This dissertation explores the role of social context in advertisement responses, specifically focusing on how the interaction between the social identities to which a person ascribes influence the manner in which they respond to advertisements. The first essay explores how social context and social identity influence perceptions of an advertisement's authenticity. A multi-method, four-study inquiry into perceptions of advertising authenticity combining depth interview, survey, and experimental techniques finds consumer perceptions of authenticity play a key role in attitudes toward advertisements. Findings show consumers naturally assess ads in terms of authenticity and that these perceptions are entwined with self-referencing. In addition, other-referencing is shown to also be linked to authenticity perceptions and ad liking. Finally, a boundary condition on the relationship between authenticity perceptions, self-referencing, and ad liking is discussed, where consumers' reflected appraisals of how they think others will view an advertisement moderates the relationship between self-referencing and attitude towards the ad.The second essay explores, using three experiments, the relationship between reflected appraisals, self-referencing, and ad liking in more detail. Specifically, this essay determines the conditions under which negative reflected appraisals do and not decrease attitude towards the ad. First, this essay shows that when identity and self-referencing are primed, consumers resist negative appraisals about an identity congruent advertisement such that negative appraisals do not decrease ad attitudes. This effect however, does not hold when the target market for an advertisement is external to the social identity and negative appraisals are attributed to out-group members. Here, consumers pay attention to the negative appraisals and decease their attitude toward the ad. This effect, referred to as the dirty laundry effect, occurs because consumers conceptualize identity congruent advertisements as a type of self-presentation. Thus, instead of engaging in defensive behaviors in the face of negative appraisals, consumers become concerned with how they think other people will view them based on the content of the advertisement.

A novel surface plasmon resonance sensor is fabricated to evaluate its use in biochemical sensing. The sensor can differentiate between bulk refractive index changes and surface binding reactions of interest. There has been a great interest in developing sensors to differentiate biological or chemical agents from interfering effects, but they still remain in research phase. In this work, a prism coupler is used to simultaneously excite both long and short range surface plasmon modes of the sensor. The differing sensitivities of the long and short range modes allow one to distinguish surface binding reactions of interest from refractive index fluctuations. In this thesis, we have demonstrated the sensors self referencing capability by detecting the formation of an octadecanethiol self assembled monolayer while varying solution refractive index.

Submitted by Natalia de Souza Gonçalves (natalia.goncalves@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-19T12:30:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissert_JoãoPaulo-BC.pdf: 1422487 bytes, checksum: 9069d6a5a3525f8e7bb21bf097ec921a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-19T12:30:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissert_JoãoPaulo-BC.pdf: 1422487 bytes, checksum: 9069d6a5a3525f8e7bb21bf097ec921a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-12 / CAPES / Estima-se que um texto subintitulado como "uma biografia"consista na exposição da vida de um indivíduo, centrada numa determinada época e lugar, registrando sua história desde o nascimento até a morte. A escritora inglesa Virginia Woolf, no percurso de sua carreira, refletiu acerca da questão biográfica, não tomando apenas a ficção como tela para isto: dilatara o tema em ensaios como The New Biography, de 1927, e The Art of Biography, de 1932. Orlando: a Biography, na verdade obra romanesca, é publicado no ano de 1928, entre as publicações desses dois ensaioschaves para este trabalho. Orlando, personagem central da narrativa, desliza sobre mais de três séculos de história e literatura: poeta, intenta alcançar sua obra-prima, The Oak Tree; num mesmo corpo e nome, passa de homem para mulher, chocandose com a letargia dos tempos vitorianos; vai de encontro aos pudores da época em relação a gênero e sexualidade; e sua história põe em evidência, para além da realidade biográfica de Woolf, a conotação dos próprios jogos em que a escrita literária se envolve. A metaliteratura é tida em sua natureza autorreflexiva, ou seja, é a literatura dobrando-se sobre si mesma, num vasto sistema de espelhamentos. A proposta deste trabalho, então, compreende a análise de Orlando: A Biography sob o ponto de vista metaliterário, cuja ordem toma a obra como recorte primeiro da apreensão teórica e crítica do estudo. Para tanto, intenta-se uma via de acesso às teorias da literatura e da ficção nos aportes epistemológicos de Roland Barthes (1979), Michel Foucault (2001), Linda Hutcheon (1991), Gustavo Bernardo (2010); e, ao pensar nos argumentos acerca das referências críticas da obra, os textos de Hermione Lee (1999), Quentin Bell (1972) Monique Nathan (1989) e Maud Manonni (1999) foram de extrema importância. / It is believed that a text subtitled as "a biography" consistis of the the portrayal of one's life centered in a given time place,relating facts which are proven to recall his or her lifetime from origin to death. Throughout her career, British writer Virginia Woolf has reflected upon the issue of biography not only in its representation in its representation in fiction:she has broadened the theme in essays as "The New Biography"(1927), and "The Art of Biography"(1932)."Orlando:a biography",actually a novel,takes place in