Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:15:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1845.pdf: 5447464 bytes, checksum: 398359d64703f6d1ab2a13e408fd3e97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-11 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / In this work, we seek a better understanding of the role of the absorption potential involved in the dynamics of electron-atom (-molecule) interactions, in arder to develop a po¬tential model that better represents the absorption effects in a wide incident energy range. Ideally, this potential should be free of adjustable parameters, and should be able to re¬produce not only the elastic differential, integral and momentum transfer cross sections but algo the gran-total and total absorption cross sections for electron-molecule collision, in a wide incident energy range. A detailed review of the absorption potential models reported in the literature that include "Quasi-Free Scattering Madel" (QFSM) originally proposed by Staszewska et aI. [37], and the modified QFSM versions of Blanco and Garcia [41] was IDade. A comparative study using these potentials was dane through the calculation of various electron scattering cross sections by a group of atoms and molecules, such as Ar, N2, C2H2 and H2O, for which an abundant experimental data is available in the literature. Such studies allowed us to assess the virtues and deficiencies of these models. Afterwards we have proposed a modification in the version 3 of QFSM of Staszewska et aI., based on the quasi- free electron and binary-encounter approximations in arder to generate a potential that better represents the dynamics of electron-target interaction. In our model, an empir¬ical scaling factor tas been proposed ,in, ordeFI,to, eorrect, the I dist0l1tion of the absorption potential caused by the free-electron-gas approximation. This factar uses two parameters which are independent of targets and incident energies, thus being able to be used in a predictive purpose for a general target. We have used this modified potential to calculate the cross section for several electron-atom, -molecule and -radical scattering, at 10 - 1000 eV impact energies. The iterative Schwinger variational method (ISVM) combined with the distorted-wave approximation (DWA) was used to solve the scattering equations. The calculated gran- total and total absorption cross sections allowed an improvement relative to those obtained using the version 3 oÍ' QFBM' oÍ'StaSzewska et al:.) I / Neste trabalho, realizamos uma pesquisa visando o melhor entendimento do papel do potencial de absorção envolvido na dinâmica de lnteração de elétrons-átomos (-moléculas), e a obtenção de um modelo de potencial que melhor representa os efeitos de absorção, nas faixas de energia intermediária e alta. Idealmente, este potencial deve ser livre de parâmetros ajustáveis e ser capaz de reproduzir, não somente as seções de choque diferenciais (SCD), integrais (SCI) e tranferência de momento (SCTM) dos espalhamentos elásticos, mas também as seções de choque total (SCT) e absorção total (SCAT) numa ampla faixa de energia incidente. Fizemos uma revisão detalhada sobre os modelos de potencial de absorção existentes na literatura, tais como, o modelo chamado de "Quasi-Pree Scattering Model" (QFSM) proposto por Staszewska e col. [37], e também, o modelo QFSM modificado por Blanco e Garcia [41]. Iniciamos um estudo comparativo, utilizando estes potenciais, através do cálculo de diversas seções de choques do espalhamento de elétrons por um grupo de átomos e moléculas, que apresentam na literatura dados experimentais abundantes, tais como Ar, Nz, CzHz e HzO. Este estudo nos permitiu avaliar as virtudes e defeitos destes modelos. Com base nestes estudos propomos uma modificação no modelo de potencial de absorção, versão 3, proposto por Staszewska e col., baseada nas aproximações quasi-free e binary-encounter para gerar um potencial que melhor represente a dinâmica de interação elétron-alvo. Em nosso modelo é proposto um fator de escala empírico para corrigir a distorção do potencial de absorção causado pela aproximação free-electron-gas. Este fator usa dois parâmetros que são independentes do alvo e da energia incidente, portanto pode ser utilizado um grande número de alvos. Utilizamos este potencial para cálculos de seções de choque de espalhamento de elétrons para diversos átomos, moléculas e radicais, para energias incidentes de 10 - 1000 eV. O método variacional de Schwinger iterativo (MVSI) combinado com o método de ondas distorcidas (MOD) são utilizados para resolver as equações de espalhamento. Os resultados obtidos mostram uma grande melhora da SCT e SCAT em relação ao modelo original de Staszewska e col..

