The concept of humiliation has not received much attention from political theorists, despite the fact that themes related to dignity, respect, and honour have become more prominent in recent years. Contributions to the literature in political theory and related disciplines that do focus on humiliation tend to cast humiliation in one particular mould: as a violation of human dignity or equality, or as the emotional response to such a violation. Writers who take this view of humiliation often conclude that liberal democratic states and other actors committed to liberal democratic principles should not engage in humiliation. In this thesis, I provide an in-depth examination of the concept of humiliation, clarifying certain features of humiliation that are presented ambiguously in the current literature. I emphasise the complexity of humiliation and the variety of forms it can take, beyond the violation of human dignity or equality. Humiliation can, for instance, consist of damage to the images of relatively powerful individuals or groups. I then argue that normative conclusions about the responsibilities of actors committed to liberal democratic principles vis-à-vis humiliation ought to be more nuanced than the conclusions found in much of the current literature. In some circumstances, these actors may legitimately engage in action that constitutes and/or leads to humiliation in order to uphold liberal democratic principles. But I also endorse certain concerns regarding this kind of action. Decisions about the proper approach to humiliation on the part of actors committed to liberal democratic principles should be made, I argue, with sensitivity to the particular political context.

Humiliation as an emotion may result from everyday interactions between migrants and members of the host country by which the former feels unjustly rejected by the latter. The present study aimed to extend our understanding of whether humiliation influences the acculturation and adaptation processes of migrants. The following issues were addressed: (1) the behaviour and emotional responses to humiliation, (2) the behavioural implications of humiliation for the acculturation strategies, (3) the influence of acculturation strategies on sociocultural and psychological adaptation and (4) the moderating role of a humiliating climate in society on the relationship between acculturation strategies and sociocultural/ psychological adaptation. These issues were addressed in a cross-sectional study which was conducted with migrants (N = 132) residing in Johannesburg, South Africa. The results showed that the behavioural responses to humiliation are indeed dependent on the accompanying emotions of anger and shame. In addition, the present study showed that the behavioural implications of humiliation indeed influenced the acculturation strategies. For instance, relationship-challenging responses to humiliation were likely to lead participants to separate and integrate less, while relationship-maintaining responses were likely to lead participants to integrate. In line with previous findings, the results also showed that integration is the most preferred, while assimilation is the least preferred acculturation strategy. Lastly, only the relationship between integration and sociocultural adaptation revealed to be conditional on a humiliating climate in society. / Psychology

