In South Africa, the unsustainable use of natural resources by domestic livestock has led to resource depletion and serious land degradation. Rangeland degradation, especially bush encroachment and soil erosion, is particularly acute in the North-West Province, where all districts show signs of desertification and a loss of biodiversity resulting in a deterioration of human and animal health. This has a major impact on livestock productivity and the economic viability of livestock farming with serious consequences for the livelihoods of pastoral communities. It is important to recognise ecological change before irreversible changes occur. The aim of this study, which falls within the Global Environmental Facility Desert Margins Programme (GEF-DMP), was to investigate to what extent vegetation in combination with ant communities can be used as indicators of ecosystem change due to anthropogenic human induced land-use patterns and how can this information be used in land degradation management and biodiversity conservation in the semi-arid western rangelands of Southern Africa. Sites, representing a degradation gradient (relative poor and relative good rangeland condition extremes) within each of three Tribal-, three Commercial- and three Reserve areas, were surveyed. The impacts of these land uses on the herbaceous species composition, woody-, soil- and ant components were evaluated. Both the woody and herbaceous species components reflected the existence of a rangeland condition/degradation gradient across the larger study area. The herbaceous species composition reflected similar degradation tendencies within the Commercial and Reserve land uses, with sites being associated with low rangeland as well as high rangeland condition scores. The tendencies differed between these two land uses based on the woody degradation gradient. The entire Tribal herbaceous- and woody species components showed a transitional shift towards another state, which differed significantly from the Commercial and Reserve land uses. Both the Tribal herbaceous and woody components were associated with low to intermediate rangeland condition ranges, with no significant rangeland condition gradient existing within the Tribal land use. Understanding and quantification of the soil-vegetation dynamics hold important implications for rangeland degradation management. This study provided criteria for selecting the most appropriate measures when incorporating the soil parameters as additive data in the multivariate analyses with the vegetation, ant and nominal environmental data. Different land use practices resulted in different soil patterns, with significant gradients pertaining to the soil stratum and openness/woodiness groups. There was a significant though neglectable difference pertaining to the rangeland condition/degradation gradient based on the soil component. Ants have been extensively used as bio-indicators, also with regard to the monitoring of the environmental effects of rangeland pastoralism. Ant species compositional patterns and functional groups displayed congruent clustering and diversity patterns as those of the vegetation and soil components. In contrast to the vegetation components, ant assemblages did not reflect a degradation gradient, but rather reflected environmental changes (modifications) to the habitat structure and - heterogeneity as a result of different land use disturbances. Both vegetation and ant diversity measures were mainly associated with the Tribal land use. These diversity indices were indicators of habitat complexity, heterogeneity and moderate disturbance, rather than indicators of a rangeland condition/degradation gradient. The diversity patterns are best described by a dichotomy between the humped-shaped productivity/diversity and the habitat complexity/heterogeneity models. Vegetation and ant diversity measures for this study should be considered as environmental indicators of habitat disturbance rather than as biodiversity indicators. It is suggested that vegetation, soil and ant patterns are best described by the state-and-transition model, which encompasses both equilibrium and non-equilibrium systems. The resilient nature of these rangelands, typical of non-equilibrium systems, was reflected by the low to intermediate differences between land uses with regard to the herbaceous, woody, soil and ant components. However, densitydependent coupling of herbivores to key resources resulted in transitional shifts and modification of the vegetation composition and structure within and between land uses, displaying the equilibrium dynamics pertaining to these rangelands. Small disturbances in these rangelands may result in detrimental “snowball” interactive biotic-biotic /abiotic cascades. Spatial heterogeneous patterns within and between land uses as displayed by the vegetation, soil and ant parameters, necessitate that monitoring and management at patch, paddock and landscape scale should be conducted, cautioning against the extrapolation and over simplification of management strategies across all land uses. Because these arid rangelands are linked socio-ecological systems, it is not possible to address biophysical issues associated with land degradation without including the human dimensions. A “Key assessment matrix” is provided for monitoring and management purposes pertaining to land degradation and diversity aspects within and between the different land uses, and can be used by the land user, extension officer and scientist. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Botany))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

