The thesis is focused on the assessment of nurse's knowledge in the prevention of catheter sepsis. The aim of the study was to expertise knowledge in the prevention of catheter sepsis among nurses working in intensive care units. Map out the latest theoretical and practical possibilities of nurses working in intensive care units in the prevention of catheter-related sepsis of hospitalized patients. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part consists of three chapters. In the first chapter, we focused on a theoretical overview of nosocomial and bloodstream infections. The second chapter is focused on an overview of invasive inputs. The third chapter focuses on prevention of catheter sepsis. Practical part was divided into two chapters. In the first section of the empirical part of the diploma thesis, which is the fourth chapter, we characterized the survey sample, the evaluation of the survey data that have been collected through the questionnaire. Practical part was divided into two chapters. The fifth chapter consists of discussion and suggestions. Key words: sepsis, prevention, nursing, catheter, nurse, hospitalization.

Introduction: Arterial catherer placement by a general nurse at the departments of intensive care, resuscitation and anaesthesiology is still rather exceptional, despite the fact that this competence was defined in our legal system for the first time already in 2004 by the Decree no. 424/2004 Coll. of the Ministry of Health. The authorisation to execute this highly professional operation by a nurse specialised in intensive care is generally not reflected by the employer in the job description, although it might be one of the possible ways to increase the prestige of this profession. Objectives: The main objective of the thesis was to determine the current state in the area of arterial line placement from the perspective of intensive care nurses, to quantify their interest and clarify their readiness to execute the operation. Methodology: The quantitative method of anonymous questionnaire of own design was selected for the research survey. The questionnaire was distributed in electronic way to hospitals established by the Ministry of Health, regional government or private owners. We contacted one large hospital in every region, with the exception of Prague. The research sample consisted of general nurses working at the departments of intensive care, resuscitation and anaesthesiology, who at the same...

The present diploma thesis is engaged in the education of patients prior to the application of anaesthesia. The theoretical part studies the area of education. For a comprehensive overview of the problems at issue, the theoretical part delves in the area of anaesthesia. The thesis examines the contribution of education provided to patients prior to the application of anaesthesia. The target group of respondents is composed by patients who underwent a procedure requiring an anaesthesiology care. Patients suitable for data collection were selected using the purposeful sampling method on the basis of collaboration with head nurses of the given hospital wards. The research was conducted by a quantitative method, using the author's own questionnaire. The total of 69 questionnaires was distributed. The results of the research investigation conducted that patients are provided advice as to anaesthesiology care in more than one half of all cases. The greatest share in providing advice and education to patients in anaesthesiology care is taken up by physicians - anaesthesiologists. Most often, advice is provided in form of an informed consent, including oral advice. A vast majority of the patients questioned observe the recommendations and measures that they have been informed of. The results further imply...

The thesis deals with the effects of professional failure and helplessness experienced by nurses working in palliative care. The objectives of this thesis were to find out whether nurses often suffer from the negative feelings, to examine the influence of the job on their personal lives, to identify the most common problems related to their jobs and to find out if they regret choosing this type of job. To achieve these objectives, the following questions were asked: What is the influence of palliative care environment on nurses' lives and personalities? What factors influence nurses' professional performance? Why did they choose this type of job? What are the most stressful situations they experience? Does the workload make them feel helpless? What helps the nurses cope with stressful situations? We used qualitative research methods and conducted half structured interviews with fifteen research participants; eight of them work in non-hospice palliative care and seven participants work in hospices. The research results showed that palliative care has an influence on nurses' personal lives to a large extent; however, not only in negative ways. The research participants find their jobs mentally demanding and hard to separate from personal lives but they do not regret choosing the job. The participants responded that they often feel helpless but not hopeless. The feeling of failure is rather rare and occurs only under specific conditions. The most common and serious problems the participants encounter were characterized as conflicts at work, work stress, patient´s worsening state of health or patient's death, communication with family of a patient who passed away, big responsibility, misunderstandings with patients or their families, taking care of confused or aggressive patients and of patients with persisting pain, death of a young patient, patient's inability to find reconciliation with their condition or patient's unawareness of their state of health. This thesis also outlines a close relationship between high demands of palliative care and burnout syndrome and could be used for further research on this topic. Simultaneously, the data received from the research participants provides an analysis of palliative care nurses' feelings and work satisfaction and will be communicated to the management of given facilities. The findings of this work could be also presented at a conference in the future.

