The purpose of this thesis is to examine the experience of nurses with burnout syndrome and its prevention. In order to this, I have been examining a number of nurses who have experienced burnout syndrome, the level of intensity they experienced and the nurses' opinion on the prevention of this psychical state. The theoretical part will focus on the nurses' job description and psychological stresses related to their duties. Furthermore I will focus on burnout syndrome - its risk factors, causes, stages and prevention. I will inform as well about daily course and operations at the Intensive Care Unit and the standard inpatient department. The empirical part focuses on comparing the level of burnout syndrome of nurses working in the Intensive Care Unit versus those working in the standard inpatient department. Furthermore I am examining the experience of nurses with the burnout syndrome and its prevention. I will use a questionnaire as the research method.

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the entire gastrointestinal tract in all its layers.The theoretical part deals with the characteristics of the disease, its causes, symptoms, complications, treatment and psychological aspects. It also touches on the needs of children and communication with a chronically ill child.At first, this work set out to achieve two goals: mapping the provision of nursing care to children with Crohn's disease in hospitals and determining the impact of Crohn's disease on the everyday life of a child. A third goal, gathering respondents' views on the possibilities of community nurses in collective institutions, was encountered during the research and was added.The empirical part was carried out using qualitative research method using semi-structured interviews both with health professionals working at pediatric wards, as well as children with Crohn's disease and their parents.Survey results show that children with Crohn's disease come in contact with health workers at various departments of health facilities. The most common early symptoms of Crohn's disease in children included abdominal pain, diarrhea with blood or mucus and failure to thrive. The most common areas affected were the gastrointestinal tract, the small intestine, the colon in one case and the rectum in another.Some workers did not know which tests or treatments their hospital prescribes to the children.They report pain as the main nursing challenge, but this did not reflect in nursing practice.In all departments, except one, there was no material on Crohn's disease, which would have been helpful to the workers.Interviews with children and parents, as well as with health workers confirmed that the disease has a socio-cultural impact on the child and those around it. The results of this diploma thesis were presented at three conferences and will be published.

The diploma thesis deals with problems of healthcare-associated infection in selected nursing activities. The thesis is a theoretical one; it has been processed by means of review and synthesis. In this thesis, four objectives were set, namely to create a comprehensive overview of the problems of healthcare-associated infection in selected nursing activities. Other objectives were to map and analyze clinically relevant sites of transmission and possibilities of prevention of healthcare-associated infection in selected nursing activities and to propose recommendations for the prevention of these infections. The thesis is divided into several chapters that deal with the characteristics of healthcare-associated infection, focusing on the causative agents, formation, spreading and prevention. It also deals with particular nursing activities. The first chosen activity was the care of medical devices intended for repeated use, with a particular focus on the implementation of their disinfection. Secondly, hand sanitation as a basic factor affecting the transmission of healthcare-associated infection activity was selected. This chapter deals primarily with the hygienic hand disinfection, its indications, methods and implementation of disinfection products. It also deals with strategies for improving hand hygiene and glove use in providing nursing care. As the third nursing activity, aseptic techniques, which are an essential part in providing nursing care, were chosen. The thesis describes three specific clinical nursing procedures: aseptic collection of venous blood from a peripheral vein, preparation and administration of a drug into an existing peripheral venous catheter, and uncomplicated (aseptic) wounds dressing. Processing of the thesis was based on a range of relevant sources from the Czech Republic but also from abroad. It also contains various recommendations of national and international institutions. The thesis can serve as a basis for more effective prevention of healthcare-associated infection in certain areas.

