<p>Recruiting Through Networks - Wage Premiums and Rewards to Recommenders</p><p>This paper examines the firm's use of recommenders in its recruiting process. In the model, recommenders possess personal information about the worker's ability and about the workplace. In view of this private information, the firm may reward recommenders for good recruiting, thus using recommenders as a screening device. In equilibrium the expected skill of a worker is higher if recruitment has occurred through a recommender rather than through the market, but there is no wage premium. Swedish survey data supports the absence of a wage premium for recommended workers. It has not been possible to test the expected skill or the firm's reward policy vis-à-vis the recommender.</p><p>Job Search by Immigrants in Sweden</p><p>This paper analyses the job search strategies of immigrants born outside Europe and compares these with the search strategies of the native population. The analysis uses unique Swedish data gathered during 1998. Two clear patterns can be traced in the empirical analysis: immigrants search more intensively than natives; also, the greater search intensity is a requisite for getting a job. Specifically, the first analysis shows that immigrants who got jobs were likely to have used networks or direct contact with employers to a greater extent than natives. Immigrants who got jobs had submitted more applications and spent more time on job search than natives, while those who did not get jobs had not spent more time on job search than natives. The fourth and last analysis looks at the number of methods used in job search. Immigrants who left unemployment had not used more methods than natives. On the other hand, immigrants who remained unemployed had used significantly more methods than natives, indicating that it is not necessarily productive to use too many methods.</p><p>Wage Effects of Search Methods for Immigrants and Natives in Sweden</p><p>Using unique cross-section survey data collected in 1998, this study examines whether successful job-search method differ between natives and immigrants from outside Europe, and whether there is a wage difference between the two groups associated with the search method used.</p><p>It is found that those individuals from outside Europe who got jobs did relatively better when using formal methods than when using informal ones.</p><p>Next, a wage analysis has been performed, which shows that there is an overall wage discount for those born outside Europe. The discount is larger when using informal methods rather than formal.</p><p>To explore this further the informal method measure is divided in two parts, one part for contacts through friends and family and the second for contacts with the employer. The penalty for immigrants from outside Europe using an informal method as a successive job-search device is partly explained by contact with the employer, suggesting that the penalty for using informal methods has been underestimated in previous studies.An attempt has also been made to control for the effect of unobservable characteristics on wages, but this did not have any significant impact.</p>

<p>E-commerce combines web technology with business economics. As of the last 10 years, online visibility for such online enterprises now heavily rely on the relationship between the own online sales platform and Search Engines for improved traffic consisting of presumable customers with the intent of acquiring products or services related to the customers’ needs. In 2008 an Internet behavioural analysis showed that over 90% percent of Swedish internet users make use of search engines at least once a week, stating that online visibility through the use of search engines now is a crucial business marketing aspect. To improve the relationship between online e-commercial platforms and search engines several applications exists within the technical field of Online Marketing – one being Search Engine Optimization (SEO),</p><p>As a subset of Online Marketing, SEO consists mainly of three subareas; Organic Search Engine Optimization (Organic SEO), Search Engine Marketing (SEM) and Social Media Optimization (SMO). The true nature of how Search Engines operate to crawl and index web contents are hidden behind business secrets owned by the individual search engines operating online, leaving SEO auditors and operators to systematically “try-and-error” test for optimal settings.</p><p>The first part of this thesis unfolds the SEO theory obtained from online sources, acclaimed literature and articles to discover settings in which SEO auditors and operator may use as tools to improve online visibility and accessibility on live websites to search engines. The second part sets on forming a theory driven work model (called the “PS Model”) to systematically work with SEO; structure for implementations and ways to measure the improvements.</p><p>Third part of the thesis evaluates the PS model using a case study where the model is implemented upon. The case study uses a website (in this thesis referred to as “BMG”) owned by a company active in the biotechnological research and development field situated in Sweden (in this thesis referred to as “BSG”), which at the start of January 2010 was in need of SEO improvements as the relationship between the search engine Google had somewhat stagnated leaving several vital documents outside of Google’s indexing and the relevancy between performed search quires and site-wide keywords had been lowered.</p><p>The focus of this thesis reside on bringing forth a work model taking in essential parts of SEO (Organic SEO, SEM and SMO), implementing it on the BMG platform to improve the website’s online visibility and accessibility to search engines (mainly focusing on Google), thus enhancing and solving the stagnated situation identified as such in January 2010 by the BMG site-owners – consequently validating the PS Model. In May 2010 it was shown that the PS model did improve site-wide indexing at Google and search queries containing the main set of keywords in use of BMG was improved in terms of relevancy (higher placing on search result pages).</p>

