This thesis research examines second generation Canadians’ negotiations of racism and citizenship with the aim of understanding how the former influences the latter. Through questionnaires and focus group discussion, I examine how they understand their racialized experiences and how they believe those experiences are different from, or related to, those of their parents. In addition, I conducted focus groups with an equivalent number of white Canadians in order to observe how the experiences of second generation Canadians of colour differ from those of their white counterparts. The findings of this thesis show that the negotiations of citizenship and racism of second generation Canadians of colour are not only varied, but multidimensional. Focus group discussions reveal that although they experience a variety of forms of racism, participants maintain a relatively positive outlook on Canadian society. This is likely the outcome of processes of identification and rationalization that distinguish them from both their parents and their white counterparts. That their experiences and perceptions of racism are prone to paradox only adds to the necessity for in-depth study and analysis. Although the influences of racism on feelings of belonging in Canada differ, the majority of second generation Canadians of colour report strong attachments to the country. / Thesis (Master, Geography) -- Queen's University, 2008-09-26 16:04:43.57

This project examines narratives of transplanted identity-building and memory in European languages by second-generation non-European writers who choose to write their stories in European languages. The dissertation focuses on three books: La colline aux oliviers by Mehdi Lallaoui, a “Beur” (French Algerian) writer, White Teeth by British Caribbean Zadie Smith and Lipstick Jihad by Do-rageh/Iranian American Azadeh Moaveni. I argue that these three narratives use the language and memory sites of the host countries. They claim these as their own in order to recuperate events removed from historical memory by the violence of colonialism and the disruptive tide of exile and immigration. Because these children of immigrants are born and raised in the host country, they occupy a privileged position of being in-between that enables them to undertake reconciliatory mediation and assert the relevance of the colonized and imperialized experience for all its inheritors, both former colonizers and former colonized. Multiple choices eclipse the sense of dead end and rejection that characterizes literature of exile and colonization. To discuss these choices, I use Edward W. Said's concepts of filiation and affiliation. Filiation implicates the culture inherited from the parents of second-generation characters whereas affiliation points to the place of birth and upbringing. Filiation and affiliation can be seen as contradictory and antagonistic, however I choose to use these terms as complementary and reconciliatory. If previous scholars consider second-generation immigrant narratives to reproduce the sense of displacement and bitterness experienced by their parents, I propose to examine how concepts such as Maurice Halbwachs'collective memory nevertheless occupy a positive strength in the second-generation immigrant narratives where memory and reconciliation are reclaimed. / text

The present study makes use of several assumptions. It was considered that the cultural heritage of a group can be classified into two broad categories: the intrinsic culture, which includes the basic cultural traits and constitutes the core of a group's identity, and the extrinsic culture which includes the more peripheral traits. Assimilation takes place when the basic cultural traits are lost or substituted by others under conditions of culture contact. It was assumed that in order to understand the process of assimilation of a particular group of second-generation immigrants in a particular country, the basic cultural background of their parents must be taken into account. Further, it was assumed that the adults of the minority among whom the child is growing up must be placed into their historical context and their experiences as members of a particular time have to be taken into consideration. Finally, it was considered that unless the second-generation immigrants. are studies as members of a particular social network, the understanding of their course of assimilation will be incomplete. The group chosen for this research was the Ukrainian minority in Britain. Since the Ukrainians have been a minority nation in their own country without, however, losing their ethnic identity, some basic factors of their political and social history are provided as a possible explanation for this phenomenon. In addition, a summary of the social and psychological effects of the Second World War on the Ukrainian group is provided. Some of the basic social problems encountered by Ukrainians in their initial years in Britain, and their way of coping with them are described. The contemporary social structure and the distinctive Ukrainian way of organizing their ethnic life is discussed in detail. Particular attention is given to the institutions designed to promote the retention of ethnicity among young Ukrainians. Further, the extent to whtch second-generation Ukrainians adhere to their basic ethnic patterns of behaviour and the extent to which they identify themselves with their group, was stud~d inasample of children and adolescents. In addition, several hypotheses regarding the factors which promote the retention of ethnicity were tested. Among the factors found to be significantly associated with the retention of ethnicity are the following: absence of intermarriage with the natives, provision of an ethnically meaningful environment in the family, and organized ethnic education and recreation. Finally, parent-child relations, attitudes towards the ethnic group, and attitudes towards the majority were explored and studied in relation to the factors responsible for the retention of an ethnic identity.

