Thesis (doctoral)--Universitetet i Uppsala, 1983. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement and English abstract inserted. Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 179-186).

An abbreviated version of the author's thesis, Paris IV, 1972. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-88).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 2002. / Title from title page of source document. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:37:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_aa_me_prud.pdf: 2822639 bytes, checksum: 9fe9072a9c8b0df5ce05edd5ce78371c (MD5) / Esta dissertação tem como tema central o estudo das multidimensionalidades do território dos dezenove assentamentos rurais do município de Teodoro Sampaio. O estudo das multidimensionalidades dos assentamentos é conduzido a partir da análise dos dados secundários dos livros do RIST - Relatório de Impactos Socioterritoriais e do CPDA - Programa de Pós-Graduação de Ciências Sociais em Desenvolvimento, Agricultura e Sociedade da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Tomamos como ponto de partida o estudo da luta pela terra e do desenvolvimento rural na região do Pontal do Paranapanema, com objetivo de entender quais foram os impactos socioterritoriais causados com a implantação dos assentamentos. Buscamos entender as questões teórico-metodológicas da pesquisa geográfica em assentamentos rurais, verificando as principais teorias e metodologias utilizadas nas pesquisas desenvolvidas no Brasil. Estudamos a importância do espaço, do território, dos processos e das multidimensionalidades que envolvem os territórios dos assentamentos... / This thesis has as central theme of the study multidimensionality of the territory of nineteen rural settlements in the municipality of Teodoro Sampaio. The study of multiple dimensions of the settlements is led from the data analysis side of the books of Ristar - Report on Impacts Socioterritoriais and the CPDA - the Postgraduate Program of Social Sciences in Development, Agriculture and Rural Society, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro . We take as a starting point for the study of the struggle for land and rural development in the region of Pontal do Paranapanema, in order to understand what the impacts were caused socioterritoriais with the deployment of settlements. We seek to understand the theoretical and methodological issues of geographical research on rural settlements, noting the main theories and methodologies used in research activities in Brazil. We studied the importance of space, the territory, procedures and multidimensional involving the territories of the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

With Canada's increasing population, natural disasters such as flooding events will have an increasing impact on human populations. The severity of these events requires that decision makers have a clear understanding of the flood risks that communities face in order to plan for and mitigate flood risks. One key component to understanding flood risk is flood exposure, an element of which is the presence of structures (e.g., residences, businesses, and other buildings) in an area that could be damaged by flooding. Presently, several resources exist at both the national and global level that can be used to estimate the spatial distribution of structures. These resources are typically generated at global scales and do not account for regional or local data or processes that could enhance the accuracy and precision of exposure estimation in sparsely populated areas. The present study investigates the feasibility of creating a region-specific dwelling distribution model that helps improve estimation of residential structures in rural areas. Herein, we describe a rural dwelling distribution model for the province of Alberta that can be used to assist in the estimation of structural exposure to flood risk. The model is based on a random forest classification algorithm and several publicly available datasets associated with dwelling and population density. The model was validated using visually referenced data collected from earth imagery. The resulting dwelling layer was then evaluated in its ability to spatially disaggregate census dwelling counts, as well as predict dwelling exposure in several scenarios. This method appears to be a useful alternative to globally scaled models, or using the census alone, particularly for rural areas of Canada. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

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Latium Vetus is accepted as having possessed an urban status by the archaic period. The evolution towards this status depended upon various factors operating through centuries. From an initial stage in which the region was composed of insular settlements, the first step towards urbanisation was nucleation of settlement. This was a federal grouping of small, self-governing kin units. Such were the curiae of history; their individualism is emphasised in the topography of the cemeteries. They are revealed in the remnants of early law operating along the lines of reciprocity and collusion. This nucleation was probably a result of demographic pressures; trade and technological innovation may also be considered contributory factors. Certainly these latter emerged as conditioning elements within the development of such communities. The separate units within the settlements practised an individual prestige-goods economy. Their powers were separate from those of the community as a whole. Such powers had to be curbed as the role of manufacture and trade increased. Thus the central, 'state' power grew, as may be seen in legal and historical developments. The aristocracies which had emerged had proved a destabilising factor in the state, for they maintained economic and sociopolitical practices which artificially supported secondary activities and separatist influences. As society became more complex, so the kin basis upon which it was founded proved inadequate. Changes in the demographic constitution of the community, overly competitive economic practice and increasing functional differentiation caused the creation of a public domain, one witnessed in various ways in the source material. Urbanisation was the end-result of the functioning of a prestige-goods economy in a society formed of distinctive groups prior to the initiation of large scale trade and manufacture. The competition inherent within such a society led ultimately to the unity of the urban system.