the year of 1928, situated between the publication of the aforementioned essays which are key to this work.Once Orlando is bom,the narrative's main character slides along more than three centuries of history and literature: being a poet, he intends to accomplish his master piece,"The Oak Tree";under one name and inside one body, he goes from men to woman; is faced with the lethargy of Victorian times; confronts the prudishness of the time regarding gender and sexuality; in addition, his story reveals,beyond Woolf's biographical reality,the connotation of the games in which literary writing is engaged. Metaliterature is taken in its self-reflective nature, that is, literature revolving around itself in a vast system of mirroring. The aim of this work, then, engenders the analysis of this novel under the scope of metaliterature. Thus, we have attempted to approach the literary and fiction theories through the epistemological contributions of Roland Barthes (1979), Michel Foucault (2001), Linda Hutcheon (1991), Gustavo Bernardo (2010); moreover, regarding the criticism of Orlando, the works of Hermione Lee (1999), Quentin Bell (1972), Monique Nathan (1989) e Maud Manonni (1999) were of utmost importance.

This research systematically investigates the sleeper effect, a counterintuitive phenomenon in which attitudes toward a persuasive message increase in favourableness over time despite the presence of discounting information. The sleeper effect has rarely been researched since criticisms in the 1970s and 1980s concerning relevance and difficulty in demonstrating the effect. Shifts in the consumer environment, however, merit a re-examination of the effect. The paucity of research leaves major gaps in establishing the conditions for existence of the sleeper effect, understanding the underlying mechanisms of the effect, the context in which the sleeper effect may flourish, and other factors with the potential to influence the effect. Recent research suggests self-associations at encoding impacts information processing and attitude change. The research reported in this thesis builds on the latter to develop hypotheses to test the relationships between self-associations and attitudes toward positive and negative information over time. The study adopts a quantitative approach to test the hypotheses using a series of three experiments, each building on one another. The first experiment seeks to find the absolute sleeper effect, and accomplishes this aim. The second experiment investigates the role of implicit self-anchoring on attitudes toward positive and negative information over time, showing that self-anchoring influences self/product identity overlap rather than the transfer of meaning through elaborative associations. The third experiment compares implicit self-anchoring and explicit self-referencing on attitudes toward positive and negative information, and shows that explicit self-referencing produces the associations and dissociations necessary to find the sleeper effect. This study significantly contributes to understanding the sleeper effect, not only by providing evidence for its existence, but by clarifying the mechanisms at work in the sleeper effect process. It distinguishes implicit self-anchoring and explicit self-referencing, and defines two processes in which the self and object interact in memory to influence attitudes. From a practical perspective, it situates the research in the contemporary consumer context, in which positive and negative information regarding products and services is accessible to consumers online. This study demonstrates that negative information can be leveraged to produce positive attitudes.

The current research sought to clarify the diverging relationships between counterfactual thinking and hindsight bias observed in the literature thus far. In a non-legal context, Roese and Olson (1996) found a positive relationship between counterfactuals and hindsight bias, such that counterfactual mutations that undid the outcome also increased participants’ ratings of the outcome’s a priori likelihood. Further, they determined that this relationship is mediated by causal attributions about the counterfactually mutated antecedent event. Conversely, in the context of a civil lawsuit, Robbennolt and Sobus (1997) found that the relationship between counterfactual thinking and hindsight bias is negative. The current research sought to resolve the conflicting findings in the literature within a legal context. In Experiment One, the manipulation of the normality of the defendant’s target behavior, designed to manipulate participants’ counterfactual thoughts about said behavior, did moderate the hindsight effect of outcome knowledge on mock jurors’ judgments of the foreseeability of that outcome as well as their negligence verdicts. Although I predicted that counterfactual thinking would increase, or exacerbate, the hindsight bias, as found by Roese and Olson (1996), my results provided some support for Robbenolt and Sobus’s (1997) finding that counterfactual thinking decreases the hindsight bias. Behavior normality did not moderate the hindsight effect of outcome knowledge in Experiment Two, nor did causal proximity in Experiment Three. Additionally, my hypothesis that self-referencing may be an effective hindsight debiasing technique received little support across the three experiments. Although both the self-referencing instructions and self-report measure consistently decreased mock jurors’ likelihood of finding the defendant negligent, and self-referencing instructions decreased their foreseeability ratings in studies two and three, the self-referencing manipulation did not interact with outcome knowledge to moderate a hindsight bias effect on either foreseeability or negligence judgments. The consistent pattern of results across the three experiments, however, suggests that self-referencing may be an effective technique in reducing the likelihood of negligence verdicts.