The National Health Insurance (NHI) in Taiwan has implemented over ten years. It¡¦s always attention-getting when the govermnet changes some policy or insurance premium of NHI. This time, our government wants to make a bigger reform of NHI called ¡§second generation NHI¡¨ and it will make a bigger storm of our social. So this research compares the NHI with ¡§second generation NHI¡¨ not only to let us know what NHI in Taiwan is but also to give the government the references of NHI. This research will discuss insurance organization, insured object, insurance agent, insurance recompense, insurance Healing institute and insurance finance between NHI and ¡§second generation NHI¡¨ and it will point out what are good and bad of two NHIs to help the government to correct NHI. Finally, I find five problems of our NHI¡¦s development in the result of my research; they are problems of insurance finance, NHI Payment, waste of NHI expense, quality of cure and executive extent of NHI. Also, I suggest several parts of NHI: first, advance the health protection; second, manage the medicine strictly; third, improve the use of NHI IC card; fourth, public NHI¡¦s financial affairs; fifth, make a new NHI payment; sixth, assist the Healing institutes; seventh, establish the bureau of national social insurance and eighth, adhere to the original plan of NHI.

Although being regarded as a prominent representative by other countries, the current health insurance system of Taiwan is actually faced with fierce financial bankrupt crisis. A second-generation health insurance draft is proposed by the government in 2004 to improve this financial deficit. Nevertheless, it is still not accepted by the national Legislative Yuan due to political issues. According to the report of Department of Health, there are six major problems in the current health insurance system as following:1. financial unbalanced, 2. unfair insurance fee design, 3. lack of connection between revenue and expenditure, 4. disorganized allocation of medical resources, 5. fail to disclosure the medical information to the public and 6.unreasonable payment standard. The second generation health insurance adopts the strategy that the fee for one household is dependent on the family income. The adaptive system aims at increasing insurance revenue and pressing the subsidy arrears of local government. The ultimate goal is to replace the lump sum payment approach with the service-quality based payment scheme and to reduce the payment for unreasonable medicine price. By comparing the developing progress of health insurance systems in the United Kingdom, German, Canada and the United States, this study inspected the problems of the current and second generation health insurance systems in Taiwan. Several improvement alternatives accommodate the situation of Taiwan were proposed as well. We suggested that conjunctive utilization of the principle of user charge and the income-based household fee design should be applied to increase the revenue of health insurance while maintain social fairness. Adaptive law should be modified or legislated to provide legality for the administrators to press the subsidy arrears of local government. The price of expenditure for medical service could be based on the basis suggested by the union of doctors and pharmacists. But this payment should be re-examined by experts and disclosure to civilians in order to achieve an acceptable standard. The payment procedure should be carried out using internet payment systems to save administration expenditures as well as to improve the service quality and information disclosure of health insurance.

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This thesis looks at the stories of second-generation survivors of residential school. Storytelling is the methodology utilized in this research. The practice of Indigenous storytelling is a way to transfer knowledge to the younger generations. It is also a way to ensure history is not lost. Using a storytelling methodology is a healing method for the writer and the storyteller. A storytelling approach to methodology honours the words of the one sharing their story within this thesis. Included is an overview of the oppressive policies that forced Indigenous children to residential schools, how survivors of residential school were impacted with an overview of research on the intergenerational effects. The research identifies how these storytellers were impacted by their parents’ attendance at residential school and the themes are shared. / Graduate