In South Africa, the unsustainable use of natural resources by domestic livestock has led to resource depletion and serious land degradation. Rangeland degradation, especially bush encroachment and soil erosion, is particularly acute in the North-West Province, where all districts show signs of desertification and a loss of biodiversity resulting in a deterioration of human and animal health. This has a major impact on livestock productivity and the economic viability of livestock farming with serious consequences for the livelihoods of pastoral communities. It is important to recognise ecological change before irreversible changes occur. The aim of this study, which falls within the Global Environmental Facility Desert Margins Programme (GEF-DMP), was to investigate to what extent vegetation in combination with ant communities can be used as indicators of ecosystem change due to anthropogenic human induced land-use patterns and how can this information be used in land degradation management and biodiversity conservation in the semi-arid western rangelands of Southern Africa. Sites, representing a degradation gradient (relative poor and relative good rangeland condition extremes) within each of three Tribal-, three Commercial- and three Reserve areas, were surveyed. The impacts of these land uses on the herbaceous species composition, woody-, soil- and ant components were evaluated. Both the woody and herbaceous species components reflected the existence of a rangeland condition/degradation gradient across the larger study area. The herbaceous species composition reflected similar degradation tendencies within the Commercial and Reserve land uses, with sites being associated with low rangeland as well as high rangeland condition scores. The tendencies differed between these two land uses based on the woody degradation gradient. The entire Tribal herbaceous- and woody species components showed a transitional shift towards another state, which differed significantly from the Commercial and Reserve land uses. Both the Tribal herbaceous and woody components were associated with low to intermediate rangeland condition ranges, with no significant rangeland condition gradient existing within the Tribal land use. Understanding and quantification of the soil-vegetation dynamics hold important implications for rangeland degradation management. This study provided criteria for selecting the most appropriate measures when incorporating the soil parameters as additive data in the multivariate analyses with the vegetation, ant and nominal environmental data. Different land use practices resulted in different soil patterns, with significant gradients pertaining to the soil stratum and openness/woodiness groups. There was a significant though neglectable difference pertaining to the rangeland condition/degradation gradient based on the soil component. Ants have been extensively used as bio-indicators, also with regard to the monitoring of the environmental effects of rangeland pastoralism. Ant species compositional patterns and functional groups displayed congruent clustering and diversity patterns as those of the vegetation and soil components. In contrast to the vegetation components, ant assemblages did not reflect a degradation gradient, but rather reflected environmental changes (modifications) to the habitat structure and - heterogeneity as a result of different land use disturbances. Both vegetation and ant diversity measures were mainly associated with the Tribal land use. These diversity indices were indicators of habitat complexity, heterogeneity and moderate disturbance, rather than indicators of a rangeland condition/degradation gradient. The diversity patterns are best described by a dichotomy between the humped-shaped productivity/diversity and the habitat complexity/heterogeneity models. Vegetation and ant diversity measures for this study should be considered as environmental indicators of habitat disturbance rather than as biodiversity indicators. It is suggested that vegetation, soil and ant patterns are best described by the state-and-transition model, which encompasses both equilibrium and non-equilibrium systems. The resilient nature of these rangelands, typical of non-equilibrium systems, was reflected by the low to intermediate differences between land uses with regard to the herbaceous, woody, soil and ant components. However, densitydependent coupling of herbivores to key resources resulted in transitional shifts and modification of the vegetation composition and structure within and between