L'application des pratiques de gestion inhumaines (PGI) conforme un phénomène qui ne tient pas en considération l'horizon philosophique du projet culturel moderne fondé sur un corpus idéologique, juridique et politique reconnaissant l'humanité de toutes les personnes. La perspective théorique sur les PGI que nous présentons ici permet d'examiner et de définir les mauvais traitements provenant des décisions de gestion qui sont adoptées et mises en œuvre à partir d'une rationalité instrumentale et sans tenir compte de la souffrance qu'elles peuvent causer aux travailleurs. Les PGI sont caractérisées par l'utilisation de moyens intimidants et dégradants qui visent à éliminer ceux qui sont considérés comme gênants ou superflus par une direction dont l'unique but est de triompher sur le marché globalisé, régi par la loi de la rentabilité maximum de l'investissement. Les PGI dans les organisations contemporaines ne rendent pas compte d'une condition essentielle de la conduite humaine, pour autant nous ne les abordons pas dans une perspective généraliste, mais depuis la spécificité d'un lieu et d'un temps déterminés. De là, surgit l'intérêt pour déterminer pourquoi et comment l'on porte atteinte, dans le contexte local, à l'humanité du travailleur à travers les PGI. S'il est vrai que dans le milieu du travail, il existe une relation de subordination incontournable, nous soulignons, pour l'analyse des PGI, le rôle des sciences humaines, car à partir de celles-ci il est possible de repérer des contextes, des situations, des tensions, ainsi que les causes et les divers facteurs qui interviennent pour que dans le monde de l'entreprise contemporain certaines directions transgressent les principes qui régissent un traitement humain. Les organisations doivent donc reconnaître et faire valoir les postulats qui sous-tendent « l'idéal » selon lequel tous les travailleurs sont des êtres dignes, libres, égaux, autonomes, respectables qui ont le droit per se au bien vivre. La souffrance psychique provoquée par le mauvais traitement dans le milieu de l'entreprise est le résultat de la violation des droits de l'homme, l'humiliation et la honte sont des sentiments qui surgissent chez la personne que l'on méprise et que l'on déshumanise. Nous avons pu démontrer à partir de ce travail de terrain ethnographique (il est structuré en deux récits : perspective des cadres et perspective des ouvriers) dans l'organisation C-Colombia (1993-2005), que le pouvoir et l'autorité dans cette entreprise ont toujours été utilisés pour favoriser une gestion inhumaine, incapable de reconnaître une série de conflits et de tensions pouvant se déchiffrer et se résoudre techniquement et moralement d'une façon plus respectueuse de la dignité des travailleurs dans la ligne d'une administration moderne humanisée.Mots clés : Inhumanité, Travail, Entreprise, Pratiques de gácticas administrativaestion inhumaines, Violence au travail, Humilliation, Mauvais traitement, Honte / Inhumane Administrative Practices (IAP) refer to certain systematic, calculated and planned violent exercises on the part of management, by which the termination of contracts with workers who are considered to be replaceable or are disruptive to the instrumental ends of an organization are possible. The theoretical perspective of IAP presented here examines and details strategies, actions, omissions and other administrative acts through which workers are mistreated, humiliated and shamed, so that they passively submit to productive dynamics, reject the possibility to join unions, accept “voluntary work arrangements”, or quit their labor affiliation. IAP is characterized, therefore, by the use of intimidation and degrading methods that injure the humanity of workers in the context of a production logic centered on the laws of the market and maximization of profits. IAP in organizations does not go against the essential condition of human behavior; therefore, it is not carried out from a generalist perspective, but rather from the specificity of place and prescribed timeframes. For this reason the practices through which IAP violates workers' humanity are characterized at the local level. In this study, conceptual reference in humanities are applied and are fundamental to examine the relationship of labor subordination, which, while it is possible to eliminate, is a continually weakening factor because of an abuse of power that fails to recognize working people as individuals who are dignified, free, equal, autonomous, respectable and therefore, individuals who have the right to a good life.The creation of a theoretical framework, then, seeks to contribute to the epistemological foundation that provides new analytical elements to the science of management in order to focus concrete practices of workplace violence far from the philosophical perspective of a modern culture with ideological, legal and political foundations that recognize the human condition of every person. Ethnographic fieldwork was carried out in the organization C-Colombia between 1993-2005 and is presented in two accounts: one from the perspective of management and another from the perspective of workers. The result demonstrates that power and authority in this enterprise was always applied with disregard to psychological human suffering. This behavior is a product of mistreatment and humiliation of workers, and is incapable of applying alternative approaches to those of narcissistic and productionist ends, in order to resolve problems that could be dealt with technically and morally in a more dignified manner.Key words: Inhumanity, work, enterprise, inhumane administrative practices, workplace violence, humiliation, mistreatment, shame.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-152).

Thesis advisor: Marjorie E. Howes / This work applies current theories of affect to inform an understanding of the role of shame in the process of narration. It begins with a dual-sided hypothesis: experiences of humiliation and its consequence, shame, can initiate and mediate a narrative act, and the narrative process can immediately or over time mitigate and even eliminate the negative feelings of shame. The project particularly draws upon the pioneering affect theories of Silvan S. Tomkins to focus upon the life and written works of Willa Cather. It discovers and traces a poetics of shame as it occurs throughout the narratives she produced over a lifetime. It highlights how the Cathers’ forced migration from Virginia to Nebraska resulted in a loss of class and status as well as alterations in family dynamics. These disruptions created the foundations for her perceived humiliations and the shame that motivated her use of recurrent scenes, characters, narrative resolutions and even the very language she chose. This study emphasizes the usefulness of the application of affect studies for literary criticism and cultural studies. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: English.

