Esta dissertação tem por objeto a leitura literária de textos marginal-periféricos na escola a partir de experiências com turmas de ensino fundamental II e ensino médio em escola da rede pública do estado de São Paulo. Discutir a pertinência da inserção dessa literatura na esfera educacional, considerando-a como força atuante dentro do campo literário, bem como as relações dessa vertente com o mercado cultural, constitui um dos objetivos deste estudo. Para tanto foram utilizadas, sobretudo, as noções de campo (Pierre Boudieu) e secundariamente a de polissistema (Itamar Even-Zohar). O processo de leitura das obras dessa modalidade pelo aluno leitor foi abordado à luz da teoria da recepção (Hans Robert Jauss e Vincent Jouve). O corpus selecionado para a análise dos elementos que favoreceriam a identificação por parte do receptor é constituído de quatro obras marginais e/ou periféricas de autores diferentes: Capão Pecado, de Ferréz; Graduado em marginalidade, de Sacolinha; Vão, de Allan da Rosa e Te pego lá fora, de Rodrigo Ciríaco. Depreendeu-se do estudo que o valor maior das obras marginalperiféricas estaria relacionado à representatividade social e à apropriação da escrita por grupos historicamente desfavorecidos, o que ocasionaria identificação por parte do leitor, aluno de escolas de periferia. Além dessa identificação, observada no processo de leitura, discutiu-se também a necessidade de um viés de distanciamento, estudado por meio de comparações com teorias teatrais. / The subject of this dissertation is the reading of marginal literary pieces, texts produced by a group of writers from the outskirts of São Paulo city, known as Periferia. Taking in consideration the teaching experiences in middle and high school classes in a public school of São Paulo state and understanding that marginal literature is one of the major influences within the literary field as well as the relation of this group with the publishing market, this study discusses the pertinency of the inclusion of this literature in educational sphere. It was based on the notion of field of Pierre Bourdieu and supplemented by the polysemy of Itamar Even-Zohar. The reading process was seen through the reception theory (Hans Robert Jauss and Vicent Jouve). In order to analyze the elements that help in the process of reader identification, the corpus was Capão Pecado by Ferréz, Graduado em Marginalidade by Sacolinha, Vão by Allan da Rosa and Te Pego Lá Fora by Rodrigo Ciríaco. The conclusion is the value of this kind of literature seems to be related to the social representation and the writing appropriation by historically deprived groups, because of that, the public school readers, raised in the outskirts of a metropolis identify themselves with the texts. Besides the identification, observed during the reading process, it also discusses a need for aloofness, studied in comparison with acting theories.

Esta dissertação tem por objeto a leitura literária de textos marginal-periféricos na escola a partir de experiências com turmas de ensino fundamental II e ensino médio em escola da rede pública do estado de São Paulo. Discutir a pertinência da inserção dessa literatura na esfera educacional, considerando-a como força atuante dentro do campo literário, bem como as relações dessa vertente com o mercado cultural, constitui um dos objetivos deste estudo. Para tanto foram utilizadas, sobretudo, as noções de campo (Pierre Boudieu) e secundariamente a de polissistema (Itamar Even-Zohar). O processo de leitura das obras dessa modalidade pelo aluno leitor foi abordado à luz da teoria da recepção (Hans Robert Jauss e Vincent Jouve). O corpus selecionado para a análise dos elementos que favoreceriam a identificação por parte do receptor é constituído de quatro obras marginais e/ou periféricas de autores diferentes: Capão Pecado, de Ferréz; Graduado em marginalidade, de Sacolinha; Vão, de Allan da Rosa e Te pego lá fora, de Rodrigo Ciríaco. Depreendeu-se do estudo que o valor maior das obras marginalperiféricas estaria relacionado à representatividade social e à apropriação da escrita por grupos historicamente desfavorecidos, o que ocasionaria identificação por parte do leitor, aluno de escolas de periferia. Além dessa identificação, observada no processo de leitura, discutiu-se também a necessidade de um viés de distanciamento, estudado por meio de comparações com teorias teatrais. / The subject of this dissertation is the reading of marginal literary pieces, texts produced by a group of writers from the outskirts of São Paulo city, known as Periferia. Taking in consideration the teaching experiences in middle and high school classes in a public school of São Paulo state and understanding that marginal literature is one of the major influences within the literary field as well as the relation of this group with the publishing market, this study discusses the pertinency of the inclusion of this literature in educational sphere. It was based on the notion of field of Pierre Bourdieu and supplemented by the polysemy of Itamar Even-Zohar. The reading process was seen through the reception theory (Hans Robert Jauss and Vicent Jouve). In order to analyze the elements that help in the process of reader identification, the corpus was Capão Pecado by Ferréz, Graduado em Marginalidade by Sacolinha, Vão by Allan da Rosa and Te Pego Lá Fora by Rodrigo Ciríaco. The conclusion is the value of this kind of literature seems to be related to the social representation and the writing appropriation by historically deprived groups, because of that, the public school readers, raised in the outskirts of a metropolis identify themselves with the texts. Besides the identification, observed during the reading process, it also discusses a need for aloofness, studied in comparison with acting theories.

