my research work quantum-dot based saturable absorbers had not be used for the mode locking of solid-state lasers in the femtosecond regime. The work presented in this thesis showed that quantum-dot structures could be exploited very effectively for this purpose. This was initially achieved with the quantum-dot element being inclined at an off-normal incidence within the cavity but experimental assessment together with further development of the device allowed for implementation at normal incidence. Reliable operation of the femtosecond laser was demonstrated very convincingly where transform-limited pulses of 160fs duration were generated. Having developed practical femtosecond Cr⁴⁺:forsterite lasers, the final part of the project research was directed towards exemplar applications for a laser operating in the 1300nm spectral region. These were biophotonics experiments in which assessments of both deep tissue penetration and two-photon chromosome cutting were undertaken. This work confirmed the suitability of the 1300nm laser radiation for propagation through substantial thicknesses of biological tissue (~15cm). The demonstration of highly localised two-photon cutting of Muntjac deer chromosomes also represented a novel result because single-photon absorption could be avoided effectively and the temporal broadening of the femtosecond pulses in the delivery optics arising from group velocity dispersion around 1300nm was minimal.
25

"Estudo e desenvolvimento de limitadores ópticos" / Study and development of optical limiters

Barbosa Neto, Newton Martins 29 April 2005 (has links)
Neste trabalho, com objetivo de desenvolvermos dispositivos de limitação óptica, estudamos o processo de absorção de estado excitados em um grupo de tetrapiridil porfirinas com diferentes substituintes centrais (2H+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+). Para isso utilizamos a técnica de varredura – Z com pulsos de femto e picossegundos bem como com trem de pulsos. Desta forma, determinamos a dinâmica de absorção de estados excitados, para estas moléculas, obtendo parâmetros espectroscópicos tais como tempo de cruzamento intersistema, e as seções de choque de absorção dos primeiros estados excitados singleto e tripleto. Além disso, visando aproveitar os processos ópticos acumulativos de alguns materiais não lineares, em aplicação de limitação óptica, desenvolvemos uma nova geometria óptica denominada de limitador óptico de múltiplas passagens, a qual utiliza dois espelhos esféricos confocais e um espelho plano posicionado paralelamente a linha que une os espelhos esféricos. / In this work, aiming to develop optical limiting devices, we have studied excited state absorption process in a group of tetrapyridyl porphyrins with different central substitutes (2H+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+). We have employed Z-scan technique with femto and picosecond pulses as well as with pulse trains to determine the excited state absorption dynamics and obtain some spectroscopic parameters like intersystem crossing time and triplet and singlet excited state absorption cross-sections. Moreover, we have developed a new geometry for an optical limiter, named multipass optical limiter. It is formed by two confocal spherical mirrors together with a plane mirror placed in parallel with the line joining them.
26

"Estudo e desenvolvimento de limitadores ópticos" / Study and development of optical limiters

Newton Martins Barbosa Neto 29 April 2005 (has links)
Neste trabalho, com objetivo de desenvolvermos dispositivos de limitação óptica, estudamos o processo de absorção de estado excitados em um grupo de tetrapiridil porfirinas com diferentes substituintes centrais (2H+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+). Para isso utilizamos a técnica de varredura – Z com pulsos de femto e picossegundos bem como com trem de pulsos. Desta forma, determinamos a dinâmica de absorção de estados excitados, para estas moléculas, obtendo parâmetros espectroscópicos tais como tempo de cruzamento intersistema, e as seções de choque de absorção dos primeiros estados excitados singleto e tripleto. Além disso, visando aproveitar os processos ópticos acumulativos de alguns materiais não lineares, em aplicação de limitação óptica, desenvolvemos uma nova geometria óptica denominada de limitador óptico de múltiplas passagens, a qual utiliza dois espelhos esféricos confocais e um espelho plano posicionado paralelamente a linha que une os espelhos esféricos. / In this work, aiming to develop optical limiting devices, we have studied excited state absorption process in a group of tetrapyridyl porphyrins with different central substitutes (2H+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+). We have employed Z-scan technique with femto and picosecond pulses as well as with pulse trains to determine the excited state absorption dynamics and obtain some spectroscopic parameters like intersystem crossing time and triplet and singlet excited state absorption cross-sections. Moreover, we have developed a new geometry for an optical limiter, named multipass optical limiter. It is formed by two confocal spherical mirrors together with a plane mirror placed in parallel with the line joining them.
27

Synthesis and photophysical characterization of re(i) and ru(ii) complexes: potential optical limiting materials and light harvesting systems