O presente trabalho analisa as motivações, os alcances e os efeitos da paródia em alguns poemas de Pau Brasil (1925), de Oswald de Andrade. Inicio a dissertação com um painel constituído de reflexões acerca de algumas formas de arte contemporâneas a Pau Brasil, responsáveis por uma radical reestruturação no modo de conceber o texto literário, para, a seguir, situar a paródia entre essas práticas artísticas. Busco, assim, caracterizar a inserção de Oswald de Andrade e do modernismo brasileiro no viés paródico das vanguardas artístico-literárias europeias do início do século XX. É no contexto moderno da autorreferência e autolegitimação que a paródia se estabelece enquanto eficaz efeito metalinguístico e se mostra como profícuo mecanismo de investigação crítica acerca do processo de produção, recepção e (re)interpretação de textos (e de obras de arte em geral). Radical provocadora de mudanças de expectativas e de perspectivas, a paródia se articula com o projeto artístico moderno, possibilitando o questionamento de (pre)conceitos e uma (re)visão de determinados elementos artísticos e, consequentemente, dos papéis desempenhados por eles. A paródia serve de articulação entre arte e história e não se faz adequar a posturas idealizantes e/ou classizantes. A partir dessa conjuntura, a poética do movimento modernista brasileiro incluiu também, entre os preceitos da nova estética, uma aproximação crítica de obras do passado por meio do emprego da paródia. Ciente do seu passado e do seu presente, o projeto literário de Oswald de Andrade priorizou e incorporou parodicamente os discursos literário, histórico, político, religioso etc, através de uma aguda e conscienciosa reelaboração linguístico-literária. A paródia na obra de Oswald de Andrade, por um lado, faz jus à revolução estética que o movimento modernista trouxe à cultura brasileira e, por outro, torna possíveis ponderações acerca de inovações radicais no código literário brasileiro da primeira metade do século XX. Por meio da utilização paródica de textos históricos e literários em Pau Brasil e do uso de diferentes discursos e registros da língua portuguesa, Oswald de Andrade restaura a história e a literatura brasileira, da carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha à contemporaneidade do poeta. E ainda assinala, com saborosa argúcia, a diversidade e a disparidade socioeconômica do habitante nacional. / The present work examines the motivations, reaches, and effects of the parody of some poems from Oswald de Andrades Pau Brasil (1925). I start this dissertation with a panel composed of reflections about some art forms, contemporary to Pau Brasil, responsible for a radical restructuring in the way literary text is conceived, and I then place parody inside these artistic practices. I try, in this way, to characterize the insertion of Oswald de Andrade and of the Brazilian Modernism in the parodic bias of European artistic avant-gardes of the early 20th century. It is in the modern context of self-referencing and self-legitimation that parody establishes itself as an efficient metalinguistic effect, and that it shows itself as an useful mechanism of critical investigation about the process of production, reception and (re)interpretation of texts (and works of art in general). As a radical that provokes expectation and perspective changes, parody articulates itself with modern artistic project, allowing the questioning of concepts (and prejudices) and a (re)view of certain artistic elements and, consequently, of the roles played by them. Parody is used as an articulation between art and history, and it does not adjust itself to idealistic and/or classist positions. From this conjuncture, the poetics of the Modernist Brazilian movement also included, among other precepts of the new aesthetics, a critical approach to the works of the past through the use of parody. Aware of his past and of his present, Oswald de Andrades literary project prioritized and incorporated, parodically, the literary, historical, political, and religious speeches, among others, through an acute and conscientious linguistic and literary re-elaboration. Parody, in Oswald de Andrades work, both does justice to the aesthetic revolution brought to the Brazilian culture by the Modernist movement, and enables considerations about radical innovations in the early-20th-century Brazilian literary code. Through the parodic utilization of historical and literary texts in Pau Brasil, and through the use of different discourses and registers of the Portuguese language, Oswald de Andrade restores the Brazilian history and literature, from Pero Vaz de Caminhas letter to the poets contemporaneity. He also notes, with pleasant subtlety, the diversity and socio-economic disparity of the national inhabitant.

