This thesis is focused on describing methods of computation of global illumination of 3D graphics scenes in real-time. First chapter contains brief introduction to the issue of global illumination (GI) computation, as well as quick summarisation of principles of most commonly used GI computation approaches. A method of visibility computing for indirect illumination, taking advantage of Imperfect Shadow Mapping, is introduced next. After closer examination of this method and prerequisite algorithms follows a description of its practical implementation, as well as of the structure of simple demonstrative application. Next chapter then contains testing and brief examination and evaluation of resulting program's behaviour. Finally, a possible method extension by means of virtual point light clustering is proposed.

This thesis discusses two different methods for creating soft shadows. Shadow volumes and shadow mapping, more accurately Variance Soft Shadow Mapping. It presents theory for these shadow algorithms as well as theory for few others which are necessary for understanding. Further it describes how to implement these methods and evaluates these implementations. Shadow volumes are based on creating additional geometry to the scene which serves for specifying region of penumbra. VSSM algorithm is a improved version of classic shadow mapping.

The thesis is devoted to theoretical introduction of shade as a distinctive theme and an expressive element in the history of fine arts extending to the dramatic arts, film and photography, as well as specifications of shadow play as an expressive medium. The work also concentrates on the description of shade in terms of optics and visual perception, answers the question what a shadow is. In this thesis the analysis of both traditional and modern symbolism related to the phenomenon of shadow is not forgotten. A large part is dedicated to didactic analysis and brief characteristics of artproject methods and art series in art education, with regard to practical implications of work. The constituent part of the thesis was the preparation, realization and documentation of particular art series (set of art lessons) on topic "Shade and shadow play" in secondary schools.

The goal of this work is to create complete overview about existing techniques for real-time shadow computation in computer graphics. It describes theory of each technique and it's algorithm, as well as implementation details and practical usage. It completely informs about each technique features, problems, extensions, advantages and disadvantages for different situations and asks a question, if there is one all-solving shadow technique suitable for all purposes. In the end, the thesis compares all the techniques in their features, limitations and hardware usage.

i Abstract Recent financial crisis resulting in global financial instability pointed at the importance of growing shadow banking. Shadow banking activities are gen- erally defined as banking-like activities outside of regulated banking. In this thesis, we study theoretical background of shadow banking, its regulation and supervision. Despite the data availability problem, a qualitative analysis is performed to estimate the volume of the European and the U.S. shadow bank- ing sectors from 2006 until 2013 Q2. European shadow banking system hit its bottom of EUR 8.3 trillion (19% of total European bank assets) in 2008 Q4. Nowadays, it equals to EUR 9.3 trillion (21% of total European bank assets). U.S. shadow banking sector attained its maximum of USD 20.7 trillion (163% of total U.S. bank assets) in 2008 Q1. Nowadays, it equals to USD 15.6 tril- lion which also equals to total U.S. bank assets. Moreover, we concentrate on Chinese money market funds and French and UK repo markets, since these represent an important part of shadow banking. Quantitative analysis studies relationships among traditional banking, shadow banking and economy itself in France and UK. Results show that if repo transactions, GDP and government debt increase, total bank assets increase. Furthermore, if money market fund assets decrease and...

Title: Extent and Cause of Private Tutoringat Czech Primary School Summary: This dissertation explores the catch-up classes (shadow education) phenomenon and its forms. Presented research aims to map the scope and root causes of shadow education in the Czech primary/elementary school. Using a questionnaire for parents of primary school students, the research seeks answers how age, gender and social-economic family status relates to preferred form of this education type. The dissertation is based on the results of Mrs. M. Hoschl's research and develops it further. Research sample has been expanded to the area outside of the capital city. Attention has also been paid to comparison between the situation in the Czech Republic and foreign countries. Key words: shadow education - forms, scope, root-cause, shadow education of socially and/or culturally handicapped childre

[pt] O mapeamento de sombras é uma técnica de renderização amplamente utilizada para a geração de sombras de superfícies arbitrárias em tempo real. No entanto, devido a sua natureza amostrada, apresenta dois problemas de difícil resolução: o aspecto chamuscado de objetos e a aparência serrilhada das bordas das sombras. Em particular, o sombreamento de modelos CAD (Computer-Aided Design) apresenta desafios ainda maiores, devido à existência de objetos estreitos com silhuetas complexas e o elevado grau de complexidade em profundidade. Neste trabalho, fazemos uma análise detalhada dos problemas de chamuscamento e serrilhamento, revisando e completando trabalhos de diferentes autores. Apresentamos ainda algumas propostas para melhoria de algoritmos existentes: o alinhamento de amostras independente de programas de vértice, um parâmetro generalizado para o LiSPSM (Light- Space Perspective Shadow Map), e um esquema de particionamento adaptativo em profundidade. Em seguida, investigamos a eficácia de diferentes algoritmos quando aplicados a modelos CAD, avaliando-os em critérios como facilidade de implementação, qualidade visual e eficiência computacional. / [en] Shadow mapping is a widely used rendering technique for shadow generation on arbitrary surfaces. However, because of the limited resolution available for sampling the scene, the algorithm presents two difficult problems to be solved: the incorrect self-shadowing of objects and the jagged appearance of shadow borders, also known as aliasing. Generating shadows for CAD (Computer-Aided Design) models presents additional challenges, due to the existence of many thin complex-silhouette objects and the high depth complexity. In this work, we present a detailed analysis of self-shadowing and aliasing by reviewing and building on works from different authors. We also propose some impromevents to existing algorithms: sample alignment without vertex shaders, a generalized parameter for the LiSPSM (Light-Space Perspective Shadow Map) algorithm, and an adaptive z- partitioning scheme. Finally, we investigate the effectiveness of different algorithms when applied to CAD models, considering ease of implementation, visual quality and computational efficiency.