Magister Educationis - MEd / In this mini-thesis, I explored the factors that affect grade 8 learners’ performance in reading in English.The study focused on reading as it was revealed by National Education Department and Western Cape Education Department that literacy and numeracy levels in schools in the Western Cape were poor. In addition, in March 1997, OBE was initiated in South Africa to develop a better educational system for all learners in schools and was perceived as a major step from the previous system (Botha, 2002). The system of OBE introduced the continuous assessment policies, which was a challenge for teachers already in the educational system. The study highlighted the theories of reading with particular emphasis on the evaluation of teaching of reading and assessment in the English classroom, learners’ home reading background and the influence of social practices and multiliteracies on learners’ reading proficiency. According to Alderson (2000) reading is perceived as a process of meaning- making with identification of different levels of meaning and understanding in and from text including reading skills. To elicit the factors that affect reading four variables were focused on during the study. The variables included reader, task, text and Social Practices and Multiliteracies variables, which interplayed in reading during tasks.In order to gather data the following data capturing methods were employed, firstly I highlighted the classroom observations to unpack the realities in classrooms for both the teacher and the learners. Then secondly I focused on the learners’ questionnaire to determine what happened during reading lessons and learners’ home reading practices. And thirdly I presented the teacher’s interview to highlight the reading strategies that she employed in class. Lastly I discussed the document analysis of grade 8 examination papers and classroom activities with a checklist. I discovered that the system of OBE put demands on teachers that they are not properly trained to do.Despite the fact that training was provided, it was too short and not clearly focused on interactive reading skills. When we consider the importance of multiliteracies, the teacher clearly draws on the learner’s home background by doing activities that make them feel that they are important. This teacher has the ability to successfully incorporate multimodal teaching methods in her class. The teacher also set time aside everyday to assess and mark the learners books, she then clarified issues that learners’ might encounter in the course of the reading lesson.However, there are some factors that could be addressed to improve reading abilities. The overcrowding and ghettoized condition of the class, did not promote morale within this environment. With the inception of OBE in-service training was provided, it was too short and not clearly focused on interactive reading skills. A further factor is learners’ use of Afrikaans during interactions with the teacher and each other,except for one learner who spoke English during the lesson.In conclusion, the evidence showed that the factors hat affect reading and therefore outcomes in education.

TITLE: Project to support reading among children at the beginning of their school attendence AUTHOR: Bc. Jana Rodová DEPARTMENT Department of Czech literature SUPERVISOR: Mgr. Štěpánka Klumparová, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: This dimploma thesis deals with reading development options of children in a kindergarten. The main task is to work out a reading project for the pre-school children an to follow its impact on reading behaviour and relation to books. Thesis comes up with the teoretical way-out to reading and its development. It rates present form of books, pre-school children reading literacy characteristics and summarizes methods for support reading and reading projects among kindergartens in the Czech republic. Qualitative and quantitative research methods are used in the practical part of the thesis. This part contains questionnaire, interviews and the project which was the main part of the practical thesis. The project includes reading lessons, participation in the national reading- support projects and other methods of supporting active reading. The project outcomes are based on a long-term subject observation, summarized and evaluated in a conclusion of the research part. KEYWORDS: Pre-school children - reading development - project - pre-school reading literacy

The theoretical part of the diploma thesis lists the functions of reading books and textbooks generally, formulates the criteria of their assessment, which serves as a basis for identification of the essential dilemmas in the creation of new reading books. The practical part of the thesis develops two chapters of a secondary school reading book. These chapters are compiled thematically according to the principle of so-called "grand ideas". Two approaches to text selection were employed - a literary-historical and a literary-theoretical approach. Both approaches aim at improvement of students' reading literacy: on one hand they deliver to students the necessary field background, on the other hand they open a space for comparison of reading texts across historical periods or literary forms. These advances rely on the interlinkages between texts emergent from the present underlying "grand idea". The reading texts are supplemented by sections of questions and tasks, which ought to assist in interpretation of the reading texts. The methodical comments describe which abilities and skills of students are to be developed in the respective exercise.