January 2013 (has links)
This dissertation can be divided into two parts project goals. The first one is the synthesis of rhenium (Re) complexes which are potential reverse saturable absorber (RSA) materials. The second one is the polymerization of ruthenium (Ru) polypyridyl monomers to have an oligomer ensemble for solar light harvesting purposes. THE FIRST part starts with an introduction to optical limiting materials (OLM) (chapter 1). The main discussion in chapter 4 is about the photophysical properties and energy-transfer reactions for three series of facial Re(I) tri-carbonyl complexes. The complexes are of the general type fac-[Re(CO)3(N-N)Cl], where Cl is the chloride and N-N are novel mono functionalized aryl-oligo(p-phenylene-vinylene) bipyridine (bpy) ligands. These series is as a result of changing the aryl group of the ligands to either anthracene or pyrene, and di-alkoxy attachments of phenyl ring in anthracene bipyridine ligands. The synthesis of the bpy ligands involved attaching various aryls by utilizing successive multi-step Wittig-Horner reactions (chapter 2). The ligands were later reacted with Re pentacarbonyl chloride to obtain the complexes. Chromium complexes synthesis is also included (chapter 3). The characterization involved 1H NMR, ESI-MS and elemental analysis. There is also another set of ligands where the aryl group is di-methylaminophenyl where the solvatochromic emission properties of the ligands were studied but were not coordinated to metals. The excited-state properties using both the nanosecond (ns) and picosecond (ps) time resolved transient absorption (TA) of Re(I) complexes shows strong positive excited-state absorption signals in 500-800 nm range. From the TA (ps) and time-resolved infrared of the carbonyl region, the excited state forms instantaneously after excitation. Their observed lifetimes are relatively long (2 μs-40 μs range) and they increase as the phenylene-vinylene linker increases. The excited state triplet energies values for the complexes were obtained experimentally using energy transfer method from the simple Sandros relation. They decreases as the π-conjugated phenylene-vinylene linker decreases, this is because the extended backbone bridge serves to lower the energy of the triplet excited state. Lastly, the Re(I) complexes triplet-triplet molar extinction coefficients(δex) were measured by energy transfer to a standard method and their ratios to the ground state molar absorptivity(δg ) are all (δex/δg ≥40) at 530nm which make them potential candidates for RSA. THE SECOND part involves RAFT polymerization of two new acrylamide functionalized Ru(II) polypyridyl monomers. Photoinduced electron transfer reactions for the obtained Ru oligomers and complexes were done using 10-methylphenothiazine (MPT) quencher (chapter 8). The synthesized acrylamide functionalized bipyridine ligand (chapter 6) was reacted with complex precursors cis-[Ru(L)2Cl2] where the ligand (L) is either 2,2’- bipyridine or biquinoline (chapter 7). The obtained Ru(II) photosensitizers acts as energy donating and accepting respectively. The attachment of these Ru complexes to oligomer backbone as side chains is by a C11 alkyl linker. 1H NMR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to characterize the ligand, monomers and oligomers. The excited state REDOX potentials were determined using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) values and steady state emission values converted to electron volt (eV). Lastly, the TAs (ns) obtained in the presence of MPT electron donating quencher was in agreement with the ones calculated/ predicted from spectroelectrochemistry. These efforts are toward the goal of making a panchromatic solar light collector in the visible region (chapter 5). / acase@tulane.edu
28

Etude et réalisation de lasers à fibre auto-impulsionnels à<br />base d'absorbants saturables

Lecourt, Jean-Bernard 22 June 2006 (has links) (PDF)
La première partie de la thèse à consisté en l'étude et la réalisation d'un laser à fibre dopée erbium passivement déclenché par un absorbant saturable semiconducteur à multipuits quantiques InGaAs/InP dopé fer. Parallèlement un modèle basé sur les équations cinétiques a été développé et a permis d'expliquer les principales caractéristiques de sortie de notre laser telles que des impulsions asymétriques.<br />Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons réalisé une source laser fonctionnant en régime de verrouillage de modes. Notre laser s'articule autour d'une fibre erbium et d'un absorbant saturable ultra-rapide (~ ps) InGaAs/InP dopé Fer. Dans cette configuration un régime auto-démarrant d'impulsions de durée 700 fs a été démontré grâce à l'utilisation conjointe d'un absorbant saturable et d'effets de polarisation. <br />La troisième partie de ce travail de thèse a été consacrée à une autre structure non-linéaire ultra-rapide (500 fs) utilisée comme miroir de cavité. Nous avons obtenu des impulsions dont la durée est de 300 fs. Avec la même cavité, un absorbant saturable à base de nanotubes de carbone (NTC) nous a permis d'obtenir un régime de verrouillage de modes présentant une grande stabilité aussi bien en régime de dispersion anormale qu'en régime de dispersion normale. Les performances obtenues sont des impulsions d'énergies supérieures à 150 pJ avec des durées allant de 700 fs (régime anormal) jusqu'à quelques picosecondes (régime normal). <br />Enfin nous avons réalisé une source laser à fibre à haute énergie fonctionnant en régime déclenché grâce à un absorbant saturable semiconducteur GaAs. Le milieu à gain est une fibre double-gaine dopée ytterbium. Nous avons obtenus des impulsions énergétiques (7 µJ) d'une durée d'environ 1 µs. Ce régime est obtenu sur un domaine d'accord d'environ 30 nm autour de 1,07 µm en restant spatialement monomode.
29