land uses, displaying the equilibrium dynamics pertaining to these rangelands. Small disturbances in these rangelands may result in detrimental “snowball” interactive biotic-biotic /abiotic cascades. Spatial heterogeneous patterns within and between land uses as displayed by the vegetation, soil and ant parameters, necessitate that monitoring and management at patch, paddock and landscape scale should be conducted, cautioning against the extrapolation and over simplification of management strategies across all land uses. Because these arid rangelands are linked socio-ecological systems, it is not possible to address biophysical issues associated with land degradation without including the human dimensions. A “Key assessment matrix” is provided for monitoring and management purposes pertaining to land degradation and diversity aspects within and between the different land uses, and can be used by the land user, extension officer and scientist. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Botany))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

This research aims to develop the present knowledge of arid zone rehabilitation by scientifically testing topsoiling and seeding treatments on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, in a way that enables the widest application and comparison to other mining leases throughout the arid lands.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / The records of environmental change in Australia’s arid zone can be greatly enriched by employing a multi-proxy approach and landscape-scale analysis. This research uses these tools to construct a palaeoenvironmental history of the Paroo/Warrego Region. While the Region’s flow regimes and water balances are characterised by medium-term (decadal) variability (Young, 1999), its hydrological records are inadequately brief. Subsequently, land and water management decisions are based on short term data, risking irreversible damage, desertification or loss of diversity. A better understanding of this highly dynamic landscape can thus improve the land and resource management outcomes. While dating was constrained by a lack of funds, the Paroo/Warrego history reconstructed from fluvial and aeolian deposits correlated well with events recorded from other inland regions of the Australian continent. In summary, this new research provided evidence of high lake water levels prior to the Last Glacial. The extreme aridity at the onset of Last Glacial caused long term drying of the lakes and mobilisation of the red sand dunes. In latter stages of the glacial phase the aridity gave way to periodic fluctuations between flood and drought events that probably lasted until 16 000 - 14 000 BP. The new climatic regime resulted in formation of gypsum lunettes and later, following reduction in gypsum supply, clay lunettes. The orientation of red sand dunes and lunettes indicates a more northerly extent of the westerlies than in modern times. Around the late Pleistocene-early Holocene boundary the climate became more stable and wetter, but still somewhat drier than during the pre-Last Glacial lacustrine phase. As a result, the region’s lakes reverted to a permanent and semi-permanent status. A strong aridity signal, comparable to the semi-regular droughts of the Last Glacial, was recorded in the Paroo/Warrego lakes during the late 1890s-1940s period of below average rainfall. It was followed by 50 years of wetter conditions with two extremely wet phases in the 1950s and the 1970s. Finally, the most recent records suggest a new drying trend. The semi-arid vegetation appears to have adapted to climate variability, with herbs and grasses expanding with the onset of wet conditions before being replaced by Chenopodiaceae as the landscape started to dry. The fresher lake basins and water courses were likely to provide refuge during prolonged arid phases and dispersal foci during intervening wetter periods, thus enabling greater flexibility in response to changes and enhancing resilience. The European land use interfered with the natural cycles and balances, leading to decrease in ground cover, suppression of fire, increase in runoff and catchment erosion, acceleration of sediment accumulation rates in wetlands, resulting in decline of their water holding capacity, and expansion of woody vegetation. The research improved the processing protocols, reference databases, and transfer of methods to enable greater sample processing efficiency and improve results. The use of multiple proxies (including biotic and abiotic components) and sites, as well as different depositional features, provided access to a broader picture of environmental change than was previously possible. It also facilitated multi-scale resolution, allowing discrimination between localised responses of individual lakes and regional trends. The full value of this research will come from informing natural resource managers, whose actions will shape the future landscapes of the Paroo and Warrego Region.