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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Tate-Shafarevich Groups of Jacobians of Fermat Curves

Levitt, Benjamin L. January 2006 (has links)
For a fixed rational prime p and primitive p-th root of unity ζ, we consider the Jacobian, J, of the complete non-singular curve give by equation yᵖ = xᵃ(1 − x)ᵇ. These curves are quotients of the p-th Fermat curve, given by equation xᵖ+yᵖ = 1, by a cyclic group of automorphisms. Let k = Q(ζ) and k(S) be the maximal extension of k unramified away from p inside a fixed algebraic closure of k. We produce a formula for the image of certain coboundary maps in group cohomology given in terms of Massey products, applicable in a general setting. Under specific circumstance, stated precisely below, we can use this formula and a pairing in the Galois cohomology of k(S) over k studied by W. McCallum and R. Sharifi in [MS02] to produce non-trivial elements in the Tate-Shafarevich group of J. In particular, we prove a theorem for predicting when the image of certain cyclotomic p-units in the Selmer group map non-trivially into X(k, J). / Q(zeta) and k_S be the maximal extension of k unramified away from p inside a fixed algebraic closure of k. We produce a formula for the image of certain coboundary maps in group cohomology given in terms of Massey products, applicable in a general setting. Under specific circumstance, stated precisely below, we can use this formula and a pairing in the Galois cohomology of k_S over k studied by W. McCallum and R. Sharifi to produce non-trivial elements in the Tate-Shafarevich group of J. In particular, we prove a theorem for predicting when the image of certain cyclotomic p-units in the Selmer group map non-trivially into Shah(k,J).
2

On non-square order Tate-Shafarevich groups of non-simple abelian surfaces over the rationals

Keil, Stefan 13 February 2014 (has links)
Bei elliptischen Kurven E/K über einem Zahlkörper K zwingt die Cassels-Tate Paarung die Ordnung der Tate-Shafarevich Gruppe Sha(E/K) zu einem Quadrat. Ist A/K eine prinzipal polarisierte abelschen Varietät, so ist bewiesen, daß die Ordnung von Sha(A/K) ein Quadrat oder zweimal ein Quadrat ist. William Stein vermutet, daß es für jede quadratfreie positive ganze Zahl k eine abelsche Varietät A/Q gibt, mit #Sha(A/Q)=kn². Jedoch ist es ein offenes Problem was zu erwarten ist, wenn die Dimension von A/Q beschränkt wird. Betrachtet man ausschließlich abelsche Flächen B/Q, so liefern Resultate von Poonen, Stoll und Stein Beispiele mit #Sha(B/Q)=kn², für k aus {1,2,3}. Diese Arbeit studiert tiefgehend nicht-einfache abelsche Flächen B/Q, d.h. es gibt elliptische Kurven E_1/Q und E_2/Q und eine Isogenie phi: E_1 x E_2 -> B. Relativ zur quadratischen Ordnung der Tate-Shafarevich Gruppe von E_1 x E_2 soll die Ordnung von Sha(B/Q) bestimmt werden. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen wird die Isogenie-Invarianz der Vermutung von Birch und Swinnerton-Dyer ausgenutzt. Für jedes k aus {1,2,3,5,6,7,10,13,14} wird eine nicht-einfache, nicht-prinzipal polarisierte abelsche Fläche B/Q konstruiert, mit #Sha(B/Q)=kn². Desweiteren wird computergestützt berechnet wie oft #Sha(B/Q)=5n², sofern die Isogenie phi: E_1 x E_2 -> B zyklisch vom Grad 5 ist. Es stellt sich heraus, daß dies bei circa 50% der ersten 20 Millionen Beispielen der Fall ist. Abschließend wird gezeigt, daß wenn phi: E_1 x E_2 -> B zyklisch ist und #Sha(B/Q)=kn², so liegt k in {1,2,3,5,6,7,10,13}. Bei allgemeinen Isogenien phi: E_1 x E_2 -> B bleibt es unklar, ob k nur endlich viele verschiedene Werte annehmen kann. Im Anhang wird auf abelsche Flächen eingegangen, welche isogen zu der Jacobischen J einer hyperelliptischen Kurve über Q sind. Mit den in dieser Arbeit entwickelten Techniken können, anhand gewisser zyklischer Isogenien phi: J -> B, für jedes k in {11,17,23,29} Beispiele mit #Sha(B/Q)=kn² gegeben werden. / For elliptic curves E/K over a number field K the Cassels-Tate pairing forces the order of the Tate-Shafarevich group Sha(E/K) to be a perfect square. It is known, that if A/K is a principally polarised abelian variety, then the order of Sha(A/K) is a square or twice a square. William Stein conjectures that for any given square-free positive integer k there is an abelian variety A/Q, such that #Sha(A/Q)=kn². However, it is an open question what to expect if the dimension of A/Q is bounded. Restricting to abelian surfaces B/Q, then results of Poonen, Stoll and Stein imply that there are examples such that #Sha(B/Q)=kn², for k in {1,2,3}. In this thesis we focus in depth on non-simple abelian surfaces B/Q, i.e. there are elliptic curves E_1/Q and E_2/Q and an isogeny phi: E_1 x E_2 -> B. We want to compute the order of Sha(B/Q) with respect to the order of the Tate-Shafarevich group of E_1 x E_2, which has square order. To achieve this goal, we explore the invariance under isogeny of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. For each k in {1,2,3,5,6,7,10,13,14} we construct a non-simple non-principally polarised abelian surface B/Q, such that #Sha(B/Q)=kn². Furthermore, we compute numerically how often the order of Sha(B/Q) equals five times a square, for cyclic isogenies phi: E_1 x E_2 -> B of degree 5. It turns out that this happens to be the case in approx. 50% of the first 20 million examples we have checked. Finally, we prove that if there is a cyclic isogeny phi: E_1 x E_2 -> B and #Sha(B/Q)=kn², then k is in {1,2,3,5,6,7,10,13}. For general isogenies phi: E_1 x E_2 -> B it remains unclear, whether there are only finitely many possibilities for k. In the appendix, we briefly consider abelian surfaces B/Q being isogenous to Jacobians J of hyperelliptic curves over Q. The techniques developed in this thesis allow to understand certain cyclic isogenies phi: J -> B. For each k in {11,17,23,29}, we provide an example with #Sha(B/Q)=kn².
3