In this Thesis, we propose to analyze three different aspects of Fundamental Physics.The first part is devoted to the detailed study of what is called "unconventional supersymmetry" in three and four dimensions for Abelian and non-Abelian internal groups. We show the dynamical content of the odd-dimensional theory, counting at the same time the local degrees of freedom for some particular sectors of the phase space. In the non-Abelian three-dimensional case, some black hole solutions are presented, including their Killing spinors. In four dimensions, the supersymmetry is broken explicitly and a standard Dirac Lagrangian coupled with the electromagnetic field and the background geometry is obtained.In the second part, the dynamical content for the free and gauge coupled massless Rarita-Schwinger theory is presented. We are able to do that through the Dirac's Hamiltonian formalism and the Faddeev-Jackiw method, showing at the same time the symmetries of the theory. It is shown that in the gauge extended theory, which includes extra fermionic fields to restore the fermionic symmetries of the free case, the anticommutator of the Rarita-Schwinger field in the canonical quantization is not positive definite in general.As the graphene has been proposed as an on ``table-top laboratory" for some Quantum Gravity scenarios, in the third part of this Thesis we clarify some subtle features of strained graphene in order to manage properly this material. We show particularly that the pseudo-magnetic field induced by the in-plane strain tensor field cannot emerge from a Quantum Field Theory in curved spacetime approach (bottom-up approach) but from the detailed analysis of the tight-binding Hamiltonian of pi electrons in graphene (top-down approach) instead. / Dans cette Thèse, nous nous proposons d'analyser trois aspects différents de la Physique Fondamentale.La première partie est consacrée à l'éude détaillée de ce qu'on appelle "supersymétrie non conventionnelle" à trois et quatre dimensions pour des groupes internes abéliens et non abéliens. Nous montrons le contenu dynamique de la théorie de la dimension impaire, comptant en même temps les degrés de liberté locaux pour certains secteurs particuliers de l'espace des phases. Dans le cas tridimensionnel non-abélien, certaines solutions de trous noirs sont présentées, y compris leurs spinors de Killing. En quatre dimensions, la supersymétrie est brisée explicitement et un Lagrangien de Dirac standard couplé à l'électromagnétisme et à la géométrie d'arriére-plan est obtenu.Dans la deuxième partie, le contenu dynamique de la théorie de Rarita-Schwinger libre et couplée à un champ de jauge sans masse est présenté. Nous sommes en mesure de le faire par le formalisme Hamiltonien de Dirac et la méthode dite de Faddeev-Jackiw, en montrant en même temps les symétries de la théorie. Il est démontré que dans la théorie étendue de jauge, qui comprend des champs fermioniques supplémentaires pour restaurer les symétries fermioniques du cas libre, l'anticommutator du champ Rarita-Schwinger dans la quantification canonique n'est pas définiti positif en général.Comme le graphène a été proposé comme un "laboratoire de table" pour certains scénarios de gravité quantique, dans la troisième partie de cette Thèse, nous clarifions certaines caractéristiques subtiles du graphène sous tension afin de gérer correctement ce matériel. Nous montrons en particulier que le champ pseudo-magnétique induit par le champ tensoriel de déformation dans le plan ne peut pas émerger d'une théorie de champ quantique dans un espace courbe (approche bottom-up), mais bien à partir de l'analyse détaillée de l'Hamiltonien tight-binding des pi électrons dans le graphène (approche top-down). / En esta Tesis se propone analizar tres aspectos diferentes de la Física Fundamental.La primera parte está dedicada al estudio detallado de lo que ha pasado a llamarse "supersimetría no convencional" en tres y cuatro dimensiones para grupos internos abelianos y no abelianos. Se muestra el contenido dinámico en dimensiones impares de la teoría, contando al mismo tiempo los grados de libertad locales para ciertos sectores del espacio de fases. En el caso tridimensional no abeliano, se presentan algunas soluciones de agujeros negros, incluyendo sus espinores de Killing. En cuatro dimensiones, la supersimetría está rota explícitamente y se obtiene un lagrangiano estándar de Dirac acoplado con el campo electromagnético y la geometría de fondo.En la segunda parte, se presenta el contenido dinámico de la teoría de Rarita-Schwinger libre y con acoplamiento gauge. Esto se puede hacer a través del formalismo hamiltoniano de Dirac y el método de Faddeev-Jackiw, mostrando al mismo tiempo las simetrías de la teoría. Se observa que en la teoría gauge extendida, la cual incluye campos fermiónicos extra para restaurar la simetría fermiónica del caso libre, el anticonmutador del campo de Rarita-Schwinger no es definido positivo en la cuantización canónica.Ya que el grafeno se ha propuesto como una "mesa de laboratorio" para algunos escenarios de gravedad cuántica, en la tercera parte de esta Tesis se clarifican algunas características sutiles del grafeno extendido con el objetivo de manejar debidamente el material. Se muestra particularmente que el campo seudo-magnético inducido por el campo de tensión planar no puede emerger de una teoría cuántica de campos en espacios curvos (abordaje top-down), sino de un análisis detallado del hamiltoniano tight-binding de los electrones pi en el grafeno (abordaje bottom-up). / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18056号 / 理博第3934号 / 新制||理||1567(附属図書館) / 30914 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)准教授 戸塚 圭介, 教授 石田 憲二, 教授 川上 則雄 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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The restiction to the class of Jordan - Schwinger representations of s`(n+1) results in simple relations for the L matrices and in explicit expressions for the general Yang-Baxter operators as products of two parameter permutation operators. Limits are studied which are related to the finite dimensional representations and to degenerate Yangians. The analogy to the s`(2) case leads to analogous forms of global spin chain operators.