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The aim of this thesis is to examine the assumption that Norse settlement in western maritime Scotland was substantially less extensive and influential than in more northerly parts of the maritime zone. This assumption is based on comparison of the apparent ratios of Norse to Gaelic farm-names in these areas; and the observation that the inhabitants of the former were Gaelic-speaking in both the Early Historic and Later Medieval periods. In view of the virtual hiatus in the documentary record between c.AD 750 and c.AD 1150 and the unqualified nature of the place-name ratios, it is suggested that such evidence is misleading. The investigation which follows comprises a detailed case-study of the island of Islay. Although use is made of environmental, archaeological, historical and fiscal data, the main focus is on place-names. Emphasis is placed throughout on the processes by which names become implanted in the landscape and the factors which affect their survival afterwards. There are three sections. Background material for the study of Norse settlement is presented in the first. This includes: a detailed examination of the physical environment, an ethno-linguistic profile for the preNorse community and a review of the evidence for Norse activity in Islay specifically within the context of western maritime Scotland generally. Aspects of Dalriadan and Norse society are highlighted which prompt critical re-appraisal of theories on Norse settlement. It is suggested that this process was not without friction. It may have involved a certain amount of violent depopulation and almost certainly led to social dichotomisation between the Norse incomers and remaining natives. Section two comprises a theoretical and methodological introduction to place-name studies. Following an overview of basic theory, Islay sources and previous approaches to Norse settlement, a model is presented for the study of Islay's Norse place-names. While use is made of both habitative and nature names, the framework selected as most appropriate is Stephen MacDougall's map of 1749-51. As this provides typologically uniform coverage of all of the island's farm-districts from a period preceding the agrarian reforms and settlement re-organisation of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, it is more likely to reflect the settlement patterns and nomenclature of the Middle Ages than later yet more detailed sources. The third section, which constitutes the bulk of the thesis, concentrates on analysis of the place-name data presented in Appendices I and II. There are two main parts to this section. The linguistic back-ground, economic potential and spatial characteristics of individual farm-districts are examined in the first. Contrary to previous assumptions, it is noted that farm-districts with Norse names are spread fairly evenly across all land-types on the island. They are not primarily coastal, restricted to enclaves or less likely to include Iron Age fortifications than those with Gaelic names. Analysis of the distribution and linguistic categorisation of the nomenclature in view of post-Norse historical developments suggests that many of the island's Gaelic settlement names are the result of prestige immigration in the It century or later. This hypothesis is supported by linguistic investigation of the more common habitative generics shown on MacDougall's map. Magnus Olsen's User-group theory is then applied to the typology and distribution of ON nature-name material. It is argued that this too supports the idea of widespread Norse language use being replaced by a reintroduction of Gaelic and Gaelic naming practices. The second part of this section comprises an examination of land and territorial divisions. The fiscal 'extents' of later medieval and early modem Islay have long been considered anomalous in a Hebridean context. Examination of the historical and fiscal sources in conjunction with a geometric analysis of the farm-districts on MacDougall's map, suggests that Islay may once have been divided into the 'ounceland' units more familiar from surrounding areas. These findings are then developed in the context of ecclesiastic organisation. While certain aspects of Islay's later medieval parish system appear to reflect the military districts of the Senchus fer nAlban, it is argued that these survived through the intermediary of an Orcadian style leiðangr system of naval defence. It is concluded that while the Norse impact on Islay was less long-lived than in more northerly parts of maritime Scotland, it was not necessarily any less intense or destructive with regards to the pre-existing ethno-linguistic identity.

This qualitative case study aims to provide an understanding of people-environment relationships in El Naranjal, an expanding informal settlement in Caracas, Venezuela, against a backdrop of an episode of exceptionally intense rainfall that affected the north of the country in 2010. It is argued that the vulnerability of informal settlements to environmental risks such as weather-related events is shaped not only by the socio-economic particularities of the context in which these emerge, but also by the ways in which the inhabitants of these settlements experience, conceive and relate to their local environment. People-environment relationships are understood as multiple, complex and contextual, where environment comprises the physical, interpersonal, social and cultural aspects of the context that people interact with. The study demonstrates that an in-depth understanding of these relationships can be gained through exploring residents' experiences of place and communities in El Naranjal. Over a fieldwork period of eight months, data were gathered using in-depth and walking interviews, participant observation and group activities. Environment and environmental risks such as the impacts of rainfall were understood, experienced and related to differently by individuals with diverse needs and agendas. Residents' diverse experiences and responses are shaped by pre-existing issues of rapid irregular land occupation, socio-spatial segregation, poor infrastructure, lack of participation and government support within the communities of El Naranjal. This underlines some of the gaps between national policy-making on environmental, land tenure, risk management and community participation matters and residents' understandings and experiences of issues of their places and communities. Thus, this study emphasises the need to approach environmental risks as adding to, and amplifying the complex issues that residents of informal settlements deal with locally on a day-to-day basis. In doing so, it challenges views of informal settlement communities as homogeneous, illegal and paralysed by poverty. Instead, it highlights their central role in the making of cities, as well as their heterogeneity and capacity to innovate in the face of mounting risks.