Submitted by PPG Engenharia El?trica (engenharia.pg.eletrica@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-08T12:48:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme_Silva_Dissertacao.pdf: 5806780 bytes, checksum: dd97b70975650b889aaa277b7e6f2b19 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-17T12:39:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme_Silva_Dissertacao.pdf: 5806780 bytes, checksum: dd97b70975650b889aaa277b7e6f2b19 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-17T12:50:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme_Silva_Dissertacao.pdf: 5806780 bytes, checksum: dd97b70975650b889aaa277b7e6f2b19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES

Rendering in computer graphics is the process of converting a three dimensional scene description into a two dimensional image. In this work we focus on high quality rendering, which has numerous applications in entertainment and visualization. Many films today are created either entirely or in concert with computationally generated imagery and serve as a vivid example of the benefits of high quality rendering. This dissertation consists of two parts, each presenting novel work in the field of high quality, high performance rendering. The first part proposes the use of volumetric occluders, or a collection of axis-aligned boxes placed within a polygonal model, to accelerate the rendering of shadows cast by the model while producing images identical to the unaccelerated baseline. We show that our approach performs well on single object scenes and extend our approach for use with scenes from a professional open source movie. Although the technique has not yet proven itself on these multi-object scenes, we identify the scene characteristics which are hampering the approach and show that in some cases it is still possible to achieve an improvement in performance. The second part of the dissertation presents a new way to determine micropolygon tessellation rate within a Reyes style renderer. Our new scheme, called final approach tessellation, evaluates the tessellation rate close to a Reyes surface rather than upon entry into its bounding box. Our determination of the tessellation rate is more aggressive than previous approaches, producing a more compact tessellation which in turn is faster to compute and requires less memory. Our evaluation shows that although final approach tessellation is promising in theory, it ultimately fails to improve performance on actual test scenes. / text

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:52:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 emerson.pdf: 14836315 bytes, checksum: 79412546c77261d1e9cce7b1fc8d0482 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study describes and analyzes the activities developed with Shadow Theatre in two workshops carried with educators in the city of Imbituba - SC, in the period between May and July, 2010. Ideas on (re)discovery of shadow and experience are debated throughout three phases of the research. In the first phase, the bibliographical survey subsidizes studies on historical and technical elements about the art of the Shadow Theater, emphasizing the work of the puppeteer, the screens, the luminous fountains and the silhouettes. The second and third phases are dedicated to the description and analysis of the workshops, in which the profile of the participants, the developed activities and theatrical games are presented, in addition to the materials used for the scenes. Part of the pedagogical procedures carried out in the workshops was based on the methodology proposed by Viola Spolin. Texts by scholars such as John Dewey, Walter Benjamin and Jorge Larrosa Bondía provided the theoretical support for the analyses of the experience. The study still stresses the procedures of scene creation and the final work presented to the public. It also highlights the presentation of the participants impressions and the workshop photos / O estudo descreve e analisa as atividades desenvolvidas com Teatro de Sombras em duas oficinas realizadas com educadores na cidade de Imbituba SC, no período de 04 de maio a 28 de julho de 2010. Ideias sobre (re)descoberta da sombra e experiência são debatidas ao longo das três etapas da pesquisa. Na primeira etapa, o levantamento bibliográfico subsidia estudos sobre elementos históricos e técnicos sobre a arte do Teatro de Sombras, enfatizando o trabalho do ator-animador, as telas, as fontes luminosas e as silhuetas. A segunda e a terceira etapa são dedicadas à descrição e análise das oficinas, nas quais são apresentados o perfil dos participantes, as atividades e os jogos teatrais desenvolvidos, além dos materiais utilizados na realização das cenas. Parte dos procedimentos pedagógicos realizados nas oficinas se apoiou na metodologia proposta por Viola Spolin. Textos de autores, como John Dewey, Walter Benjamin e Jorge Larrosa Bondía, subsidiaram teoricamente a realização das análises da experiência. O estudo destaca ainda os procedimentos de criação das cenas e o trabalho final apresentado ao público. O texto privilegia a apresentação das impressões dos participantes e fotos das oficinas