The thesis "Preoperative Preparation in the Context of Historical Development" is a theoretical dissertation that deals with the history of not only the preoperative preparation but also with nursing and surgery dividing them into several time horizons. The preoperative preparation is an inseparable part of any surgery and based on it the nursing specifications are determined. This thesis is written as a detailed search of primary and secondary sources. The thesis is divided into four main chapters that deal with the history of the preoperative preparation in connection with nursing, nurse education and the preoperative preparation today. The preoperative preparation has undergone many changes during its development. It was influenced by the factors occurring at that time. Nurses had to adapt to the time to be able to respond to changes and to learn in terms of surgery. The aim of the thesis was to analyse the development of the preoperative preparation and point out the influence of the nursing care on the preoperative preparation from a historical perspective. Two research questions were chosen at the outset in connection with the objective: How did the preoperative preparation develop? How has the preoperative preparation changed over time? On the basis of a textual analysis, it emerged the greatest development occurred in the 19th century because that is the time when the preoperative preparation got its name. This dissertation describes it is written using an analytical method, and consequently it is elaborated as an interpretive text.

The aim of this thesis is an analysis of motivating and discouraging elements influencing the contentment of nursing staff of the Hospital in České Budějovice a.s. The theoretical part is focused on the motivation in general, that means what the known and used theories of motivation are. Furthermore I will introduce the profession of the nurse itself and its development. I will outline the system of rewarding and lifelong education and last but not least I will mention the burnout syndrome. In the practical part of the thesis I will evaluate the results of the survey of motivation, focusing mainly on the real motivations and discouragements for the nurses, I will compare various variables, ascertain their dependencies and confirm or disapprove my own stated hypothesizes. At the end of thesis, there is a discussion, where I analyse the results and I try to suggest possible solutions regarding the gained facts.

Modern lifestyle (technology, increasing intensity of sport activities, motor sports) results into increasing number of injuries and traumas and their seriousness. Injuries are at the first place in the assessment of cause of death among children and adults. Traumatology deals with prevention, diagnosis and treatment of injuries involving soft tissues, bones and joints. Traumatology should be considered as a complex diagnostic-therapeutic process, which includes medical history, clinical examination and imaging methods. Based on this examination, the diagnosis is made. Then comes therapeutical considerations and possibly a patient is indicated for surgery. Evaluation scales in nursing are elementary and integral part of nursing documentation. With their help, it is possible to define the object of observation and the way of evaluation (scoring of selected manifestations). Based on the received information it is then possible to precisely identify, objectify and document the problems arising in connection with nursing care. The result is finding an adequate solution to the problem and improving the quality of nursing care. Therefore, nurses should be equipped with basic skills on how to use the scales and how to work with them. The thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical and an empirical one. The theoretical parts contains information about traumatology, its history and trauma centers in the Czech republic. It also contains information about nursing documentation, which includes assessment scales. We mainly focused on individual assessment scales for evaluation of state of consciousness, the risk of bedsores, the risk of falling and scales for evaluation of the degree of self-sufficiency. Among other scales we dealt with pain assessment, nutritional screening and screening tests for cognitive function evaluation. We have discussed these scales further in the text. The first part of the research part of this diploma paper was carried out in the form of a qualitative survey based on semi-structured interviews with nurses, working in the traumatology department. The interviews included basic and supplementary questions which were asked later, in case of need during the interviews with interviewees. The survey was conducted in April, in a trauma center in the Czech Republic. After finishing the interviews, the results were examined into detail by coding and categorization. The most important answers of the respondents were shown in the diagrams, which were created according to the defined categories. For the second group, a quantitative research, conducted in the form of an anonymous survey, was chosen - a survey with 50 respondents. This technique was chosen as a support for the received qualitative data. The goal of this thesis was to find out the use of assessment scales for evaluation of a patient in traumatology and at the same time to map the nurses´ point of view of the issue of using assessment scales in traumatology. To achieve the goal, following questions were formulated. RQ1: What assessment scales are used in traumatology for evaluation of patients? RQ2: How can the assessment scales contribute to improving the patient care? RQ3: Are the assessment scales actively used for determining the patient care intervention? RQ4: What is the opinion of nurses on using the assessment scales in traumatology? RQ5: What assessment scales are comfortable and beneficial for nurses to use in traumatology? During the research was found out that using of assessment scales results into improving the patient care, it helps us to regularly evaluate patient´s condition and to assess the risks the patient is during his/her hospitalization, endangered with. Although the nurses see the scales as beneficial, the scales are just another administrative burden for nurses in the traumatology department. However, the results of these scales are actively used to determine suitable intervention.