L'institutionnalisation de Zola, comportant à la fois la consécration d'une image officielle et la labellisation d'un corpus textuel, doit être envisagée à travers des manuels scolaires, histoires littéraires, études critiques et générations de lecteurs, en tant que réconciliation des métadiscours et conciliation des horizons d'attente. Linéarités, stratifications, constellations sémantiques et formelles sont des visions différentes d'un même objet de lecture, à savoir le texte naturaliste. Une entité qui parcourt sans cesse, par le biais du paratexte - documents critiques, sons et images - prolongation de la lecture jusque dans la périphérie de l'espace textuel, un chemin à double sens. De l'univocité sémantique longuement promue sur le plan scolaire à travers une critique de l'intentionnalité au trop plein de « déstructuration » menant parfois à un non sens ; puis de l'approche structuraliste comme réaction contre l'historicité atrophiant les sens et claustrant la spontanéité du lecteur à l'approche thématique libérant les fantasmes de la lecture dans un monde de symboles, le texte zolien cherche à joindre son lecteur. Ainsi, tout au long de notre étude, nous sommes allée à sa rencontre. Nous n'avons fait qu'observer, noter et constater. À présent, nous laissons entièrement aux lecteurs le soin de conclure … et de recevoir. / The process institutionalising Zola, implying both a recognition of an official image and the labelling of a textual corpus should be considered, by examining school text books, history of literature books, essays and other critical studies, and readers' generations as reconciliation of metadiscourses and conciliation among several « horizons of expectation ». Semantic and formal linearities, stratifications, constellations are all different sides of the same reading object, i.e. the naturalistic text. This entity travels incessantly along a doubleway road through the paratext, an extension of the reading experience up to the peripherical text area : critical documents, sounds and images. From the semantic univocity, which was longly promoted at school level thanks to an intention-focused criticism, up to an overdestructuration sometimes leading to nonsense ; then, from the structural approach reacting against that historicity which atrophies sense and confines spontaneous reading up to a thematic approach liberating a whole world of symbols, Zola's text tends to reach its reader. Thus, we have tried to join his text all throughout this analysis. Indeed, we have simply observed, noted and attested. From now on, we assume that it belongs to readers to get to a conclusion and… to receive.

A local and national concern in education is the persistent achievement gap between African American and Caucasian middle school students. Despite numerous reforms, the gap continues to show African American middle school students performing lower in reading. The purpose of this mixed methods study, framed in the theoretical perspective of Culturally Responsive Pedagogy, was to examine teachers' expectations and the relationship between those expectations and the educational outcomes of African American middle school children. Data were collected to identify pedagogical practices, examine teacher expectations, and determine the relationship between those expectations and student Criterion Referenced Competency Test (CRCT) scores. Nineteen middle school teachers volunteered to take the Regalla Adaptive Teachers' Expectation Survey, which quantified teachers' expectations for student achievement using items rated on a 5-point Likert scale (5 = strongly agree with high expectation statement). Pedagogy was examined through 12 classroom observations and archival data provided CRCT scores for 650 African American students. Based on survey results, the mean score for teacher expectations was 4.47 out of 5.00. Observations established that 8 out of 12 teachers were rated proficient in terms of instructional plans. Correlation analysis determined a significant and direct relationship between teachers' expectation scores and middle school students' scores on the CRCT (p < .05). The results highlight the importance of teacher expectations for student achievement. The implications for social change include using the findings at the local site to communicate to teachers the importance of having high expectations for all students to improve the achievement levels of all middle school students and close the achievement gap.

