Subsidies, taxes, premiums, and eligibility for health insurance can potentially cause "marriage lock," in which couples stay married for the sake of health insurance coverage, and marriage lock may change under the Affordable Care Act. In the first two chapters, marriage lock is examined in the context of two key health insurance decisions: divorce decisions upon qualification for Medicare at age 65, and marriage and divorce decisions associated with the introduction of the Massachusetts insurance mandate and health insurance exchange market reforms in 2006. In the first chapter, using the Health and Retirement Study data, I find evidence of a 7 percentage point increase in the number of divorces upon achieving Medicare eligibility at age 65 for people with spousal insurance coverage relative to those without it. In the second chapter, using the American Community Survey data, I find that the 2006 Massachusetts healthcare reform increased incentives for marriage in the health insurance exchange market relative to control states. Specifically, the Massachusetts reform appears to have reduced the divorce rate by 0.5 percentage point and increased marriage rate by 1.4 percentage points. In the third chapter, I use data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) to explore three decisions potentially affected by the implementation of Medical Savings Accounts (MSAs). First, I find that individuals with MSAs incur 17 RMB more medical expenses per 1000 RMB increase in their MSAs balance, while I find no significant effect of after-tax income on medical expenses. Second, I study preference heterogeneity as revealed by three types of risky behaviors. I find undertaking risky investments is associated with 23% more medical expenditures, while always using a seatbelt and obeying traffic signals are associated with 16% and 22% higher medical expenditures, respectively. Finally, I find evidence suggesting that individuals become more risk adverse with MSAs than without, specifically by increasing their use of seatbelts and obeying traffic signals. These findings, using recent Chinese data, suggest that MSAs play an important role when consumers make health expenditure decisions, and that preferences involving risk and prevention also appear to be influenced by the MSA scheme.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:33:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVA_Maria_Aparecida_2013.pdf: 1779146 bytes, checksum: 4286b3a26b02309aed6d6018eb2386bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-21 / This thesis aims to investigate the relations of substitution between Saving Accounts and DI Funds during the period of December 2004 and December 2012. The Brazilian basic interest rate SELIC rate has reduced over 10 percentage points during this period. Such a downward movement affected the returns on financial assets, i.e., their "prices", defined as opportunity costs in relation to the SELIC rate. The hypothesis is that substitution relationship between Saving Accounts and DI Funds have changed over time due to different levels of SELIC rate prevailing during the analyzed period. The dual approach and the nonlinear seemingly unrelated equations model (INSUR model) are used to estimate the demands via Translog functional form. Morishima elasticities of substitution are calculated in seven points of the sample in order to measure the substitution effect over the time and to evaluate possible asymmetry of elasticities. The results confirm the hypothesis that different levels of SELIC have engendered different patterns of relations of substitution between the analyzed assets. The conclusion is that the anew relations of substitution have expanded the role of Saving Accounts as instrument of private savings over DI Funds. / O objetivo deste estudo é investigar as relações de substituição entre as Cadernetas de Poupança e os Fundos DI, entre dezembro de 2004 e dezembro de 2012, período marcado pela redução na taxa básica de juros brasileira taxa SELIC em mais de 10 pontos percentuais. Esta queda acentuada afetou as rentabilidades dos ativos financeiros, i.e., seus preços , definidos aqui em termos de custos de oportunidades em relação à própria taxa SELIC. A hipótese do trabalho é que as relações de substituição entre Cadernetas de Poupança e Fundos DI se alteraram motivadas pelos diferentes níveis de taxa SELIC praticados ao longo do período analisado. Emprega-se a abordagem dual e o modelo não linear de equações aparentemente não relacionadas (sigla em inglês, INSUR) para estimar as demandas via a forma funcional Translog. As elasticidades de substituição de Morishima são calculadas em sete pontos médios da amostra, visando avaliar a evolução das magnitudes das relações de substituição ao longo do tempo, bem como sua possível assimetria. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a hipótese de que diferentes níveis de taxa SELIC engendram padrões de relações de substituição diversos entre os dois bens monetários analisados. Conclui-se que as diferentes relações de substituição verificadas levaram à ampliação do papel das Cadernetas de Poupança como instrumentos de poupança privada em detrimento dos Fundos DI.