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Orientador: Márcio Teixeira do Nascimento Varella. / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós Graduação em Nanociências e Materiais Avançados, 2010.

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-04-16T18:07:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_EfeitosTemperaturaPotencial.pdf: 344094 bytes, checksum: 23f60186b02599bfee5680a55f01848b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-06-13T13:36:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_EfeitosTemperaturaPotencial.pdf: 344094 bytes, checksum: 23f60186b02599bfee5680a55f01848b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-13T13:36:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_EfeitosTemperaturaPotencial.pdf: 344094 bytes, checksum: 23f60186b02599bfee5680a55f01848b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho iremos estudar os efeitos do potencial químico em (1 + 1) dimensões em modelos de teoria de campos a temperatura finita. Em particular, consideraremos férmions não massivos em um campo de fundo de calibre abeliano e calcularemos a ação efetiva por meio da função de n-pontos. Escreveremos a estrutura das amplitudes correspondentes e generalizaremos cálculos já existentes na literatura sem o potencial químico. Mostraremos através dos cálculos que a anomalia quiral não e afetada pela presença do potencial químico a temperatura finita. Entretanto, na ausência desse potencial as funções ímpares são nulas. Já na presença dele a temperatura finita, a função tem contribuições pares e ímpares. Mostraremos que a origem da estrutura das amplitudes e melhor vista a partir da formulação alternativa da teoria em termos dos espinores left- e right-handed. Os cálculos são também mais simples nessa formalação e alguns aspectos da teoria ficam mais claros. / In this work we study the e ects of a nonzero chemical potential in (1 + 1) dimensions quantum eld models at nite temperature. We particularly consider massless fermions in an abelian gauge eld background and calculate the e ective action by evaluating the n-point functions. We nd that the structure of the amplitudes corresponds to a generalization of the structure noted earlier in a calculation found in the literature without a chemical potential (the associated integrals carry the dependence on the chemical potential). Our calculation shows that the chiral anomaly is una ected by the presence of a chemical potential at nite temperature. However, unlike in the absence of a chemical potential, odd point functions do not vanish. In fact, we nd that all the even point functions are even functions of while the odd point functions are odd functions of . We show that the origin of the structure of the amplitudes is best seen from a formulation of the theory in terms of left and right handed spinors. The calculations are also much simpler in this formulation and it clari es many other aspects of the theory.

L'objet de cette thèse est l'étude des propriétés magnétiques de deux systèmes bidimensionels. Le premier correspond à des composés de cuprate ou vanadate qui peuvent être modélisés par un système de spins sur réseau carré et un modèle d'Heisenberg à trois couplages, avec un premier couplage ferromagnétique et des couplages deuxièmes et troisièmes voisins antiferromagnétiques. Le système ainsi obtenu constitue un système frustré. Après obtention du diagramme de phase classique en fonction des couplages, nous avons étudié l'effet sur celui-ci des fluctuations quantiques par la méthode des bosons de Holstein-Primakov et celle des bosons de Schwinger. Le deuxième type de système auquel nous nous sommes intéressés sont les systèmes finis de graphène. Pour étudier ce matériau, nous avons utilisé une approximation champ moyen du modèle d'Hubbard. Dans un premier temps nous avons retrouvé des résultats déjà connus confirmant ainsi une implémentation correcte de notre modèle. Nous avons ensuite cherché à établir la précision de cette méthode en comparant les résultats obtenus par cette méthode avec ceux obtenus par diagonalisation exacte du modèle et ceux obtenus par simulation Monte Carlo. Et en dernier lieu nous avons mis en évidence une signature dynamique de l'aimantation des bords en zigzag des systèmes finis de graphène.