Simulation of the Optical Loop Mirror in Ultrafast Fiber Lasers

Zang, Yimin 29 May 2018 (has links)
No description available.
30

Nonlinear aspects of the dynamics induced by dissipative light-matter interaction

Kozyreff, Gregory 29 June 2001 (has links)
Dans cette thèse, nous avons appliqué les outils modernes de la théorie des systèmes dynamiques à l'étude des lasers. Le but de ce travail était de mieux comprendre les sources cohérentes existantes en vue de les améliorer et de proposer de nouveaux mécanismes d'amplification lumineuse. Motivé par de récentes expériences menées sur des lasers miniatures avec absorbant saturable, nous en avons repris la description théorique. Les nouvelles valeurs de paramètres suggérées par l'expérience nous ont amenés à découvrir de nouveaux comportements dynamiques pour ces systèmes. En particulier, nous avons décrit comment l'intensité délivrée par ces lasers devenait temporellement sinusoïdale, puis impulsionnelle sur un très petit intervalle de paramètres. Par la connaissance acquise du laser à absorbant saturable, nous avons pu comprendre comment s'établissait un régime impulsionnel semblable dans un autre laser. Il s'agissait du laser multimode à pompage longitudinalement inhomogène. Il est apparu en effet qu'une partie du milieu emprisonné dans la cavité optique agissait à la manière d'un absorbant saturable, déstabilisant ainsi l'émission continue de ce laser. Nous avons également montré que, dans certaines circonstances, son état dynamique présentait des effets de mémoire. Une autre propriété importante de la dynamique du laser multimode a été mise en évidence: pour de petites perturbations, l'intensité totale présente un comportement plus régulier que les intensités modales prises séparément. Ce type intrigant d'auto organisation fut rencontré plus tard, lorsque nous avons envisagé la dynamique d'un réseau de lasers à semi conducteur couplés par un feedback optique. Le retard accumulé par la lumière au cours de ce feedback est un paramètre essentiel du problème. Ce système important sur le plan technologique s'est révélé extrêmement riche sur le plan dynamique. Nous avons pu montrer que plus le retard était grand, plus les lasers avaient tendance à se synchroniser. Cela fut observé aussi bien en régime continu qu'en régime périodique ou chaotique. Par une telle synchronisation, la qualité du rayon optique émis par le réseau de lasers augmente spectaculairement, élargissant par là ses possibilités d'application. Au début des années 1990, les physiciens commencèrent à étudier systématiquement les effets d'interférence quantique dans l'interaction lumière matière. Ceci faisait suite à l'annonce fracassante que de tels effets devaient permettre de construire des lasers sans inversion de population. Récemment, une série d'expériences a montré que de telles interférences quantiques étaient à l’œuvre dans le laser miniature LNP. Une partie de cette thèse y fut consacrée. Nous avons montré que le comportement dynamique observé résultait d'un renforcement quantique de l'absorption stimulée par les niveaux énergétiques inférieurs. Nous avons poursuivi notre étude des effets d'interférence quantique sur un schéma électronucléaire. Nous avons montré que pour ce système, un rayon gamma peut être amplifié sans inversion de population. Ce résultat est très important, compte tenu du fait qu'une telle inversion est techniquement impossible à réaliser pour ces très hautes fréquences électromagnétiques, empêchant jusqu'ici la réalisation de lasers gamma. Afin d'atteindre l'amplification sans inversion, un rayonnement d'appoint dans le domaine optique s'avère nécessaire. Tenant compte de la décroissance de ce champ optique en cours de propagation, et donc de la diminution des effets quantiques associés, nous avons déterminé une distance optimale de propagation. Au-delà de cette distance, l'amplification se mue en absorption. Une telle information est dès lors cruciale sur le plan expérimental.

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