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / The records of environmental change in Australia’s arid zone can be greatly enriched by employing a multi-proxy approach and landscape-scale analysis. This research uses these tools to construct a palaeoenvironmental history of the Paroo/Warrego Region. While the Region’s flow regimes and water balances are characterised by medium-term (decadal) variability (Young, 1999), its hydrological records are inadequately brief. Subsequently, land and water management decisions are based on short term data, risking irreversible damage, desertification or loss of diversity. A better understanding of this highly dynamic landscape can thus improve the land and resource management outcomes. While dating was constrained by a lack of funds, the Paroo/Warrego history reconstructed from fluvial and aeolian deposits correlated well with events recorded from other inland regions of the Australian continent. In summary, this new research provided evidence of high lake water levels prior to the Last Glacial. The extreme aridity at the onset of Last Glacial caused long term drying of the lakes and mobilisation of the red sand dunes. In latter stages of the glacial phase the aridity gave way to periodic fluctuations between flood and drought events that probably lasted until 16 000 - 14 000 BP. The new climatic regime resulted in formation of gypsum lunettes and later, following reduction in gypsum supply, clay lunettes. The orientation of red sand dunes and lunettes indicates a more northerly extent of the westerlies than in modern times. Around the late Pleistocene-early Holocene boundary the climate became more stable and wetter, but still somewhat drier than during the pre-Last Glacial lacustrine phase. As a result, the region’s lakes reverted to a permanent and semi-permanent status. A strong aridity signal, comparable to the semi-regular droughts of the Last Glacial, was recorded in the Paroo/Warrego lakes during the late 1890s-1940s period of below average rainfall. It was followed by 50 years of wetter conditions with two extremely wet phases in the 1950s and the 1970s. Finally, the most recent records suggest a new drying trend. The semi-arid vegetation appears to have adapted to climate variability, with herbs and grasses expanding with the onset of wet conditions before being replaced by Chenopodiaceae as the landscape started to dry. The fresher lake basins and water courses were likely to provide refuge during prolonged arid phases and dispersal foci during intervening wetter periods, thus enabling greater flexibility in response to changes and enhancing resilience. The European land use interfered with the natural cycles and balances, leading to decrease in ground cover, suppression of fire, increase in runoff and catchment erosion, acceleration of sediment accumulation rates in wetlands, resulting in decline of their water holding capacity, and expansion of woody vegetation. The research improved the processing protocols, reference databases, and transfer of methods to enable greater sample processing efficiency and improve results. The use of multiple proxies (including biotic and abiotic components) and sites, as well as different depositional features, provided access to a broader picture of environmental change than was previously possible. It also facilitated multi-scale resolution, allowing discrimination between localised responses of individual lakes and regional trends. The full value of this research will come from informing natural resource managers, whose actions will shape the future landscapes of the Paroo and Warrego Region.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:46:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RobertaBMF.pdf: 769934 bytes, checksum: 0b7e248b4cbdbf6b8de1a0b40b47af1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-02 / Brazil s semi-arid region is an immense territory characterized by a mosaic of natural environments and human settlements. Inside this multifaceted framework, there are problems that are specific to the region (the water resources situation, for example) while others are more universal (such as the inequality between men and women). The circumstances that give rise to these problems are complex and require a holistic view so that our understanding can go beyond the simple concept that this is a problem region . The semi-arid must be perceived as a viable area in need of a new analysis, taking into account its successes, limitations, challenges and the strategic public policy framework that guarantees its sustainable development. The dissertation analyzes, from a sustainable local development perspective, the experience of the Northeastern Brazil Groundwater Project (PROASNE), carried out from 2001 to 2003, in partnership with the Waters and Sewers Company of Rio Grande do Norte (CAERN) in the rural community of Mirandas, municipality of Cara?bas/RN, situated in the middle of the northeastern Brazil semi-arid region / O semi-?rido brasileiro ? um imenso territ?rio, correspondendo a um verdadeiro mosaico de ambientes naturais e agrupamentos humanos. Dentro desse quadro bastante diversificado encontram-se