[pt] A implantação de aplicações baseadas em componentes distribuídos é composta por um conjunto de atividades geridas por uma Infraestrutura de Implantação. Aplicações atuais estão se tornando cada vez mais complexas, necessitando de um ambiente alvo dinâmico e multi-plataforma. Assim, a atividade de planejamento de uma implantação é o passo mais crítico, pois define a configuração da infraestrutura de execução de forma a atender os requisitos do ambiente alvo de uma aplicação. Por outro lado, o modelo de serviço na nuvem chamado Infraestrutura como Serviço(IaaS) oferece recursos computacionais sob demanda, com características dinâmicas, escaláveis e elásticas. Nesta dissertação nós estendemos a Infraestrutura de Implantação para componentes SCS de forma a permitir o uso de nuvens privadas ou públicas como o ambiente alvo de uma implantação, através do uso de uma cloud API e políticas flexíveis para especificar um ambiente alvo personalizado. Além disso, hospedamos a infraestrutura de implantação na nuvem. Isto permitiu-nos usar recursos computacionais sob demanda para instanciar os serviços da Infraestrutura de Implantação, produzindo uma Plataforma como Serviço(PaaS) experimental. / [en] Deployment of distributed component-based applications is composed of a set of activities managed by a Deployment Infrastructure. Current applications are becoming increasingly more complex, requiring a multi-platform and a dynamic target environment. Thus, the planning activity is the most critical step because it defines the configuration of the execution infrastructure in order to satisfy the requirements of the application’s target environment. On the other hand, the cloud service model called Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) offers on-demand computational resources with dynamic, scalable, and elastic features. In this work we have extended the Deployment Infrastructure for SCS componentes to support private or public clouds as its target environment, through the use of a cloud API and flexible policies to specify a customized target environment. Additionally, we host the Deployment Infrastructure on the cloud, which allow us to use on-demand computational resources to instantiate Deployment Infrastructure services, creating an experimental Platform as a Service (PaaS).

This thesis focuses on the concept of self-compassion - a healthy attitude toward oneself which could be more easily attainable than unconditional self-acceptance and have less downsides than self-esteem. The first part of the thesis offers the most widely used conceptualisation of self-compassion, a comparison between self-compassion, self-esteem and unconditional self-acceptance, a summary of application areas of self-compassion, a list of relevant psychometric tools and a description of the Czech translation of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-CZ). The second part of the thesis consists of a quantitative study designed to further assess the construct validity of the SCS-CZ using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the trait form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI X2) and the Unconditional Positive Self-Regard Scale (UPSRS) and to explore the connection between self-compassion and unconditional positive self-regard. A battery of web-based inventories was administered to a non-clinical sample (n = 415). The SCS-CZ shows a strong negative correlation with the BDI-II and the STAI X2, and a strong positive correlation with the UPSRS. The SCS-CZ is a valid measure of self-compasssion, suitable for comparing groups and population samples. For drawing conclusions about individuals, it is...