The basic theoretical background: It is known that the profession of nurses is very physically and mentally challenging. Otherwise, it is not even for nurses in the operating room. The work of nurses in operating rooms is highly specialized and demanding profession that requires specific skills and knowledge primarily because the operating rooms is very specific and puts high demands on the technical and material equipment, flawless organization work and to perfect the principles of antisepsis and asepsis. It's about challenging, diverse activities, including the preparation of operating material, devices, apparatus, instruments and sterilization. The correct execution of all these activities, the profession ranks between occupation with time pressure, physical stress and irregular rhythm of life and professions, in which psychological and physical depletion of reserves means not only a danger to themselves, but also the health of the patient. The objectives of the work: To meet the main intent of the work were established two objectives. The first goal is to find out what type of workload for nurses in perioperative care predominates. The second goal is to compare the differences of the workload for novice and long - term working nurses in perioperative care. Hypothesis: Depending on the set objectives have been identified four hypotheses. H1: the incidence of psychological burden for nurses in perioperative care predominates over the occurrence of physical exertion. H2: for nurses working less than three years in perioperative care is the presence of psychic load higher than for senior sisters. H3: for nurses working for more than three years in perioperative care is the presence of physical load higher than the sisters with less length of practice. H4: the workload of nurses in perioperative care does not differ from the standard, based on the Meister´s method of assessing workload. Methodology: Research method of quantitative inquiry of research using the techniques of a standardised questionnaire, supplemented by their own questions. The questionnaire was completely anonymous and respondents ' participation in the research was voluntary. Were used two standardized questionnaires. The first questionnaire was elected from Maister, which assesses the impact of work on the psyche of the individual. The second questionnaire was used as a working activity from Baecky, which is used to measure physical activity. The target group were the nurses working in the perioperative care. In total, were interviewed across nine hospitals of the Czech Republic. All selected Hospital have agreed to perform the research investigation to this thesis. The results obtained were statistically processed. Conclusion: The work provides information about what type of workload predominate for nurses in perioperative care and about the differences of the workload for starting and working nurses in perioperative care. The results of the thesis can be used by medical facilities to identify the workload for nurses in perioperative care and by the perioperative nurses. From the above results, it is clear that the issue of mental and physical loads primarily nurses in the operating room is a very current topic, and it is important to deal with manifestations of this load. In addition to this thesis was created, information material on the prevention of the workload and the methods of its elimination.

A planned operation performance always affects patient´s needs for assurance and safety. It is important to provide necessary information connected with the planned operation performance itself so that the patient can feel assure and safe. The key role for the patient and her/his needs for assurance and safety is in general nurse´s hands because she is the closest person to the patient and can help to inspire her/his needs for assurance and safety with konfidence best through the aid of her knowledge and skills that she should have as well as through the aid of her attitudes. The target of the thesis was to find out how a planned operation performance affects patient´s needs for assurance and safety and how a general nurse inspires patient´s needs for assurance and safety connected with a planned operation performance with confidence. The following research questions were stated: How does a planned operation performance affect patient´s needs for assurance and safety? How does a general nurse affect patient´s needs for assurance and safety connected with a planned operation performance to inspire her/him with confidence? What is insufficient in filling patient´s needs for assurance and safety before a planned operation performance? How can a general nurse help a patient control her/his fear and state of anxiety related to a planned operation performance? The method qualitative research with the use of depth interview was used to figure out the investigation. The respondents were willing to record the interview which were verbally rewritten and then subjected to the contents analysis by the method paper and pencil. From the research it is clear that a planned operation performance affects patient´s needs for assurance and safety in a negative way disregarding to her/his previous experience. Patient´s worries and negative feelings can be eliminated by a general nurse who treats her/him as equal, taking up an individual approach, informing her/him about all performances and proceedings, having a calming and welcoming way of communication, using empathy and listening as well as trying to meet patient´s wishes according to her possibilities. The research reveals the advantage of patients´ readiness for planned operation performances. Patients can learn it in the framework of educational proceeding in the out-patients´ department at the same time when they learn that they are going to be operated. The research also shows that general nurses do not have enough knowledge in the sphere of therapeutical communication. The results indicate that it would be suitable to start educating patients as soon as it is known how their disease will be solved and treated in order to reduce the negative impact of surgical treatment to patients´ needs for assurance and safety. General nurses should complete their knowledge and skills to be able to help patients to cope with their difficult life-situation. On the basis of the research investigation and after the consultation with the senior nursing officer, the training course will be organized. The topic of the training course will concentrate on communication with patients before planned operation performances with a view to therapeutical communications and therapeutical interviews. Other discovered facts, for example, the lack of information provided to patients and possibilities regarding better patients´ readiness for planned operation performances will surely be solved by the hospital management.