<p>All vårdpersonal och då också sjuksköterskan som omvårdnadsansvarig kommer förr eller senare i kontakt med människor som har allvarliga och ibland kroniska sjukdomar, t.ex. olika typer av cancer. Dessa patienter har ofta olika kunskapsnivåer om sin sjukdom och också olika behov av information.</p><p>Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva om det fanns någon skillnad på informationsbehov mellan unga och gamla, kvinnliga och manliga patienter med cancer och deras sätt att söka efter information. Resultatet bygger på 13 artiklar publicerade mellan 1998-2008 och funna i databaserna Pubmed/Medline och Cinahl. Studiens resultat visade att yngre och då framförallt yngre kvinnor, har ett stort informationsbehov och kompletterar och bekräftar gärna läkarens information med att söka alternativa källor. Den mest frekvent använda källan till information var utan konkurrens Internet. Äldre människor med cancer var oftast helt nöjda med att erhålla den mest väsentliga informationen om sjukdomen, och då alltid från sin läkare. Detaljer och mer ingående information om sjukdomen och eventuella behandlingar var inte av prioritet utan många av de äldre lämnade detta helt till sin läkare. Informationsteknologi kan vara en generationsfråga då många av de äldre cancerpatienterna har vare sig tillgång eller kunskap om datorer och då inte heller Internet<strong><strong></strong><p> </p><p> </p></strong></p><p><p> </p></p> / <p><p>All health-care personnel and then also the nurse that is responsible for the nursing care sooner or later comes in contact with people that has serious and sometimes chronic diseases, for example different types of cancer. These patients often have different knowledge levels about their disease and also various needs of information.</p></p><p><p><p>The aim of this literature review was to describe if there were any differences of needs for information between young and old, female and male patients with cancer and their ways to search for information. The result is based on 13 articles which were published from 1998 to 2008 and found in the databases Pubmed/Medline and Cinahl. The result of the study showed that younger and then above all younger women had a bigger need for information and complements and confirms gladly the doctor's information with applying for alternative sources. The most frequent used source to find information is without competition the Internet. Older people with cancer were most often entirely pleased with receiving the most important information about their disease from their doctor. Details and more detailed information about the disease and possible treatments was not off priority for many of the older, they left this entire to their doctor. Information technology can be a generation question as so many of the older cancer patients do not have access or knowledge about computers and then not to the Internet neither .</p><strong><strong><p> </p></strong><strong><p> </p></strong><p> </p></strong></p></p>

<p>This paper is a literature study on search engine optimization (SEO) considering the leader of the search engine market: Google. There´s an introductory background description of Google and its methods of  crawling the Internet and indexing the web pages, along with a brief review of the famous PageRank algorithm. The purpose of this paper is to describe the major important methods for improved rankings on Google´s result lists. These methods could be categorized as on-page methods tied to the website to be optimized or off-page methods that are external to the website such as link development. Furthermore the most common unethical methods are described, known as “black hat”, which is the secondary purpose of the text. The discussion that follows concerns the practical implications of SEO and personal reflections of the matter. Finally  there´s a quick view of the expanding market of handheld devices connected to the Internet and mobile search as an initial area of research.</p> / <p>Denna uppsats är en litteraturstudie om ämnet sökmotoroptimering (SEO) som behandlar ledaren bland sökmotorer: Google. Det finns en introducerande bakgrund som beskriver Google och dess metoder för ”crawling” och indexering av webbplatser, tillsammans med en kort genomgång av den  välkända  PageRank-algoritmen. Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva de centrala metoderna för förbättrad rankning i Googles träffresultat. Dessa metoder kan kategoriseras som ”on-page”-metoder, som är knutna till webbplatsen, eller ”off-page”-metoder, som är externa, exempelvis  länkförvärvning. Vidare kommer de vanligaste oetiska metoderna att beskrivas, kända som ”black hat”, som är det andra syftet med denna text. Diskussionen som följer behandlar de praktiska implikationerna av SEO och personliga reflektioner i frågan. Avslutningsvis  berör vi  den expanderade marknaden av handhållen utrustning med Internetuppkoppling och mobil sökning som ett kommande forskningsområde.</p>