När klimatet i Sverige blir varmare ökar både förekomsten och omfattningen av intensiva skyfall. Dessa kan leda till stora konsekvenser lokalt för drabbade samhällen. Omfattande översvämningar, skadade fastigheter, erosionsskador och hindrad framkomlighet är några av de potentiella följderna. Ett första steg för att öka beredskapen för skyfall är att göra en skyfallskartering där ett nederbördstillfälle med skyfallskaraktär läggs in i en hydraulisk modell över ett område. Modellen visar sedan områden som riskerar att drabbas av översvämningar samt vilken väg som ytavrinningen tar under förloppet. I detta arbete har en sådan modell gjorts över Sala stad. Skyfallsmodellen skapades i programmet HEC-RAS och för att simulera infiltrationen användes metoden SCS curve number. SCS curve number metoden uppskattar infiltration baserat på markanvändning och jordart. Typregnet valdes till 100 års återkomsttid och modellerades som ett CDS-regn med varaktighet sex timmar och klimatfaktor 1,3. Ett avdrag på nederbördsmängden gjordes även för dagvattennätets kapacitet. Resultatet blev att flertalet områden i Sala kan drabbas av potentiellt stora vattendjup. De största problemområdena identifierades till bebyggelsen mellan Ringgatan och Östra Tulegatan söder om centrala Sala samt området kring Pråmån uppströms Jakob Mats kvarn. Då infiltrationsmetoden SCS curve number är baserad på empiriska data gjordes en känslighetsanalys på infiltrationsparametrarna. Det som undersöktes var påverkan på total andel infiltrerad nederbörd och översvämningarnas utbredning. Tre olika scenarion baserat på osäkerheten i curve number-talet användes samt ett scenario utan infiltration i modellen. Skillnaden i total översvämmad yta med ett djup större än 0,1 m mellan scenariot med högst infiltration och scenariot med lägst infiltration var i modellen totalt 9,1 procentenheter. I det scenario där ingen infiltration modellerades drabbades flertalet nya fastigheter och infrastruktur av översvämning vilket visar på infiltrationens betydelse för riskbedömningen vid en skyfallskartering. Totalt infiltrerade 30 % av nederbörden i modellen vid scenariot med lägst infiltration, 49 % av nederbörden vid scenariot med direkta litteraturvärden för curve number- talet och 66 % av nederbörden i scenariot med högst infiltration. Eftersom infiltrationen mellan scenarierna til hög grad berodde på hur jordarterna klassades i modellen är det dock svårt att dra en generell slutsats om vilket infiltrationsscenario som är bäst lämpat att använda vid skyfall. / As the climate becomes warmer in Sweden the frequency and extent of cloudbursts are expected to rise. When these rain events occurs in populated areas the consequences can be severe for the local community with extensive flooding leading to for example damaged properties, erosion and obstructions of traffic. One step to increase the awareness of these risks is to do a cloudbust mapping were a rain with cloudburst extent is modelled hydraulically. Areas that are at risk of flooding during the rain event and flow paths for the surface runoff can be assessed from the model. In this thesis such a model was created for the town of Sala. The cloudbust model was made using the software HEC-RAS and to simulate infiltration the method SCS curve number was implemented. The rain event was modeled as a Chicago design storm with a return period of 100 years, total duration of six hours and a climate factor of 1,3. The results were that several areas in Sala were at risk of flooding. Two main areas with risk of major flooding extents were located to just south of central Sala between Ringgatan and Östra Tulegatan and adjacent to Pråmån upstream of Jakob Mats kvarn. Because of uncertainties in the SCS curve number model and due to the fact that it is based on empirical data a sensitivity analysis was also done on the infiltration parameters. For the sensitivity analysis four different scenarios were used. One scenario had no modeled infiltration and the three other scenarios were based of error estimations of the curve number parameter called antecedent runoff conditions. The difference in flooding extent with a depth greater than 0,1 m in the model between the scenario with high infiltration and the scenario with low infiltration was 9,1 percentage points. Several new properties and infrastructure were affected in the scenario when no infiltration was used. In total 30% of the precipitation infiltrated in the model in the scenario with low infiltration, 49% infiltrated in the scenario with literature values for the curve number value, and 66% of the precipitation infiltrated in the scenario with high infiltration. Since the infiltration is highly dependent on the classification of the soils in the model no overall conclusion could be drawn on which infiltration scenario that is best suited for a cloudburst model in general when the SCS curve number method is used to model infiltration.

