Thesis (M. Div.)--St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, Crestwood, N.Y., 2003. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 197-199).

Thesis (M. Div.)--St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, Crestwood, N.Y., 2003. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 197-199).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliography.

Thesis (M. Div.)--St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, Crestwood, N.Y., 2003. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 197-199).

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Background: Compassion Focused Therapy aims to reduce shame through the development of compassion towards the self (Gilbert & Proctor, 2006). In a recent meta-analysis, MacBeth & Gumley (2012), identified self-compassion as a good predictor of mental wellbeing in adult populations. In addition, Werner et al (2012) provided preliminary evidence that difficulties with self-compassion may contribute to the development and maintenance of social anxiety. Despite wide recognition that social anxiety arises in adolescence and can be a pre-cursor to the development of other psychological disorders, the relationship between self-compassion and social anxiety is yet to be explored in younger populations. Objective: The following portfolio aims to add to the current literature by firstly, completing a systematic review to examine whether the association between shame and social anxiety is supported by empirical research and secondly, examining the relationship between self-compassion and social anxiety in an adolescent community sample. The role of recognised cognitive factors of social anxiety i.e. fear of negative evaluation, self-focused attention and cognitive avoidance in mediating the relationship between self-compassion and social anxiety and the role of possible confounders i.e. depression and generalised anxiety were also examined. Method: A systematic review of studies that assess the association between shame and social anxiety symptomology was undertaken. The empirical study comprised a cross-sectional design in which 414 community based adolescents, aged 14-18, were recruited from 4 local schools to complete 7 validated psychometric questionnaires: Self-compassion Scale (Neff, 2003), The Social Phobia Inventory (Connor et al, 2000), the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (LaGreca, 1998), The Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (Gosselin et al, 2002), the Self Consciousness Scales (Fenigstein et al, 1975), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (Birmaher et al, 1995) and the Short Mood and Feeling Questionnaire (Angold et al, 1995). Systematic Review Results: Twenty one studies met the inclusion criteria of the systematic review and demonstrated a positive association between shame and social anxiety symptomology. Methodological factors, depression and gender were found to impact on the power of this association. Empirical Project Results: Self-compassion was found to be inversely related to social anxiety, r=-.551, p < .0001, 95%CI[-.62, .48], with both fear of negative evaluation and cognitive avoidance, but not self-focused attention, partially mediating this relationship. Self-compassion was found to be a unique predict of social anxiety, explaining additional variance when depression and generalised anxiety were controlled for. Conclusions: The above studies extend existing literature on the relationship between shame, social anxiety and self-compassion. In particular the use of an adolescent sample provides evidence of the usability and applicability of self-compassion concepts with younger populations. Similarly, the above studies expand our understanding of the concepts underlying social anxiety, specifically in adolescents, for whom social anxiety is extremely prevalent. It is hoped that the above research may highlight associations in need of further investigation, in particular with clinical samples, and inform the development of compassion focused adaptations or interventions for this population.

Humiliation as an emotion may result from everyday interactions between migrants and members of the host country by which the former feels unjustly rejected by the latter. The present study aimed to extend our understanding of whether humiliation influences the acculturation and adaptation processes of migrants. The following issues were addressed: (1) the behaviour and emotional responses to humiliation, (2) the behavioural implications of humiliation for the acculturation strategies, (3) the influence of acculturation strategies on sociocultural and psychological adaptation and (4) the moderating role of a humiliating climate in society on the relationship between acculturation strategies and sociocultural/ psychological adaptation. These issues were addressed in a cross-sectional study which was conducted with migrants (N = 132) residing in Johannesburg, South Africa. The results showed that the behavioural responses to humiliation are indeed dependent on the accompanying emotions of anger and shame. In addition, the present study showed that the behavioural implications of humiliation indeed influenced the acculturation strategies. For instance, relationship-challenging responses to humiliation were likely to lead participants to separate and integrate less, while relationship-maintaining responses were likely to lead participants to integrate. In line with previous findings, the results also showed that integration is the most preferred, while assimilation is the least preferred acculturation strategy. Lastly, only the relationship between integration and sociocultural adaptation revealed to be conditional on a humiliating climate in society. / Psychology

