Samhället står inför stora klimatanpassningar på grund av den globala uppvärmningen som medför förödande konsekvenser för människa och miljö. En viktig medverkare i arbetet för klimatanpassningen är bank- och försäkringsaktörer som med hjälp av den erfarenhet de besitter kan bidra till samhällets klimatanpassning. Men för att företagen ska lyckas uppnå ett effektivt hållbarhetsarbete behöver en hållbarhetsstrategi formuleras, den strategin kan integreras och kommuniceras i verksamheten genom att styra medarbetarna mot de uppsatta målen via ett styrsystem mot hållbarhet, sustainability control system (SCS). Men forskning menar att de krävs ett aktivt deltagande från medarbetare för att skapa långsiktiga hållbarhetsstrategier i verksamheten, styrsystemet bör även vara utformat så medarbetares kunskap, engagemang och erfarenhet får komma till uttryck i systemutvecklingen. Det blev således intressant att utforma studiens syfte för att identifiera hur medarbetarnas kunskap, engagemang och erfarenhet används hos en bank- och försäkringsaktörs utvecklingsprocess mot hållbarhet samt förstå vilken betydelse egenskaperna har i processen. För att uppnå syftet har en kvalitativ fallstudie antagits, det empiriska materialet har insamlats genom dokumentstudie, observationer samt intervjuer där den teoretiska referensramen låg till grund för en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Vidare används en analysmodell för analysering av det empiriska materialet och besvara syfte och forskningsfrågor. Resultatet visar att kunskap är en grundläggande faktor för att uppnå en effektiv utvecklingsprocess mot SCS. Det finns kunskap och engagemang inom företaget som inte tas tillvara i hållbarhetsarbetet. Däremot finns en kultur som främjar diskussion, om den även styrs mot hållbarhetsarbetet möjliggör det för en utveckling av SCS i företaget där medarbetarna involveras.

The thesis is composed of two topics: A SOC design for one-time implantable spinal cord stimulation system ¡]SCS¡^, and the design of an inter-chip capacitance coupling circuit. In the first topic, the SOC design using wireless power and data transmission techniques for the SCS system is presented in this work. The proposed SOC can control 4 electrodes to generate different patterns of stimulation waves. It has multiple modes to drive whole the SCS system. Notably, the SOC contains a novel ASK demodulator which converts the ASK signals into digital signals reliably. The SOC is implemented using a typical 0.18-£gm 1P6M CMOS process. The chip area is only 1.71 * 1.41 mm2. Besides, the volume of the implantable SCS pulse generator utilizing this SOC is less than 24 cm3, and the power consumption is only 59.4 mW. In the second topic, a high-speed inter-chip capacitance coupling circuit is presented. Digital signals between two chips can be transceived through capacitive coupling of the proposed circuit. Notably, the transceivers are designed below the capacitors to attain the area reduction. It is an advanced application for high-speed wafer testing and 3D IC communication. A prototype chip is presented to achieve 2 Gbps on silicon using a typical 0.18 £gm 1P6M CMOS process. The chip area is 1045 ¡Ñ 894 £gm2. Besides, it only costs 21.47 mW in terms of power consumption. This capacitive coupling technique for high-speed digital circuit has great potential in the coming future.

The purposes of this study are to understand the surface water distributions and vertical profiles of Ra-226 in the northern South China Sea (SCS), and to estimate the mean residence time of Pb-210 based on the extent of radioactive disequilibrium relative to Ra-226. Seawater samples of 20-liter size were collected during four Ocean Researcher I (ORI) cruises conducted in 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 (Cruise 575 in March, Cruise 606 in April, Cruise 662 in October, and Cruise 688 in July) for Ra-226 measurements. Surface water Ra-226 in the study area varies between 10 and 16 dpm/100 kg with higher values at stations closer to the landmass of coastal China. The surface water Ra-226 distribution shows seasonal variation: the western Philippine Sea (WPS) surface water with low Ra-226 content enters the SCS and moves mainly northwestward in summer; this water shifts toward the center in autumn. Ra-226 profiles in the northern SCS generally show an increase from the surface toward the bottom, quite similar to that of the open ocean. However, Ra-226 is systematically higher in the northern SCS than in the western North Pacific above 1500m. This may be attributed to higher Ra-226 input from the vast area of the shelf and slope in the SCS. Below this depth, Ra-226 displays large variation in some of the profiles but the mean values are quite comparable to those of the western North Pacific at the corresponding depth. The deep water in the SCS basin probably derives its Ra from the underlying sediments similar to the case in open oceans. The Pb-210/Ra-226 activity ratio in the study area ranges between 1.4 and 2.7 in the surface water with higher values at the stations closer to the Luzon Strait due to lower Ra-226 over there. The excess Pb-210 over Ra-226 in the surface water due to atmospheric input may penetrate to a depth of about 200 to 500m. Below this depth, Pb-210 becomes deficient because it is scavenged and removed by settling particulates. Below 1000m, the Pb-210/Ra-226 activity ratio varies around 0.7 to 0.5. Box model calculations within a mixed layer of 50m in the area yield a mean residence time of about 1 yr for Pb-210 if an atmospheric Pb-210 flux of 1.05 dpm/cm2/y is adopted. The activity ratio of about 0.5 to 0.7 in the deep water corresponds to a Pb-210 mean residence time of about 30 to 70 yrs with respect to particulate scavenging. These values are quite comparable to those determined from the Pacific deep water, suggesting that Pb-210 in the SCS deep water is scavenged and removed by sinking particulates at a rate similar to that in the deep open oceans.