<p>Society-induced changes to the environment are altering the effectiveness of existing management strategies for sustaining natural and agricultural ecosystem productivity. At the watershed scale, natural and agro-ecosystems represent complex spatiotemporal stochastic processes. In time, they respond to random rainfall events, evapotranspiration and other losses that are spatially variable because of heterogeneities in soil properties, root distributions, topography, and other factors. To quantify the environmental impact of anthropogenic activities, it is essential that we characterize the evolution of space and time patterns of ecosystem fluxes (e.g., energy, water, and nutrients). Such a characterization then provides a basis for assessing and managing future anthropogenic risks to the sustainability of ecosystem productivity.</p><p>To characterize the space and time evolution of watershed scale processes, this dissertation introduces a mean field approach to watershed hydrology. Mean field theory (also known as self-consistent field theory) is commonly used in statistical physics when modeling the space-time behavior of complex systems. The mean field theory approximates a complex multi-component system by considering a lumped (or average) effect of all individual components acting on a single component. Thus, the many body problem is reduced to a one body problem. For watershed hydrology, a mean field theory reduces the numerous point component effects to more tractable watershed averages resulting in a consistent method for linking the average watershed fluxes (evapotranspiration, runoff, etc.) to the local fluxes at each point.</p><p>The starting point for this work is a general point description of the soil moisture, rainfall, and runoff system. For this system, we find the joint PDF that describes the temporal variability of the soil water, rainfall, and runoff processes. Since this approach does not account for the spatial variability of runoff, we introduce a probabilistic storage (ProStor) framework for constructing a lumped (unit area) rainfall-runoff response from the spatial distribution of watershed storage. This framework provides a basis for unifying and extending common event-based hydrology models (e.g. Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN) method) with more modern semi-distributed models (e.g. Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model, the Probability Distributed (PDM) model, and TOPMODEL). In each case, we obtain simple equations for the fractions of the different source areas of runoff, the spatial variability of runoff and soil moisture, and the average runoff value (i.e., the so-called runoff curve). Finally, we link the temporal and spatial descriptions with a mean field approach for watershed hydrology. By applying this mean field approach, we upscale the point description with the spatial distribution of soil moisture and parameterize the numerous local interactions related to lateral fluxes of soil water in terms of its average. With this approach, we then derive PDFs that represent the space and time distribution of soil water and associated watershed fluxes such as evapotranspiration and runoff.</p> / Dissertation

No mundo, mais pessoas morrem de tuberculose que de qualquer outra infecção curável. O Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose (PNCT) tem como propósito fundamental promover o controle da tuberculose no Brasil. Busca a interrupção da transmissão da doença e a conseqüente diminuição dos riscos de adoecer e morrer por ela. Para isso, procura identificar precocemente todos os doentes, garantindo seu tratamento até o final. O Estado de São Paulo, seguindo a política nacional, muito tem investido em treinamentos para implantação da busca ativa do sintomático respiratório. Todos os funcionários de unidades de saúde vêm recebendo treinamentos e todos podem realizar a busca ativa, independente de sua profissão ou função na unidade. Entretanto, em estudo realizado no Município de Guarulhos, em 2005, constatou-se que mais de 90% dos sintomáticos respiratórios deixam de ser identificados pelos serviços de saúde, apesar de que 70% dos profissionais da rede básica de saúde do município receberam treinamento sobre busca ativa em 2004 e a mesma foi implantada em todas as unidades. O objetivo deste estudo foi de conhecer a percepção do profissional de saúde sobre a atividade de busca ativa do sintomático respiratório, no município de Guarulhos, através de entrevistas semi estruturadas e gravadas em fitas magnéticas, utilizando a estratégia metodológica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Na análise dos discursos ficou evidente que o profissional de saúde sabe o que é fazer busca ativa, a maioria se preocupa com quem está tossindo indo investigar, a atividade é reconhecida como um bom trabalho, é considerada simples apesar de desencadear várias etapas e trazer preocupações e reações tanto do usuário como do profissional de saúde, onde os fatores que inviabilizam a sua execução nas unidades de saúde que fizeram parte deste estudo são: a falta de recursos humanos, excesso de trabalho, falta de interesse e desmotivação aliados à inexistência de uma rotina implantada para que a mesma possa ser realizada. / More people die of tuberculosis than of any other curable infection worldwide. The National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTCP) is involved in the tuberculosis control in Brazil and halting disease transmission and consequently reduce the risk of people getting and dying of tuberculosis. Hence, the early identification is attempted in order to provide complete treatment of all cases. The State of Sao Paulo, in accordance with the National policy, has heavily invested in training professionals to introduce the active case finding of respiratory symptomatics as a routine activity in health care units. All healthcare professionals have been trained and are able to conduct active case findings, independent of their profession or function at the healthcare system. However, in a study conducted in the city of Guarullhos (State of Sao Paulo), in 2005, was observed that more than 90% of respiratory symptomatics are left unidentified in the healthcare units, in spite of 70% of professionals of the whole healthcare system of the municipality having received active case finding training in 2004, when the activity was introduced in all healthcare system. The objective of the present study is to appraise the perception of healthcare workers regarding the active case finding activity in the city of Guarulhos, by means of semistructured tape-recorded interviews, using the methodologic strategy of Speech of Collective Subject. In examining the speeches, it was found out that the healthcare worker is aware of what the active case finding means and most of them are concerned with people coughing and do start the necessary investigations. They recognize that the activity is simple and useful, although comprising several steps. Preoccupations and reactions of both patients and healthcare workers regarding factors that may render the activity not feasible in healthcare units are: lack of personnel, excessive amount of work, lack of interest and motivation added up to non-existing routines that would allow the work to be done.