The thesis, titled Palliative Care Provided by Patient's Family in Home Environment, discusses the specific care needs of a terminally ill patient in his/her own home. Caring for an ill person in a home environment is beginning to be a growing trend in home care, but also it is an increasingly common wish of the patients themselves. The family is therefore required to have enough theory and practical knowledge in order to deliver a highly demanding personal care for their close family members. The aim of the thesis is to summarize the current situation of delivering palliative care in home environment in Czech Republic whilst concentrating on the specific needs of the patient and the needs of their family. The objectives of the research were to determine whether family members were introduces to the specifics of palliative care of terminally ill patients; to map their skills in delivering palliative care in home environment and to reveal the most common issues that family members come across in that home environment. The final objective was to map out services in regions of Central Bohemia and Liberec that are accessible to family members whilst caring for a terminally ill patient. The research part of the thesis was completed employing a method of qualitative investigation using semi-structured interviews with patient's family members and nurses providing hospice care in home environment. It emerged from the analytical interviews that the family's knowledge level regarding support for palliative care in home environment is very limited and in hospitals families are only given minimal or no support or information. As a final document for the thesis an informative educational brochure was created based on the results of aforementioned research, primarily targeting patient's family; its core objective is to improve information and collate the specifics of care that would allow the patient a dignified end to their life.

The thesis entitled Nurse as a representative of a healthy lifestyle consists of two main parts, one theoretical and one practical. The theoretical part consists of theoretical knowledge of the nurses´ lifestyle coming from their profession, topics related to the personality of general nurses, nurses´ lifestyle and mental hygiene. The practical part of the thesis is a quantitative research, which is based on responds of 193 nurses in a questionnaire survey about the impact of education on adherence on a healthy lifestyle. Research shows that most nurses know well the factors of a healthy life style which they could potentially have influence on, however they are not able to apply this knowledge to their life style. Education on correct healthy lifestyle and length of practice has no impact on nurses´ healthy lifestyle and their families. Discussion and conclusion summarize the research results.

The nursing handover report belongs to everyday activities of nurses. In the work of a nurse it is important to know exactly who, when, where, what and how. This is what the following activity and responsibilities of the duty period are derived from. This diploma thesis, focused on the Nursing Handover Report at a Patient´s Bedside, has a theoretical and practical part. The first, theoretical part, is composed of three chapters, the modern trend of nursing, the nursing report and legislation. The second, practical part, is based on quantitative and qualitative surveys with three defined objectives and four hypotheses. The first objective was to determine what nurses regard as a major contribution of the nursing handover report at a patient´s bedside. The second objective was to define the greatest obstacle in the nursing handover report at a patient´s bedside. The third objective was assessing the patients´ attitude towards the nursing handover report at their bedside. All three objectives were met by the research. The qualitative part of this diploma work was based on a conducted kvasiexperiment and subsequent questions for patients and nurses. The research sample was 5 nurses and 5 patients from the intermediate care unit (IMCU) and 5 nurses and 5 patients from the resuscitation station (RES) of the České Budějovice hospital, PLC. The semi-structured interview consisted of six to eight questions, surveying the feelings, contents, visualization, integration, advantages, disadvantages, departments, nursing handover at the bedside and the quality. The data collection was carried out by means of an anonymous questionnaire designed for nurses to find out how nurses hand the report over or how they would like to hand it over. 303 nurses from the České Budějovice Hospital, PLC, and the Příbram Hospital, PLC, took part in the research. The results were used to confirm or to reject the hypotheses. The first hypothesis: Nurses do not consider an oral handover report as a quality one when done without a visual completion, this has not been confirmed by the investigation. The second hypothesis: In terms of the risk of the patient's damage, the quality of the handover report done by the nurses in the IMCU and the RES is better than that done by the nurses in a standard unit, this has been confirmed. The third hypothesis: Nurses consider the time consuming nature of the handover report at the patient´s bedside as the greatest difficulty, this has not been confirmed. The fourth and last hypothesis: Patients have a positive attitude towards the nursing handover report at the bedside, this has been confirmed by the research. The output of this thesis is to suggest a standard for the nursing handover report at a patient´s bedside. The results can be used for nursing managers, deputy directors of nursing, medical students and nursing professionals.