O presente trabalho analisa as motivações, os alcances e os efeitos da paródia em alguns poemas de Pau Brasil (1925), de Oswald de Andrade. Inicio a dissertação com um painel constituído de reflexões acerca de algumas formas de arte contemporâneas a Pau Brasil, responsáveis por uma radical reestruturação no modo de conceber o texto literário, para, a seguir, situar a paródia entre essas práticas artísticas. Busco, assim, caracterizar a inserção de Oswald de Andrade e do modernismo brasileiro no viés paródico das vanguardas artístico-literárias europeias do início do século XX. É no contexto moderno da autorreferência e autolegitimação que a paródia se estabelece enquanto eficaz efeito metalinguístico e se mostra como profícuo mecanismo de investigação crítica acerca do processo de produção, recepção e (re)interpretação de textos (e de obras de arte em geral). Radical provocadora de mudanças de expectativas e de perspectivas, a paródia se articula com o projeto artístico moderno, possibilitando o questionamento de (pre)conceitos e uma (re)visão de determinados elementos artísticos e, consequentemente, dos papéis desempenhados por eles. A paródia serve de articulação entre arte e história e não se faz adequar a posturas idealizantes e/ou classizantes. A partir dessa conjuntura, a poética do movimento modernista brasileiro incluiu também, entre os preceitos da nova estética, uma aproximação crítica de obras do passado por meio do emprego da paródia. Ciente do seu passado e do seu presente, o projeto literário de Oswald de Andrade priorizou e incorporou parodicamente os discursos literário, histórico, político, religioso etc, através de uma aguda e conscienciosa reelaboração linguístico-literária. A paródia na obra de Oswald de Andrade, por um lado, faz jus à revolução estética que o movimento modernista trouxe à cultura brasileira e, por outro, torna possíveis ponderações acerca de inovações radicais no código literário brasileiro da primeira metade do século XX. Por meio da utilização paródica de textos históricos e literários em Pau Brasil e do uso de diferentes discursos e registros da língua portuguesa, Oswald de Andrade restaura a história e a literatura brasileira, da carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha à contemporaneidade do poeta. E ainda assinala, com saborosa argúcia, a diversidade e a disparidade socioeconômica do habitante nacional. / The present work examines the motivations, reaches, and effects of the parody of some poems from Oswald de Andrades Pau Brasil (1925). I start this dissertation with a panel composed of reflections about some art forms, contemporary to Pau Brasil, responsible for a radical restructuring in the way literary text is conceived, and I then place parody inside these artistic practices. I try, in this way, to characterize the insertion of Oswald de Andrade and of the Brazilian Modernism in the parodic bias of European artistic avant-gardes of the early 20th century. It is in the modern context of self-referencing and self-legitimation that parody establishes itself as an efficient metalinguistic effect, and that it shows itself as an useful mechanism of critical investigation about the process of production, reception and (re)interpretation of texts (and works of art in general). As a radical that provokes expectation and perspective changes, parody articulates itself with modern artistic project, allowing the questioning of concepts (and prejudices) and a (re)view of certain artistic elements and, consequently, of the roles played by them. Parody is used as an articulation between art and history, and it does not adjust itself to idealistic and/or classist positions. From this conjuncture, the poetics of the Modernist Brazilian movement also included, among other precepts of the new aesthetics, a critical approach to the works of the past through the use of parody. Aware of his past and of his present, Oswald de Andrades literary project prioritized and incorporated, parodically, the literary, historical, political, and religious speeches, among others, through an acute and conscientious linguistic and literary re-elaboration. Parody, in Oswald de Andrades work, both does justice to the aesthetic revolution brought to the Brazilian culture by the Modernist movement, and enables considerations about radical innovations in the early-20th-century Brazilian literary code. Through the parodic utilization of historical and literary texts in Pau Brasil, and through the use of different discourses and registers of the Portuguese language, Oswald de Andrade restores the Brazilian history and literature, from Pero Vaz de Caminhas letter to the poets contemporaneity. He also notes, with pleasant subtlety, the diversity and socio-economic disparity of the national inhabitant.