No mundo, mais pessoas morrem de tuberculose que de qualquer outra infecção curável. O Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose (PNCT) tem como propósito fundamental promover o controle da tuberculose no Brasil. Busca a interrupção da transmissão da doença e a conseqüente diminuição dos riscos de adoecer e morrer por ela. Para isso, procura identificar precocemente todos os doentes, garantindo seu tratamento até o final. O Estado de São Paulo, seguindo a política nacional, muito tem investido em treinamentos para implantação da busca ativa do sintomático respiratório. Todos os funcionários de unidades de saúde vêm recebendo treinamentos e todos podem realizar a busca ativa, independente de sua profissão ou função na unidade. Entretanto, em estudo realizado no Município de Guarulhos, em 2005, constatou-se que mais de 90% dos sintomáticos respiratórios deixam de ser identificados pelos serviços de saúde, apesar de que 70% dos profissionais da rede básica de saúde do município receberam treinamento sobre busca ativa em 2004 e a mesma foi implantada em todas as unidades. O objetivo deste estudo foi de conhecer a percepção do profissional de saúde sobre a atividade de busca ativa do sintomático respiratório, no município de Guarulhos, através de entrevistas semi estruturadas e gravadas em fitas magnéticas, utilizando a estratégia metodológica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Na análise dos discursos ficou evidente que o profissional de saúde sabe o que é fazer busca ativa, a maioria se preocupa com quem está tossindo indo investigar, a atividade é reconhecida como um bom trabalho, é considerada simples apesar de desencadear várias etapas e trazer preocupações e reações tanto do usuário como do profissional de saúde, onde os fatores que inviabilizam a sua execução nas unidades de saúde que fizeram parte deste estudo são: a falta de recursos humanos, excesso de trabalho, falta de interesse e desmotivação aliados à inexistência de uma rotina implantada para que a mesma possa ser realizada. / More people die of tuberculosis than of any other curable infection worldwide. The National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTCP) is involved in the tuberculosis control in Brazil and halting disease transmission and consequently reduce the risk of people getting and dying of tuberculosis. Hence, the early identification is attempted in order to provide complete treatment of all cases. The State of Sao Paulo, in accordance with the National policy, has heavily invested in training professionals to introduce the active case finding of respiratory symptomatics as a routine activity in health care units. All healthcare professionals have been trained and are able to conduct active case findings, independent of their profession or function at the healthcare system. However, in a study conducted in the city of Guarullhos (State of Sao Paulo), in 2005, was observed that more than 90% of respiratory symptomatics are left unidentified in the healthcare units, in spite of 70% of professionals of the whole healthcare system of the municipality having received active case finding training in 2004, when the activity was introduced in all healthcare system. The objective of the present study is to appraise the perception of healthcare workers regarding the active case finding activity in the city of Guarulhos, by means of semistructured tape-recorded interviews, using the methodologic strategy of Speech of Collective Subject. In examining the speeches, it was found out that the healthcare worker is aware of what the active case finding means and most of them are concerned with people coughing and do start the necessary investigations. They recognize that the activity is simple and useful, although comprising several steps. Preoccupations and reactions of both patients and healthcare workers regarding factors that may render the activity not feasible in healthcare units are: lack of personnel, excessive amount of work, lack of interest and motivation added up to non-existing routines that would allow the work to be done.