This diploma thesis deals with applying fanfiction to the Czech language and literature lessons for the 2nd stage of basic school. The main focus is on writing with esthetical focus. First part deals with fanfiction set on its application in education. Next part is studying the demands of Czech curriculum on teaching writing methods and the goals and methods of creative writing. Third part opens the possibilities of fanfiction and discusses reasons why fanfiction is useful. It gives ideas how to use fanfiction in education in specific ways to explore student's literacy and other skills. Last part contains four lesson plans based on work with fanfiction and its curriculum's themes. Three of these lessons were experienced with years 7, 8 and 9 students. Applying fanfiction seems to be useful, especially with theme setting and students' motivation.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-01-07T12:14:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1995115 bytes, checksum: e79c9b6a5cc9bfce63360230ccfbd83b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-07T12:14:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1995115 bytes, checksum: e79c9b6a5cc9bfce63360230ccfbd83b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-20 / This study is the result of an action research conducted during two years (2012-2013), in a Reading Workshop conducted by a professor player in the Technical Course of Electrotechnical Integrated to High School in the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Paraiba - Campus João Pessoa, with the purpose of involving 15 volunteers with students literature reading, in order to develop their knowledge of an integral manner (rational and emotionally) and make them permanent readers, since in general, due to the tendency institutional technicalities to training, most students at the end of the course, has no interest in literary reading. Based on the reports written by the participants of the reading practices carried out by the school and especially the Reading workshop, it was observed that the discursive analysis, within a verbal interaction space, constitutes an important tool to better understand the effects the act of reading in the construction of meanings and social representations in the process of identity formation of the subject reader and also contributes to the improvement and better planning of reading practices carried out within a highly positivist character of pedagogical environment. The reading mediation, developed by a reader teacher, would, according to Silva (1991, 2009), the contact of students with literature ceased to be a purely formal point of "reading comprehension" which usually culminates in a written evaluation, and turned into a moment of interaction between readers, through dialogic reading proposed by Whitehurst (1992), a practice of reading based on the poetic-literary dialogue in a verbal interactive environment governed by solidarity, respect and listening. The dialogic reading stimulate closer acquaintance with the poetic voice emanating from the literary works permeated with emotions, feelings, desires and dreams inherently characteristic of the human condition from the perspective of performance defined by Zumthor (1993, 2000, 2010). It was observed during the two years of activity, which only been three dropouts among 15 student volunteers. Thus, it was shown that a teacher reader is able to awaken and maintain the interest of their students in literary reading. This work suggests a voluntary reading mediation, more human, subjective and interdependent in an alternative space of dialogical practice of training competent and permanent readers. / Este estudo é fruto de uma pesquisa-ação realizada durante dois anos (2012-2013), em uma Oficina de Leitura regida por um professor leitor, no Curso Técnico Integrado ao Ensino Médio em Eletrotécnica do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba – Campus João Pessoa, com o intuito de envolver 15 alunos voluntários com a leitura literária, a fim de desenvolver seus conhecimentos de maneira integrante (racional e emocionalmente) e torná-los leitores permanentes, uma vez que, em geral, em função da tendência institucional à formação tecnicista, a maioria dos alunos, ao término do curso, não apresenta interesse pela leitura literária. Com base nos relatos escritos pelos participantes sobre as práticas de leitura realizadas pela escola e, principalmente, pela Oficina de Leitura, foi observado que a análise discursiva, dentro de um espaço de interação verbal, constitui-se um instrumento importante para melhor compreender os efeitos do ato de ler na construção de sentidos e de representações sociais durante o processo de formação da identidade do sujeito leitor e, também, contribui para o aprimoramento e o melhor planejamento das práticas de leitura realizadas dentro de um ambiente pedagógico de caráter eminentemente positivista. A mediação de leitura, desenvolvida pelo professor leitor, permitiria, segundo Silva (1991, 2009), que o contato dos alunos com a literatura deixasse de ser um momento meramente formal de “interpretação de texto”, que, em geral, culmina com uma avaliação escrita, e se transformasse em um momento de interação entre leitores, por meio da leitura dialógica proposta por Whitehurst (1992), uma prática de leitura baseada no diálogo poético-literário em um ambiente de interação verbal regido pela solidariedade, o respeito e a escuta. A leitura dialógica estimularia a convivência mais estreita com a voz poética que emana das obras literárias permeadas de emoções, sentimentos, anseios e sonhos inerentemente característicos da condição humana, segundo a perspectiva da performance definida por Zumthor (1993, 2000, 2010). Foi observado, durante os dois anos de atividades, que somente houve três desistências, entre os 15 alunos voluntários. Dessa forma, foi demonstrado que um professor leitor é capaz de despertar e manter o interesse de seus alunos na leitura literária. Assim, este trabalho sugere uma mediação de leitura voluntária, mais humana, subjetiva e interdependente, em um espaço alternativo de prática dialógica de formação de leitores permanentes e competentes.

The diploma thesis focuses on reading of the ninth grade school pupils. The aim is to evaluate the influence of school teaching of the subject Czech language and literature on pupils and their approach to reading. The theoretical part introduces key terms, importance of reading, factors influencing the reading of children and youth, reading of pubescents and deals with the role of the school in forming of reading habits. The research was carried out in the ninth grade of lower-secondary school. It was a qualitative method in the form of questionnaires. Specific research questions have been identified in cooperation with the school and the teacher. The research results - in the context of the suggestions offered by the school - provide feedback for the school and teacher.