problem?ticas pr?prias ? regi?o (a quest?o h?drica, por exemplo) e, outras, universais (a desigualdade entre homens e mulheres). A problem?tica ? intrincada e necessita de uma vis?o de totalidade para uma compreens?o que ultrapasse o senso comum que a considera regi?o problema, e perceba o semi-?rido como espa?o de viabilidade para onde devem convergir novas an?lises sobre a mesma, suas conquistas, limites, desafios e pol?ticas p?blicas estrat?gicas que garantam o desenvolvimento sustent?vel. A disserta??o analisa a experi?ncia do Projeto de ?guas Subterr?neas no Nordeste do Brasil (PROASNE) em parceria com a Companhia de ?guas e Esgotos do Rio Grande do Norte (CAERN) na comunidade rural de Mirandas, munic?pio de Cara?bas/RN, em pleno semi-?rido nordestino, no per?odo de 2001-2003 sob a perspectiva de desenvolvimento local sustent?vel

abstract: This thesis explores the independent effects of the manipulation of rocks into alignments, prehistoric farming, and season on soil properties in two areas with a history of prehistoric agriculture in central Arizona, Pueblo la Plata within the Agua Fria National Monument (AFNM), and an archaeological site north of the Phoenix basin along Cave Creek (CC). Soil properties, annual herbaceous biomass and the physical properties of alignments and surface soils were measured and compared across the landscape, specifically on: 1) agricultural rock alignments that were near the archaeological site 2) geologically formed rock alignments that were located 0.5-1 km away from settlements; and 3) areas both near and far from settlements where rock alignments were absent. At AFNM, relatively well-built rock alignments have altered soil properties and processes while less-intact alignments at CC have left few legacies. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Biology 2011

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-19T17:18:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ENÉAS DANTAS DA SILVA NETO - TESE (PPGRN) 2018.pdf: 5004064 bytes, checksum: c5ec302f3f9da864beb016f56874938a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-19T17:18:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ENÉAS DANTAS DA SILVA NETO - TESE (PPGRN) 2018.pdf: 5004064 bytes, checksum: c5ec302f3f9da864beb016f56874938a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-29 / CNPq / Apesar de ter se passado mais de quatro décadas após o início efetivo das discussões em torno do desenvolvimento sustentável, muitos países ainda enfrentam graves problemas relacionados ao meio ambiente e principalmente em relação aos recursos hídricos. De fato, o crescente processo de degradação ambiental, assim como as diretrizes estabelecidas pela Lei 9.433/97 tem instituído a obrigatoriedade e impulsionado a criação de sistemas de outorga de direito e cobrança pelo uso de recursos hídricos, visando uma maior eficiência na utilização dos recursos hídricos no Brasil. A cobrança pelo uso, enquanto um dos instrumentos de gestão da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos (PNRH), passou a ser um dos principais mecanismos utilizado pelos estados federativos para gerir seus recursos hídricos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo da pesquisa foi desenvolver um modelo de cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos capaz de induzir o uso mais racional da água através de maior objetividade, completeza, parcimônia e transparência dos processos envolvidos em sistemas de recursos hídricos controlados por reservatórios. No Brasil, a gestão dos recursos hídricos tem seu aparato legal e institucional, como principal elemento regulatório, amparado pela Lei 9.433/97, que é a base da PNRH do Sistema Nacional de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos (SNGRH). De acordo com a Lei 9.433/97, serão cobrados os recursos hídricos que foram submetidos ao processo de outorga, conforme as diretrizes estabelecidas. Neste sentido, tendo como base os modelos ora existentes, avançou-se na implementação de novos processos em um modelo de cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos superficiais em sistemas controlados por reservatórios. Dentre as características pretendidas e incorporadas ao modelo, destaca-se sua capacidade de inter-relacionar os conceitos de outorga e a cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos com escopo voltado para a indução do uso racional. Além disso, foi incluído outros aspectos possíveis e operacionalmente viáveis que possam existir em qualquer sistema de recursos hídricos controlado por reservatórios. A forma como o mesmo foi idealizado permite a sua perfeita adequação, implantação e operação, principalmente, em relação a bacias hidrográficas da região semiárida brasileira. Como estudo de caso, a região constituída da Unidade de Planejamento do Alto Piranhas (UPHAP), na Bacia Hidrográfica dos Rios Piancó-Piranhas-Açu, que contempla dois reservatórios interdependentes (Engenheiro Ávidos e São Gonçalo), foi utilizada. Tal característica foi de fundamental importância para a construção e validação do modelo de cobrança pelo uso da água