Submitted by Rodolfo Dias da Silva (rodspmelo@gmail.com) on 2016-12-03T00:22:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Rodolfo Dias da Silva.pdf: 9074986 bytes, checksum: 6ef2abab21510fcbed98b8d475dcd793 (MD5) / Rejected by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: No campo “Versão a ser disponibilizada online imediatamente” foi informado que seria disponibilizado o texto completo porém no campo “Data para a disponibilização do texto completo” foi informado que o texto completo deverá ser disponibilizado apenas 6 meses após a defesa. Caso opte pela disponibilização do texto completo apenas 6 meses após a defesa selecione no campo “Versão a ser disponibilizada online imediatamente” a opção “Texto parcial”. Esta opção é utilizada caso você tenha planos de publicar seu trabalho em periódicos científicos ou em formato de livro, por exemplo e fará com que apenas as páginas pré-textuais, introdução, considerações e referências sejam disponibilizadas. Se optar por disponibilizar o texto completo de seu trabalho imediatamente selecione no campo “Data para a disponibilização do texto completo” a opção “Não se aplica (texto completo)”. Isso fará com que seu trabalho seja disponibilizado na íntegra no Repositório Institucional UNESP. Por favor, corrija esta informação realizando uma nova submissão. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2016-12-06T13:22:58Z (GMT) / Submitted by Rodolfo Dias da Silva (rodspmelo@gmail.com) on 2016-12-07T00:54:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Rodolfo Dias da Silva.pdf: 9074986 bytes, checksum: 6ef2abab21510fcbed98b8d475dcd793 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-12-07T15:55:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_rd_me_rcla.pdf: 9074986 bytes, checksum: 6ef2abab21510fcbed98b8d475dcd793 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-07T15:55:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_rd_me_rcla.pdf: 9074986 bytes, checksum: 6ef2abab21510fcbed98b8d475dcd793 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A avaliação e dimensionamento das inundações é de grande importância para o planejamento dentro de bacias urbanas. No Brasil inundações representam quase 60% dos desastres registrados, seu crescimento deu-se fundamentalmente ao aumento do desenvolvimento urbano na segunda metade do século XX. Este processo pode ser observado em Americana (SP), que experimentou uma intensa urbanização a partir da década de 1970. Os efeitos do adensamento urbano (mapeados nos cenários de 1962, 1977, 1996, 2008 e 2016) podem ser observados no aumento do volume de escoamento superficial e no tempo e pico da descarga do Córrego do Parque, área central de Americana. No processo de investigação utilizou-se dados da caracterização granulométrica dos solos, uso da terra, precipitação, áreas de concentração de escoamento superficial dentre outros elementos que foram modelados através do software denominado IPHS1 que possui algoritmos que possibilitam a transformação chuva-vazão, por meio do modelo hidrológico Curva Número (CN). Os dados foram projetados em diversos tempos de retorno (5, 10, 20 e 50 anos), o que nos permitiu ter uma visão mais ampla dos fenômenos. Os resultados obtidos apontam que o incremento da impermeabilização entre o período de 1962 e 2016 promoveu o aumento do escoamento superficial e sobrecarga no sistema de escoamento, aumentando a intensidade de enchentes e inundações. / Evaluating and dimensioning floods have great importance for planning urban hydrographic basins. In Brazil, floods represent around 60% of all registered disasters, and it has grown essentially due to the increased urban development in the second half of the 20th century. This process can be verified in Americana (SP), which has experienced an intense urbanization since the 70’s.The urban densification effects (which were mapped in the 1962, 1977, 1996, 2008 and 2016 scenarios) can be verified on the increasing of the runoff volume and on time and peak of discharge of the Parque stream, central area of Americana. Information about the size of soil particles, land use, rainfall and runoff concentration areas were used in the research process, as well as other elements that were modeled using the software IPHS1, which has algorithms that provides the transformation of rainfall-flow rate, through the hydrological model Curve Number (CN). Data were estimated on several return times (5, 10, 20 and 50 years), what allows a wider view of the floods process. The results indicate that the increasing of soil sealing between 1962 and 2016 raised the runoff and the overload on the drainage system, increasing floods and flooding intensity.