A new approach to image-space hardware-based rendering of Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) models is presented. The work is motivated by the evolving functionality and performance of computer graphics hardware. This work is also motivated by a specific industrial application --- interactive verification of five axis grinding machine tool programs. The goal is to minimise the amount of time required to render each frame in an animation or interactive application involving boolean combinations of three dimensional shapes. The Sequenced Convex Subtraction (SCS) algorithm utilises sequenced subtraction of convex objects for the purpose of interactive CSG rendering. Concave shapes must be decomposed into convex shapes for the purpose of rendering. The length of Permutation Embedding Sequences (PESs) used as subtraction sequences are shown to have a quadratic lower bound. In many situations shorter sequences can be used, in the best case linear. Approaches to s ubtraction sequence encoding are presented including the use of object-space overlap information. The implementation of the algorithm is experimentally shown to perform better on modern commodity graphics hardware than previously reported methods. This work also examines performance aspects of the SCS algorithm itself. Overall performance depends on hardware characteristics, the number and spatial arrangement of primitives, and the structure and boolean operators of the CSG tree.

Floods are one of the most important natural disasters regarding damages caused by them. Major reasons of huge damages of floods are unplanned urbanization, narrowing of river beds and incorrect operation of water control structures. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can provide important tools to be used in flood modeling studies. In this study, Lake Mogan, Lake Eymir and Incesu Detention Pond subbasins are studied for flooding events within GIS framework. These subbasins are important catchment areas of city of Ankara with total drainage area of 1070 km2. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method is used to obtain flood hydrographs for 12 hour duration and 50, 100 and 500 year return periods. Flood routing procedure is applied to obtain discharges at the outlet of the Mogan and Eymir Lakes and Incesu Detention Pond. Operation performance of water control structures are tried to be estimated by using hydrographs which are obtained for different scenarios. Results show that elements of Lake Mogan Water Control Structure do not have capability to discharge 500 year storm safely to the downstream of the lake. However, 100 year storm can be routed without creating problem if necessary small precautions are taken. On the other hand, water control elements of Lake Eymir and Incesu Detention Pond can transmit obtained flood volumes to the downstream parts by assuming that closed conduit at the exit of Incesu Detention Pond can safely convey resultant flood discharges.

Low relief, heavily human-impacted landscapes like those of the Prairies in south-central Canada have received little attention in previous hydrological research. Here, the rainfall-runoff relationship in the context of both a field-based investigation and an empirical model is examined in an effort to provide insight into Prairie hydrology. Rainfall and water level data were collected for nested sub-watersheds of the Catfish Creek watershed, a 642 km2, near-level, mixed land use and engineered Prairie watershed. First, the dataset is examined for runoff controls. Second, the history of the United States Curve Number Method is reviewed and its initial abstraction ratio examined against collected field data to determine the applicability of a single, constant ratio to Prairie landscapes. Overall, the results indicate that Prairie runoff generation processes differ significantly from those of humid, pristine catchments of higher relief and a conceptual model is proposed with that regards.

No description available.