vinculado aos limites de vazão concedidos pela outorga de direito de uso dos recursos hídricos. A partir dos dados obtidos, foi analisado, de forma integrada via modelo de otimização, as vazões fornecidas pelo sistema para o atendimento das outorgas, os volumes dos reservatórios, bem como as vazões no trecho do rio entre os dois reservatórios. Realizou-se quatro otimizações vii da operação do sistema assumindo dois cenários possíveis: envolvendo ou não a transposição do Rio São Francisco. Para cada um destes cenários duas situações distintas foram admitidas: demandas com ou sem medição de vazão. O ensaio demostrou: 1. Que os valores cobrados pelo metro cúbico de água são compatíveis com a realidade local e nacional; 2. Possibilidade de incitar, através do modelo, o uso racional da água; inibindo usos ineficientes da água, prática de reservas de água, via outorga, e potenciais captações extras de água por parte dos usuários; 3. A capacidade de adequação do modelo a diversas realidades e cenários, principalmente em se tratando da região semiárida; 4. Que o modelo de cobrança proposto pode ser aplicado em qualquer bacia hidrográfica, sendo possível redimensionar os valores dos parâmetros utilizados através de um processo mais participativo e democrático no âmbito do comitê de bacia; e 5. A parcimônia e eficiência do modelo. / Despite the fact that more than four decades have passed since the actual start of discussions on sustainable development, many countries still face serious problems related to the environment and especially to water resources. In fact, the growing process of environmental degradation, as well as the guidelines established by Law 9.433/97, has established mandatory and driven the creation of systems of law grant and charging for the use of water resources, aiming at a greater efficiency in the use of resources water resources in Brazil. The charging for the use, while one of the management tools of the National Water Resources Policy (PNRH), has become one of the main mechanisms used by the federative states to manage their water resources. In this sense, the goal of this research was to develop a charging model for the water resources use capable of inducing a more rational water use through greater objectivity, completeness, parsimony and transparency of the processes involved in water resource systems controlled by reservoirs. In Brazil, water management has your legal and institutional apparatus, as main regulatory element, supported by the Law 9,433/97, which is the basis of the PNRH of the National System of Water Resources Management (SNGRH). According to the Law 9,433/97, water resources that were submitted to the granting process will be charged, in accordance with the established guidelines. In this sense, based on the existing models, progress has been made in the implementation of new processes in a water charging model for the use of surface water resources in systems controlled by reservoirs. Among the characteristics intended and incorporated into the model, it’s worth to point out the interrelation between water resources granting and charging with the scope of the rational water use induction. In addition, was included other possible and operationally viable aspects that may exist in any water resources system controlled by reservoirs. The way it was designed allows its perfect adequacy, implementation and operation, especially in the brazilian semi-arid region watersheds. As a case study, the region made up of the Planning Unit of the Alto Piranhas (UPHAP), in the Piancó-Piranhas-Açu/PB river basin, which includes two interdependent reservoirs (Engenheiro Ávidos and São Gonçalo), was used. This characteristic was of fundamental importance for the construction and validation of the water use charging model linked to the amount of water flow allowed by the granted water resources use right. From the obtained data, , it was analyzed, integrated through an optimization model, the flows provided by the system to attend the water use licenses, the ix volume of reservoirs, as well as the flows in the stretch of the river between the two reservoirs. Four system operation optimizations were performed assuming two possible scenarios: involving or not the transposition of the São Francisco River. For each of these two scenarios, two distinct situations were considered: water demands with or without flow measurement. The test demonstrated: 1. The values charged by the cubic meter of water are compatible with local and national reality; 2. Possibility of encourage, through the model, the rational use of water, inhibiting the inefficient uses of water, practice of reservation of water, through grants, and potential extra abstractions of water by users; 3. The ability to adapt the model to various realities and scenarios, especially in the semi-arid region; 4. The proposed water charging model can be applied in any watershed, being possible to resize the used parameter values via a more participatory and democratic process within the river basin Committee; and 5. The parsimony and efficiency of the model.