nÃo hà / O trabalho apresenta um modelo hidrolÃgico inÃdito para a bacia hidrogrÃfica do rio Granjeiro (BHG), com uma Ãrea de contribuiÃÃo de 18,54 kmÂ, altitude variando de 399 a 953 metros acima do nÃvel do mar, localizada no municÃpio do Crato, regiÃo sul do estado do CearÃ, regiÃo de grande relevÃncia econÃmica no estado, destacando-se o comÃrcio e o turismo. O modelo foi desenvolvido utilizando o software HEC-HMS do Centro de Engenharia HidrolÃgico (CEIWR-HEC), do corpo de engenheiros do exercito dos Estados Unidos da AmÃrica (USACE). A metodologia utilizada foi composta por trÃs partes. A primeira parte tratou de extrair os dados geogrÃficos, fÃsicos e hidrolÃgicos, utilizando modelos digitais de elevaÃÃo, imagens de satÃlites e mapas temÃticos de caracterizaÃÃo territorial do estado do CearÃ, por meio do software ArcGIS e sua extensÃo HEC-GeoHMS, para exportÃ-los para o HEC-HMS. A segunda parte se concentrou na construÃÃo dos hietogramas, utilizando a equaÃÃo de chuva do municÃpio do Crato e o mÃtodo dos blocos alternados. E por fim, na terceira etapa foi simulado o escoamento superficial, provocado por chuvas com vÃrios tempos de retornos, tanto para o cenÃrio atual, quanto para vÃrios cenÃrios fictÃcios da BHG, utilizando o mÃtodo desenvolvido pelo ServiÃo de ConservaÃÃo do Solo (SCS) do Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos (USDA), conhecido como o modelo SCS. Verificou-se que as Sub-bacias SB4, SB5 e SB9 contribuem com 46% do escoamento total no exutÃrio, alÃm de um crescimento de ocupaÃÃo da BHG em 15%, praticamente dobrarà a probabilidade de cheias no canal do rio Granjeiro, enquanto a diminuiÃÃo desta ocupaÃÃo em 15%, praticamente reduz a possibilidade de cheias no canal do rio Granjeiro pela metade. Contudo, à importante frisar, que o modelo hidrolÃgico apresentado à o primeiro modelo elaborado para a BHG, dando aos gestores municipais do Crato a possibilidade de estudar a construÃÃo de obras hidrÃulicas para contenÃÃo das cheias, alÃm de implementaÃÃo de polÃticas pÃblicas de ocupaÃÃo das Ãreas em contidas na BHG, com o objetivo de reduzir as enchentes ocorridas no canal do rio Granjeiro. / The paper proposes a novel model for hydrological river basin Granjeiro (BHG), with a contribution area of 18.54 kmÂ, altitude ranging 399-953 meters above sea level, located in the county of Crato, southern the state of Cearà of great economic importance in the state, especially trade and tourism. The model was developed using the software HEC-HMS Hydrologic Engineering Center (CEIWR-HEC), the engineer corps of the army of the United States (USACE). The methodology used was composed of three parts. The first part dealt with data extraction geographic, physical and hydrological using digital elevation models, satellite images and thematic maps of territorial characterization of the state of CearÃ, through the ArcGIS software and its extension HEC-GeoHMS to export them for HEC-HMS. The second part focused on building the hietogramas, using the equation of rain Crato and the method of alternating blocks. And finally, the third step was simulated runoff caused by rain several times with returns, both for the current scenario, as for several fictional scenarios BHG, using the method developed by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Department of Agriculture (USDA), known as the SCS model. It was found that the sub-basins SB4, SB5 and SB9 contribute 46% of the total flow in river mouth, end an increase in occupancy of BHG 15%, nearly double the likelihood of flooding in the river channel Granjeiro, while this occupation decreased by 15 %, almost reduces the likelihood of flooding in the river channel Granjeiro by half. However, it is important to note that the hydrological model presented is the first model designed for BHG, giving municipal managers Crato the possibility to study the construction of hydraulic containment of floods, as well as implementation of policies of occupation of areas contained in BHG, with the goal of reducing the flooding that occurred in the river channel Granjeiro.