Bornes polynomiales et explicites pour les invariants arakeloviens d'une courbe de Belyi

Javan Peykar, Ariyan 11 June 2013 (has links) (PDF)
On borne explicitement la hauteur de Faltings d'une courbe sur le corps de nombres algèbriques en son degré de Belyi. Des résultats similaires sont démontré pour trois autres invariants arakeloviennes : le discriminant, l'invariant delta et l'auto-intersection de omega. Nos résultats nous permettent de borner explicitement les invariantes arakeloviennes des courbes modulaires, des courbes de Fermat et des courbes de Hurwitz. En plus, comme application, on montre que l'algorithme de Couveignes-Edixhoven-Bruin est polynomial sous l'hypothèse de Riemann pour les fonctions zeta des corps de nombres. Ceci était connu uniquement pour certains sous-groupes de congruence. Finalement, on utilise nos résultats pour démontrer une conjecture de Edixhoven, de Jong et Schepers sur la hauteur de Faltings d'un revêtement ramifié de la droite projective sur l'anneau des entiers.
4

Explicit polynomial bounds for Arakelov invariants of Belyi curves / Bornes polynomiales et explicites pour les invariants arakeloviens d'une courbe de Belyi

Javan Peykar, Ariyan 11 June 2013 (has links)
On borne explicitement la hauteur de Faltings d'une courbe sur le corps de nombres algèbriques en son degré de Belyi. Des résultats similaires sont démontré pour trois autres invariants arakeloviennes : le discriminant, l'invariant delta et l'auto-intersection de omega. Nos résultats nous permettent de borner explicitement les invariantes arakeloviennes des courbes modulaires, des courbes de Fermat et des courbes de Hurwitz. En plus, comme application, on montre que l'algorithme de Couveignes-Edixhoven-Bruin est polynomial sous l’hypothèse de Riemann pour les fonctions zeta des corps de nombres. Ceci était connu uniquement pour certains sous-groupes de congruence. Finalement, on utilise nos résultats pour démontrer une conjecture de Edixhoven, de Jong et Schepers sur la hauteur de Faltings d'un revêtement ramifié de la droite projective sur l'anneau des entiers. / We explicitly bound the Faltings height of a curve over the field of algebraic numbers in terms of the Belyi degree. Similar bounds are proven for three other Arakelov invariants: the discriminant, Faltings' delta invariant and the self-intersection of the dualizing sheaf. Our results allow us to explicitly bound these Arakelov invariants for modular curves, Hurwitz curves and Fermat curves. Moreover, as an application, we show that the Couveignes-Edixhoven-Bruin algorithmtime under the Riemann hypothesis for zeta-functions of number fields. This was known before only for certain congruence subgroups. Finally, we utilize our results to prove a conjecture of Edixhoven, de Jong and Schepers on the Faltings height of a branched cover of the projective line over the ring of integers.

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