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-24T18:34:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ÉRICA CALDAS SILVA DE OLIVEIRA – TESE (PPGMet) 2011.pdf: 3050030 bytes, checksum: 38d32142dec7d2ec8b6853ae9d180ca6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-24T18:34:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ÉRICA CALDAS SILVA DE OLIVEIRA – TESE (PPGMet) 2011.pdf: 3050030 bytes, checksum: 38d32142dec7d2ec8b6853ae9d180ca6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06 / A busca por novas alternativas de uso dos recursos naturais emerge da necessidade da demanda por novas matérias-prima que fomentem o desenvolvimento. Com relação ao bioma Caatinga, a produção de conhecimento nas mais diversas áreas do saber, reveste-se de uma importância fundamental para a geração de políticas públicas, que viabilizem estratégias de gestão ambiental e priorize, conservação e preservação da biodiversidade da caatinga, riqueza, endemismos, potencial econômico e social, valor ecológico. Assim entendendo, realizou-se uma pesquisa sobre a espécie Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl (faveleira), em áreas do Seridó Ocidental do Estado da Paraíba, precisamente nos municípios de Santa Luzia e São Mamede, no período de maio de 2009 a fevereiro de 2011, abordando aspectos da biologia desta espécie, que guarda um valor sócio-ambiental importante nas áreas em que ocorre. Através de coletas mensais de dados, a pesquisa abordou aspectos etnobotânicos da faveleira, naquelas comunidades trabalhadas, aspectos da ecofisiologia da espécie, em que se evidenciou características anatômicas e citogenéticas, avaliação da eficiência quântica fotoquímica do fotossistema II, avaliação do potencial hídrico e estudo de área foliar, biomassa de folhas e frutos, fitossociologia do estrato arbustivo-arbóreo em áreas de caatinga no Seridó Ocidental paraibano e fenologia de populações de faveleira, considerando períodos estacionais chuvosos e secos. A espécie C. quercifolius apresentou, de acordo com os resultados obtidos, uma dinâmica biológica que se ajusta bem aos fatores ambientais em que a mesma se desenvolve, apresentando uma sazonalidade acentuada para os aspectos ecofisológicos estudados. / The search for new alternatives for use of natural resources emerges the necessity of demand for new raw materials to facilitate development. Regarding the Caatinga biome, the production of knowledge in several areas of knowledge, is of fundamental importance for the generation of public policies that allow environmental management strategies and prioritize, conservation and preservation of biodiversity of the savanna, wealth, endemics, economic and social potential, ecological value. Thus understood, there was a survey on the species Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl (faveleira) in areas of the West Seridó of Paraiba State, precisely in Santa Luzia and São Mamede, from march 2009 to february 2011, addressing aspects of the biology of this species, which houses a major socio-environmental value in areas where it occurs. Were monthly data, the study addressed aspects of ethnobotanical faveleira, worked in those communities, aspects of the ecophysiology of the species, which showed anatomical and cytogenetic characteristics, evaluation of photochemical quantum efficiency of photosystem II, evaluation of water potential and study leaf area, biomass of leaves and fruits, phytosociology the woody layer in the savanna areas of West Seridó Paraiba and phenology of populations faveleira considering seasonal rainy and dry periods. The species C. quercifolius presented, according to the results, a biological dynamics that fits well with environmental factors in which it unfolds, showing a marked seasonality for aspects ecofisológicos studied.