For my diploma thesis I chose the topic of education of nurses in intensive care. In the field of nursing education, it was necessary to respond to new trends in the European Union. In recent years, the situation in the field of education has changed in many ways. Act No. 201/2017 Coll. it has brought a novelty that the credit system of education has been abolished and it is therefore possible to conclude that the motivation of nurses to education may have fallen. The theoretical part describes the history of intensive care in the world and in the Czech Republic. Mentioned is the history of nursing education in intensive care and the history of nursing education in the Czech Republic. The next chapter points to the current situation of intensive care, the requirements for qualification education of a nurse and the competence of a nurse specialist. The possibilities of intensive care education, including lifelong learning, are being announced. An integral part is the motivation chapter. The main aim of my thesis was to find out the motivation of nurses to specialize in intensive care. Subsequently, I then mapped the nurses' motivation to continue their education in lifelong learning. Research questions were chosen: 1.What preview do nurses themselves have from intensive care to specialized...

The main intent of the research study is to find out about social skills of registred nurses working at specialized wards - anaesthesiology, resuscitation and other wards of intensive care. In the theoretical part the article looks into the question of vocational preparation and professional education of registred nurses in the Czech Republic, who all are registred nurses and how they prepare for their profession. What differences there are in the profession of a nurse. The article is also concerned with the vocational preparation of nurses in the European Union. We address the question of nurse's personality, the question of her formation and creation, and also the differences with nurse's profession in relation to gender and role characteristics. The article inquires into the character features of a registred nurse and special skills of registred nurses and especially above mentioned social skills, which are the main topic of our research work. The article covers the development and formation of social skills in the course of a person's lifetime, in our case a nurse, and factors that influence them. The article also follows up the risks of devaluation of social skills like stress, burnout syndrome as well as insufficient psychic hygiene. An important place in the field of social skills belongs...

Community nursing contribution to the support of active old-age In connection with the growing tendency of the number of seniors in the Czech Republic the necessity to keep the senior generation active and self-sufficient as long as possible arises. The activities of geriatric nurses have been currently conducted by nurses of general practitioners and nurses of home-care agencies. However, in the primary care, community nurses would be of use, as they are abroad. We have ascertained what seniors themselves, the younger public but also nurses and students expect from a community nurse in the support of active old age. In the qualitative part of the research we used the technique of a semi-structured interview while in the quantitative part we used the questionnaire technique. We have managed to find answers to the research questions set out at the beginning of the research: the public expects a community nurse to provide nursing and health care together with assistance in the social field; the public expects a community nurse to focus on education in the field of a healthy lifestyle and therapeutic regimen; seniors expect broader social assistance provided by a community nurse than the younger public; financial security, healthy diet and physical activity constitute a form of preparation of the younger public for their old age; the younger public wants to be informed by a community nurse about preparation for old age. We have also confirmed the hypotheses raised by us: 1) Nurses prefer a community nurse to undertake the role of a provider of (required) care rather than the role of an educator in the support of active old age. 2) Students of the 3rd grade of study branch ``General Nurse{\crqq} of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia (ZSF JU) prefer a community nurse to undertake the role of an educator in the support of active old age rather than the role of a provider of (required) care. The results may serve for further researches, may be the inspiration for educational programmes and courses in the field of community care of seniors or may serve for development of community planning in the support of active old age. They will certainly contribute to a change of the view of a nurse working with a senior community.