The purpose of this exploratory research was to investigate potential factors (i.e. gender, time lapse between the latest statistics class and completion of the statistics test, grade point average (GPA), attitude towards statistics), which are associated with the comprehension and retention of statistical knowledge in Baccalaureate Psychology students. The criterion variable was statistical competency, which was measured in five subdomains: basic concepts, descriptives, correlation/regression, hypothesis testing, and inferential statistics.

Several studies using standardized tests have provided evidence for the presence of language disorders in persons with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and have suggested that persons with MS may have language that is less complex. One aspect not thoroughly studied is that of syntactic complexity in naturalistic, conversational settings. The present study collected language samples from 10 adults with MS and 10 age-matched controls and compared scores on five quantitative measures derived from those samples. No significant differences were found between groups on any measure. This finding suggests that in mild cases of MS or during periods of remission, individuals may retain their ability to use complex language structures in naturalistic discourse.

Over the recent years, we have seen an immense increase in technology. Though the Internet can be convenient to students, it can also bear negative repercussions. Cyberbullying has impacted millions of people across the nation hindering them in many ways. The Bullying occurs through different outlets, from websites, emails to text messages. Victims cannot truly escape the matter because it follows them wherever they may go. The intent of this thesis was to see who the victims of cyberbullying are, what the aftermath effect is, and whether they notify an adult about their situation. Using data from the School Crime Supplement based on the National Crime Victimization Survey, the findings suggest that females are victims of cyber bullying more frequently than males and that adults are not commonly notified when victimization occurs. Furthermore, the repercussions of victimization include fear of harm or attack, as well as skipping classes to avoid the problem. By exploring cyberbullying and its effect, through time studies such as this one will raise awareness in society and contribute towards the solution of cyberbullying.

It is a known problem that a Spinal Cord Stimulator (SCS) can interact with an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) when both devices are implanted in the same patient. Interactions between the SCS and ICD can cause inappropriate therapy which can be harmful to the patient. While ICD devices have a distinct narrowband sensing bandwidth, the pulse configurations that current SCS devices deliver were not designed with this frequency region in mind. In this thesis, I recommend a new pulse configuration for SCS devices that will minimize the interaction between the two devices. I produce a theoretical equation for each pulse configuration in the frequency domain using the Laplace transform and present the results in Matlab. I also design my own SCS device to deliver multiple pulse configurations and use it to gather empirical data. The theoretical and empirical results are used to show the extent of the improvement between the new pulse and existing pulse configurations. The results prove that the new pulse configuration will significantly reduce crosstalk within the desired ICD bandwidth. A reduction in crosstalk will decrease the probability that an SCS will interact with a ICD device.

Research to determine the impact of PTA<SUB>SCS</SUB> on incidence of mastitis, daughter response to infection, and other measures of daughter performance was conducted using data on 1st, 2nd, and 3rd lactation Holsteins obtained from the Virginia Tech herd and from VA DHI herds. Overall correlation of PTA<SUB>SCS</SUB> to lactation average SCS ranged from 0.13 to 0.17 across all data sets. Correlations between PTA<SUB>SCS</SUB> and 1st lactation SCS measures were higher than those between PTA<SUB>SCS</SUB> and SCS in later parities, but higher correlations were found between 2nd and 3rd lactation SCS measures than between 1st and later parities. Correlation of lactation average SCS and incidence of clinical mastitis was 0.41. Regression of lactation average SCS and averages of test day SCS measures on PTA<SUB>SCS</SUB> was significant in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd lactations. All significant relationships were linear and equal or close to 1.0. Relationships between PTA<SUB>SCS</SUB> and number of cases of clinical mastitis (.79), number of treatments (2.0), number of days treated (7.0), changes in SCS from beginning to end of a lactation (-.26), and the slope of changes in test day SCS with DIM (5.9x10-4) were significant only in 1st lactation. No significant relationships between PTA<SUB>SCS</SUB> and measures of clinical mastitis or variation in test day SCS measures were found in 2nd or 3rd lactations. Heavy cull rates imposed on 1st lactation cows in the Virginia Tech herd explained lack of significance in the later parities in the herd study, but results in following analyses indicated that measures of SCS in 1st and later parities may be two different, but correlated, traits. The greatest impact of PTA<SUB>SCS</SUB> on measures of daughter performance and profit was the negative relationship between PTA<SUB>SCS</SUB> and herd life. Increased PTA<SUB>SCS</SUB> resulted in the decreased ability to survive involuntary culling, and thus decreased opportunity for lifetime yield and profit. Selection on PTA<SUB>SCS</SUB> should be an effective method of reducing incidence of clinical mastitis, lactation average SCS, and variation in SCS, or response to infection. The response, however, may be different in 1st lactation than in later parities. / Master of Science