Class of 2016 Abstract / Objectives: To determine if prescribers took into consideration patients’ metabolic risk factors when prescribing a low, medium or high risk second generation antipsychotic and if non-metabolic risk factors influenced prescribing. Methods: Adults 18 years or older who were admitted to an acute inpatient psychiatry unit and ordered at least one SGA were included in the study. Each patient’s metabolic syndrome risk score was determined using retrospective chart review and they were subsequently divided into low or high-risk groups. Clozapine and olanzapine were categorized as high risk for causing weight gain and diabetes, risperidone and quetiapine were moderate risk, and all others were considered low risk. A chi square test compared the two groups in regard to type of SGA selected, gender, and race, while an independent t-test analyzed the differences in age. Results: 300 patients were analyzed and divided into high (n=57) and low (n=253) risk groups. For the low risk group, 10.7%, 55.1%, and 34.2% were prescribed a low, moderate, or high risk SGA, respectively. For the high-risk group 17.5%, 56.1%, and 26.3% were prescribed a low, moderate, or high risk SGA, respectively. The type of SGA selected was not significantly different between the groups (p=0.262). Equivalence was shown between the two groups in terms of gender and race (p=0.68, p=0.65 respectively). Age was significantly different (p< 0.01). Conclusions: Prescribers may not consider metabolic risk factors when prescribing high risk SGAs such as clozapine and olanzapine.

Research on the unique challenges facing racialized and minority adolescent girls in Canada has prompted sport actors to develop tailored intervention strategies to address the disproportionately lower participation and retention rates of these subpopulations. However, much research has relied on unitary conceptualisations of participation barriers facing socially disadvantaged adolescent girls, which has produced “one-size-fits-all” policy and program solutions to address declining participation trends. Therefore, in my thesis research, I used intersectionality theory, a feminist participatory action research (FPAR) approach, and semi-structured interviews with 11 coordinators and coaches in the City of Ottawa’s Community Centre Basketball League (CCBL) to understand how they address the recruitment and participation of second-generation African Canadian adolescent girls in low-income Ottawa neighbourhoods. I then used Braun and Clarke’s (2019a) reflexive thematic analysis to better understand the facilitators and barriers to the recruitment and participation of these girls in the CCBL program. I identified four themes that inform the recruitment and participation of second-generation African Canadian adolescent girls in the CCBL: a) CCBL coordinators hire coaches who can relate to the program users through shared culture and/or lived-experiences; b) CCBL coaches use their identities and lived experiences to enhance their understanding of the program users; c) CCBL coaches and coordinators make efforts to build trust with and increase buy-in from parents to improve participation from program users; and d) CCBL coaches and coordinators make religious accommodations in response to the needs of Muslim and Christian program users. The findings from my research can be used to promote more inclusive and equitable community-based sport programs serving ethnoculturally diverse adolescent girls in Canada.

Immigrant businesses represent a very large percentage of SMEs in Canada. Significant attention has been given to the phenomenon of immigrant entrepreneurship and their economic contribution to developed countries. However, little is known about the social contributions of these immigrant entrepreneurs to the host country. While the values of immigrant entrepreneurs are rooted in their home culture, they continue to evolve their beliefs and values to integrate into the host country. Emerging literature also affirms that the behaviour of second generation is different from the first generation immigrants. It is known that immigrants’ small business social responsibility (SBSR) is influenced by their home context, but how the host country context influences the SBSR behaviour of different generations is rarely explored. The objective of this study is to understand how society and culture integrate to shape immigrant social responsibility behavior and contributions, with focus on comparing first and second generation. Drawing from mixed embeddedness approach and culture values lens, I theorize about the influence of home country culture and host country context on immigrants SBSR behaviour and the potential consequences of differences in embeddedness on their contributions to the host country. Drawing on 20 detailed semi-structured interviews, I find that irrespective of the differences in generation, immigrants SBSR contributions are influenced by their home culture, their network composition, and the extent to which they are embedded in the host county. At the theoretical level, the mixed embeddedness approach has been augmented by applying it in the field of SBSR. In addition, the study fills a gap by introducing second generation immigrant entrepreneurs’ in SBSR context.