To protect the environment and save human lives, the detection of various hazardous toxins of biological or chemical origin has been a major challenge to the researchers at Oregon State University. Living fish cells can indicate the presence of a wide range of toxins by reactions such as changing color and shape changes. A research team in Electrical and Computer Engineering Department is developing a hybrid detection device (Cytosensor) that combines biological reaction and digital technology. The functions of Cytosensor can be divided into three parts, which are real-time image acquisition, data processing and statistical data analysis. User-friendly Web-Based Distributed Applications (WBDA) for Cytosensor offer various utilities. WBDA allow the users to control and observe the local Cytosensor, search and retrieve data acquired by the sensor network, and process the acquired images remotely using only a web browser. Additionally, these applications minimize the user's exposure to dangerous chemicals or biological products. This thesis describes the design of a remote controller, system observer, remote processor, and search engine using JAVA applets, XML, Perl, MATLAB, and Peer-to-Peer models. Furthermore, the implementations of image segmentation technique in MATLAB and the Machine Vision Algorithm in JAVA for independent web-based processing are investigated. / Graduation date: 2003

The Web is apparently an ideal source of answers to a large variety of questions, due to the tremendous amount of information available online. This paper describes a Web-based question answering system LAMP, which is publicly accessible. A particular characteristic of this system is that it only takes advantage of the snippets in the search results returned by a search engine like Google. We think such “snippet-tolerant” property is important for an online question answering system to be practical, because it is time-consuming to download and analyze the original web documents. The performance of LAMP is comparable to the best state-of-the-art question answering systems. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

Most existing Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems support only title-based searches and are limited in functionality when compared to today’s search engines. In this paper, we present the design of a distributed P2P information sharing system that supports semantic-based content searches of relevant documents. First, we propose a general and extensible framework for searching similar documents in P2P network. The framework is based on the novel concept of Hierarchical Summary Structure. Second, based on the framework, we develop our efficient document searching system, by effectively summarizing and maintaining all documents within the network with different granularity. Finally, an experimental study is conducted on a real P2P prototype, and a large-scale network is further simulated. The results show the effectiveness, efficiency and scalability of the proposed system. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

The Weapon Target Assignment (WTA) problem is a fundamental problem arising in defense-related applications of operations research. This problem consists of optimally assigning n weapons to m targets so that the total expected survival value of the targets after all the engagements is minimum. The WTA problem can be formulated as a nonlinear integer programming problem and is known to be NP-complete. There do not exist any exact methods for the WTA problem which can solve even small size problems (for example, with 20 weapons and 20 targets). Though several heuristic methods have been proposed to solve the WTA problem, due to the absence of exact methods, no estimates are available on the quality of solutions produced by such heuristics. In this paper, we suggest linear programming, integer programming, and network flow based lower bounding methods using which we obtain several branch and bound algorithms for the WTA problem. We also propose a network flow based construction heuristic and a very large-scale neighborhood (VLSN) search algorithm. We present computational results of our algorithms which indicate that we can solve moderately large size instances (up to 80 weapons and 80 targets) of the WTA problem optimally and obtain almost optimal solutions of fairly large instances (up to 200 weapons and 200 targets) within a few seconds

Traditionally, the compilation of long-term timetables for high-density rail service with multiple classes of trains on the same track is a job for expert people, not computers. We propose an algorithm that uses the range-constriction search technique to schedule the timing and pass-through relations of trains smoothly and efficiently. The program determines how the timing of certain trains constrains the timing of others, finds possible time regions and pass-through relations and then evaluates the efficiency of train movement for each pass-through relation.

Lifting is a well known technique in resolution theorem proving, logic programming, and term rewriting. In this paper we formulate lifting as an efficiency-motivated program transformation applicable to a wide variety of nondeterministic procedures. This formulation allows the immediate lifting of complex procedures, such as the Davis-Putnam algorithm, which are otherwise difficult to lift. We treat both classical lifting, which is based on unification, and various closely related program transformations which we also call lifting transformations. These nonclassical lifting transformations are closely related to constraint techniques in logic programming, resolution, and term rewriting.