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:15:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCIO ARLEI i.pdf: 1092899 bytes, checksum: 0574ff83d619cbce79ff3cd80356b87c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Currently, the meloeiro is one of the olerícolas of bigger economic and social expression for the Northeast Region of Brazil. The culture of the cantaloups does not provide only economic benefits, but also social benefits, therefore it guarantees about 40 a thousand jobs indirect right-handers and (BRAZIL, 2003). Ahead of this, the objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of rendilhado cantaloups hybrids submitted the five blade of irrigation (70, 85, 100, 115 and 130% of the Kc), in the parameters of productivity and quality of the fruits. An experiment was lead in the period of June of 2006 the January of 2007, in the farm cantaloups Water, producer, located in the city of Quixeré (CE). In the evaluation of the experiment, the experimental delineation of casualizados blocks complete in subdivided parcels was used, with three repetitions. The first placed factor the parcels had been the five blades of irrigation (70% of ETO, 85% of ETO, 100% of ETO, 115% of ETO, 130% of the ETO) and placed subparcelas cantaloups had been the six cantaloups hybrids (type cantaloupe: Hy - Mark, Torreon e Cristobal and the gália type: AF 3360, Gallardo, Yupi). The evaluated characteristics had been: productivity, number of fruits, average weight of the fruit, variability of the size of the fruit, time of maturity, days the first mature fruit, Period of maduração: Number of days of the first flower to the first mature fruit, all up weight of fruit for plant, thickness of the pulp, diameter of the internal socket, firmness of the pulp, total soluble solid text. The harvest of the cantaloups after had a period of 9 days with beginning to the 62 days the plantation (DAP). Differences had occurred through the time where if it reaches the maximum value of sugar between the days 64 and 66DAP with 12,7 the 13,5 ºBrix, having a decrease of the text of in agreement sugar the increment of plates of irrigation. The handling of the irrigation in the preparation and conduction of the harvest of the Torreon cantaloups, implied in the reduction of the Kc, from 55 DAP of 0,7 for 0,53 making with that the volume of water offered to the 55 diminished of 26,7mm for 11,6, 12,5 and 11,6 mm to the 59, 63 and 67 DAP. The hídridos ones of cantaloups had presented similar productive behavior and superior texts of sugar 10o Brix / Atualmente, o meloeiro é uma das olerícolas de maior expressão econômica e social para a Região Nordeste do Brasil. O cultivo do melão não proporciona apenas benefícios econômicos, mas também benefícios sociais, pois garante cerca de 40 mil empregos diretos e indiretos (BRASIL, 2003). Diante disto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de híbridos de melão rendilhado submetido a cinco lâmina de irrigação (70, 85, 100, 115 e 130% do Kc), nos parâmetros de produtividade e qualidade dos frutos. Um experimento foi conduzido no período de junho de 2006 a janeiro de 2007, na fazenda Água, produtora de melão, localizada no município de Quixeré (CE). Na avaliação do experimento, foi usado o delineamento experimental de blocos completo casualizados em parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. O primeiro fator alocado as parcelas foram as cinco lâminas de irrigação (70% da ETO, 85% da ETO, 100% da ETO, 115% da ETO, 130% da ETO) e o alocado as subparcelas foram os seis híbridos de melão (melão tipo cantaloupe: Hy Mark, Torreon e Cristobal e o tipo gália: AF 3360, Gallardo, Yupi). As características avaliadas foram: produtividade, número de frutos, peso médio do fruto, variabilidade do tamanho do fruto, época de maturidade, dias a primeira fruta madura, Período de maduração: Número de dias da primeira flor à primeira fruta madura, peso total de fruto por planta, espessura da polpa, diâmetro da cavidade interna, firmeza da polpa, teor de sólidos solúveis totais. A colheita do melão teve um período de 9 dias com início aos 62 dias após o plantio (DAP). Diferenças ocorreram através do tempo em que se atinge o valor máximo de açúcar entre os dias 64 e 66DAP com 12,7 a 13,5 ºBrix, havendo um decréscimo do teor de açúcar conforme o incremento da lamina de irrigação. O manejo da irrigação na preparação e condução da colheita do melão Torreon, implicou na redução do Kc, a partir de 55 DAP de 0,7 para 0,53 fazendo com que o volume de água ofertada aos 55 diminuísse de 26,7mm para 11,6, 12,5 e 11,6 mm aos 59, 63 e 67 DAP. Os hídridos de melão apresentaram comportamento produtivo semelhante e teores de açúcar superiores 10o Brix