The term “moral injury” has recently been introduced to describe psychopathology resulting from perpetrating or bearing witness to an event that transgresses deeply held moral beliefs, typically in relation to military service. Two studies examined relations between potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) during military service, self-conscious emotions, and negative mental health outcomes. The potential moderating contributions of social support and psychopathic personality traits on these relations were also assessed. A subset of 40 of the 501 veterans who completed a detailed on-line survey was also interviewed to gain a more thorough understanding of individual experiences. Veterans who had experienced higher numbers of PMIEs were significantly more likely to experience depression symptoms and suicidal ideation, as well as guilt and shame related to their military service, but high levels of social support decreased the likelihood of negative mental health outcomes and subsequent guilt and shame; psychopathic personality traits did not moderate these relations. Qualitative analysis of the interviews confirmed that social support plays a key role in the prevention of moral injury-related symptoms. Social support was crucial to reintegration after deployment for many veterans. Results indicate that adequate social support following PMIEs may reduce the likelihood of psychopathology. Implications of this study and future directions are discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:58:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 soldera_lm_me_assis.pdf: 384191 bytes, checksum: b5c9a936b28bec8661c17122032543eb (MD5) / Neste trabalho visou-se identificar se há presença do sentimento da vergonha em “trecheiros” (nômades) no mundo contemporâneo e quais significados são construídos na vida dessas pessoas. Tal compreensão foi efetuada a partir do questionamento sobre o sujeito, a sua história, sua relação com o grupo e com a sociedade. Em tal perspectiva visou realizar uma análise, considerando as articulações entre o social e o psiquismo, a questão dos sujeitos nas ciências humanas e sociais. Assim, definiu-se como objetivo geral: compreender as múltiplas facetas da vergonha na vivência de “trecheiros” e os significados dessa condição no mundo contemporâneo. Isso levou a estudos sobre as características da vergonha e os diferentes tipos desse sentimento que aparecem nos trecheiros. A pesquisa se fundamentou na abordagem psicossociológica e o material de estudo foi constituído por relatos de oitos “trecheiros” que fazem uso dos serviços do C.A.M. (Centro Atendimento ao Migrante) de Assis – SP. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semi-dirigidas, com duração variável. Com o desenvolvimento desse trabalho, buscou-se contribuir para a compreensão do sentimento da vergonha e de como ela interfere na vida das pessoas, tentando compreender o sujeito sobre si mesmo e no meio social em que faz parte, e deste modo, colaborar com estudos e reflexões acerca da vivência do indivíduo no contexto atual / On this research it was intended to identify the feeling of shame among “trecheiros” (nomads) in the contemporary world and which meanings are built on those people’s lives. Such comprehension was achieved by questioning the subjects, their histories, their relationship with groups and society. In this perspective an analysis was made, considering the articulations between the social sphere and psychism, the query of subjects in social sciences. Therefore, a general objective was outlined: to understand the multiple facets of shame in the lives of the “trecheiros”, and also the meanings of this condition in the contemporary world. This understanding led the study to the characteristics of shame and the different types of this feeling, which appear on the “trecheiros”. The research was based on a psychosociological approach and the material was composed of narration of eight “trecheiros” who use the services of the C.A.M. (Centro Atendimento ao Migrante - Migrant Care Center), in Assis, state of São Paulo. Data was obtained through semi-structured qualitative interviews, which had unfixed length of time. This research has sought contribution to the understanding of the feeling of shame and how it interferes on people’s lives, trying to comprehend the subjects over themselves and the milieu to which they belong, and by doing so, the contribution to the studies and reflection over the experience of life of individuals in the current context

M.A. (Clinical Psychology) / Despite similarities, shame is expressed differently among individuals. The aim of this study is to explore the lived experience of shame in two female victims of acquaintance rape. Using the tenets of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), a case study approach was adopted. The findings revealed how the female victims' relationship with the known assailants influenced the experience of shame. Moreover, encountering acquaintance rape twice had implications for how shame was experienced. For instance, intense self-blame and the belief in being inherently flawed was evident. Of equal importance, in both women, anger manifested primarily as indignation. Furthermore, shame manifested primarily as feeling dirty and having elements of moral impurity. However, shame did not affect the self-identity of one of the participants; instead she displayed resistance to the notion of shame affecting her global self. Thus, the study concluded that despite similarities in some features, the manifestation of shame in the context of acquaintance rape is different from in other contexts. These findings have implications for future research and clinical practice. Ultimately, this study adds to the discourse on shame in women in the context of acquaintance rape in South Africa. Moreover, it provides a theoretical framework that enables the therapist or healthcare worker to intervene with clients in such a context.