Efter det svenska pensionssystemets reform 1998 har ett missnöje väckts hos många pensionssparare. Den allmänna pensionen tillsammans med tjänstepensionen räcker inte alltid till och därför finns det möjlighet till ett eget avdragsgillt privat pensionssparande. Det har dock visat sig att det avdragsgilltiga privata pensionssparandet är en ekonomisk förlustaffär för 76 procent av pensionsspararna. Då ett privat pensionssparande inte alltid är lönsamt, finns det frågeställningar angående om hur spararna bör agera. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka långsiktiga sparalternativ som finns för ett privat pensionssparande, utifrån en sparares perspektiv. Vidare ska vi belysa vilka faktorer som påverkar en individs val mellan de långsiktiga sparalternativ som finns. Slutligen ska vi förklara hur ett långsiktigt sparande skiljer sig åt beroende på vilken beskattningsbar förvärvsinkomst individen har. Studien har använt sig av metodtriangulering, genom att först genomföra en kvalitativ undersökning med bankaktörer, för att sedan genomföra en kvantitativ webbenkät. Analysen ledde fram konklusionen att det finns många långsiktiga sparformer att välja mellan, dock är valet av sparform högst individuellt. Vad gäller ett privat pensionssparande är denna sparform lönsammast för höginkomsttagare, på grund av skattesystemets utformning. Enligt denna uppsats empiriska resultat, har ett privat pensionssparande vissa fördelar jämfört med ett alternativt sparande. Detta indikerar att ett privat pensionssparande aldrig bör bytas ut, utan bör ses som ett komplement till ett alternativt långsiktigt sparande. / The aim with this paper is to examine which long-term saving alternatives there are for a private pension saving, from a savers perspective. Furthermore, we shall illuminate which factors that influence an individual’s choice between the long-term saving options that exists. Finally, we are going to explain how a long-term saving deviate due to which taxable income the individual have. In the frame of reference we introduce how the saving looks like in Sweden. Furthermore, former research and theories are introduced, which aims to illuminate the factors that influence the saver’s decision about saving alternative. The paper uses method triangulation, by first implementing a qualitative interview study with bank participants, followed by a quantitative questionnaire study online. The analysis leads to the conclusion that there are many saving forms to choose amongst, but the choice of saving form are very individual. In terms of a private pension saving this saving form are most profitable for high income earners, due to how the tax system is designed. According to the empirical results of this paper, a private pension saving have certain advantages compared with an alternative saving. This indicates that a private pension saving should not be replaced, but rather should be seen as a compliment to an alternative long-term saving.

This thesis object with functioning of present retirement system in the Czech republic and in selected countries. There are described differences of financing and differences of pillars on which are this systems built. Further are in this thesis answered reasons for reforming of this systems. The goal of this thesis is design expert system used to serve to financial advisers for suitable saving product selection according to client requests.

Submitted by Manuela de Albuquerque Montenegro (manuamonty@gmail.com) on 2016-02-10T17:10:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Manuela_Montenegro.pdf: 902052 bytes, checksum: 9a0976ea40ce5b9c8f4612f60ad30fb4 (MD5) / Rejected by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br), reason: Manuela, boa tarde Devido às normas da ABNT, por gentileza, realizar o seguinte ajuste: - Capa: Seu nome deve constar somente no centro da página. - Onde consta São Paulo 2015, alterar o ano para 2016, pois sua apresentação ocorreu em 2016. Após alterações, realizar uma nova submissão. Att on 2016-02-11T17:23:32Z (GMT) / Submitted by Manuela de Albuquerque Montenegro (manuamonty@gmail.com) on 2016-02-11T23:44:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Manuela_Montenegro.pdf: 900458 bytes, checksum: 2af727e90538f9bc04bf31e9d549e35f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2016-02-12T19:14:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Manuela_Montenegro.pdf: 900458 bytes, checksum: 2af727e90538f9bc04bf31e9d549e35f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-15T11:11:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Manuela_Montenegro.pdf: 900458 bytes, checksum: 2af727e90538f9bc04bf31e9d549e35f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-20 / The non-maturing deposits are an important source of funding for financial institutions, and imposes a challenge on risk market and liquidity management because of the lack of contractual maturity. The depositors can withdraw the invested amount, as well as investing new amounts, without any contractual penalties. Currently, there is no regulatory standard model to measure de interest rate risk and capital requirements for this accounts. However, there are new regulatory demands that, among other things, aim to standardize the non-maturing accounts models, increasing the comparability between financial institutions risk profiles. These regulatory demands increase the need of quantitative models that defines the run-off profile of this accounts or the evolution of the deposits account volumes through time. This study proposes an approach to model the expected deposits cash flows which will enable to measure the interest rate risk and present its application under the new regulatory rules for capital requirement that are been proposed. As a result we calculate the interest rate risk and the capital requirement for a hypothetical balance sheet. / Os depósitos sem vencimento são uma importante fonte de funding das instituições financeiras, e apresentam um desafio na gestão dos riscos de juros e liquidez, por não apresentarem um vencimento definido. Os depositantes podem sacar o montante de suas aplicações, bem como aportar novos volumes, a qualquer tempo sem a incidência de penalidades. Atualmente não há um modelo regulatório padronizado para mensurar o risco de juros desses produtos, bem como seu requerimento de capital. No entanto, novas regulamentações tem surgido com o intuito de, dentre outras coisas, trazer certa padronização para a modelagem dos depósitos sem vencimento, aumentando a comparabilidade do perfil de risco entre instituições financeiras. Essas regulamentações aumentam a necessidade de modelos quantitativos que definam um perfil de run-off da carteira ou de evolução dessa carteira no tempo. Este estudo tem como objetivo propor uma abordagem para modelar os fluxos de caixa esperados dos depósitos de poupança que possibilitará calcular o risco de mercado e apresentar sua aplicação dentro das novas normas de requerimento de capital que estão sendo propostas. Como resultado calculamos o risco de mercado e requerimento de capital para um balanço teórico.