People communicate to understand one another and share information. Speaking is crucial in the course of everyone's entire life. In this thesis, we have focused on the issues related to communication with seniors with a hearing disorder. It is necessary to properly diagnose the hearing disorder using suitable methods of examination, and subsequently propose possible means of therapy and train the patient on use of the hearing aid if necessary. Two objectives were set out, both of which were achieved. Objective 1: Map the effective skills used by nurses when communicating with seniors with a hearing disorder. Objective 2: Determine how unsuitable communication by nurses affects seniors with a hearing disorder. A quantitative and qualitative examination was performed. Within the quantitative examination, 200 questionnaires were handed out, of which 178 properly completed were returned for processing. The qualitative examination consisted of a semi-structured interview of ten seniors with a hearing disorder with the help of technology. We defined three hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: The type of education affects nurses' communication skills with seniors with a hearing disorder. Hypothesis 2: Nurses adhere to the principles of communication with seniors with a hearing disorder. Both hypotheses were confirmed. Hypothesis 3: Nurses consider care for seniors with a hearing disorder to be a burden. The last hypothesis was not confirmed. Three research questions were also defined. Research question 1: How does the current manner of communication by nurses affect seniors with a hearing disorder? Answer 1: The current manner of communication of nurses with seniors with a hearing disorder has a positive effect. Research question 2: How do seniors with a hearing disorder perceive non-verbal communication by nurses? Answer 2: Seniors with a hearing disorder consider the non-verbal communication of nurses to be adequate. Research question 3: What problems do seniors with a hearing disorder encounter when communicating with nurses? Answer 3: The most common problem mentioned by seniors with a hearing disorder was lack of eye contact.

For a person stoma means change both in the health as well as psychosocial area. It is necessary to perceive the person as a bio-psycho-socially-spiritual being requiring satisfaction of all his/her needs. Shortage of satisfaction of psychosocial needs can have very serious impacts on the overall health condition of the client. Stoma nurses and stoma clubs significantly contribute to satisfaction of needs. Stoma nurses deal not only with a preoperative, postoperative care for stoma suffering people, their education but they also help them to solve problems, which occurred in connection with stoma, answer their questions and are their consultants and support. Stoma nurses are a great benefit for stoma suffering people and their families. Stoma clubs are voluntary associations where people suffering stoma meet. Their task is to defend the interests and rights of stoma suffering people, organise meetings, special seminars, cultural events and stays. Versatile activity of the clubs is involved in client?s stoma adaptation, improvement of his/her life and making satisfaction of psychosocial needs easier. The target of the Diploma Thesis was to find out the most frequent psychosocial problems of stoma patients and whether stoma stresses more ileostoma patients than colostomy ones. Targets of the thesis were met. There were defined five hypotheses for the targets. First hypothesis dealt with the question, whether stoma patients suffer lack of satisfaction of psychosocial needs. Second hypothesis analysed, whether stoma disturbed partner life of the stoma patient. Third hypothesis analysed, whether stoma nurses bring benefit to a stoma patient and the fourth one, whether stoma clubs are beneficial for a stoma patient. These hypotheses were proved. The fifth hypothesis analysed, whether stoma stresses more ileostoma than colostomy patients. This hypothesis was not proved. To collect data I used the form of quantitative research using non-standardised questionnaire for people suffering ileostoma and colostomy. This Diploma Thesis shall point out the necessity of satisfaction of psychosocial needs of stoma patients in practice.