Humiliation is a negative, self-conscious emotion that is experienced because of a psychological discrepancy between an individual’s self-concept and how s/he perceives others as viewing him/her. The questions addressed in the present research were whether humiliation can be experienced as a group-based emotion, what are the emotional and behavioural consequences, and what role does ingroup identification play? In line with the intergroup emotion theory (Smith et al., 2007) and related research, three experiments were conducted to address these questions. The results showed that participants reported to feel humiliation on behalf of a humiliated ingroup member. The results further implied that the behavioural responses such as withdrawal and revenge to group-based humiliation depend on the accommodating emotions such as shame and anger. The results addressing the role of ingroup identification were rather ambiguous. The implications of the present research are outlined in detail with regard to the current discourse on intergroup emotions. / Unisa Grow Your Own Timber Programme / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology (Research Consultation))

This thesis examined the nature, experience and consequences of humiliation among Dalits (ex-Untouchables) in India (and also among UK students for comparative purposes). Social psychological research looks at humiliation as automatic, extreme and intense emotion which often leads to extreme and irrational behaviors (Lindner, 2002; Otten & Jonas, 2014; Elison & Harter, 2007). The research in this thesis contested this view and underlined the need to look at humiliation as 1) inherently relational or dynamic in nature, 2) a distinguishably group level phenomenon and 3) a mobilised phenomenon. Study 1 analysed the experiences of humiliation among Dalits and conceptualised humiliation as a complex social encounter in which one party attempts to diminish identity of another party. Study 1 also identified important dimensions of humiliating encounters that were examined in subsequent studies. Studies 2 - 3 manipulated perspective (victim or witness) and target of devaluation (personal identity or social identity) in a humiliating encounter and showed that the nature of humiliation and how it is experienced depends upon the way in which identities are defined in a humiliating encounter. Both UK students (Study 2) and Dalit participants (Study 3) confirmed the collective experience of humiliation i.e. one can feel humiliated simply by witnessing humiliation of another group member. Studies- 4 - 7 manipulated victim's response (resistance vs. compliance) during a humiliating encounter. These studies showed that humiliation is an encounter within power relations and victims of humiliation possess choice and agency to change the outcome of humiliating encounters. Study 8 analysed the humiliation rhetoric in the speeches of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, the most important of Dalits leaders, and showed that the way in which humiliating encounter is resolved depends upon the mobilisation processes which can even change the nature of identities and, therefore, the nature of experience of the encounter.

Nesta tese de doutorado, apresentamos e examinamos memórias de escritoras negras brasileiras e moçambicanas. Além disso, fazemos uma aproximação entre temas enfrentados por depoimentos e por textos literários das escritoras. As entrevistadas, a pesquisadora e os autores eleitos para a pesquisa emergem ali como diferentes vozes, mas de mesma dignidade comunicativa, todas participando do diálogo estabelecido na tese. Foram, portanto, duas nossas fontes de dados. De um lado, a pesquisa organizou-se pela análise conteudista de obras literárias, quatro livros de contos As andorinhas (Paulina Chiziane), Insubmissas lágrimas de mulheres (Conceição Evaristo), Malungos e milongas (Esmeralda Ribeiro) e Ninguém matou Suhura (Lilia Momplé) , aí privilegiando a atenção ao quadro social dos textos tal como se deixou apanhar no interior de cada obra (o contexto político, cultural e histórico das tramas) e aos seguintes temas: a pobreza, a condição dos negros, a subordinação da mulher, as respostas de mulheres a eventos ou circunstâncias de racismo e sexismo (respostas ao rebaixamento econômico-político longamente formado contra mulheres negras, o que necessariamente incluiu respostas à opressão e reificação da mulher negra, respostas à subordinação e aos atributos de coisa que lhe foram historicamente impingidos). Por outro lado, a pesquisa recorreu a entrevistas semidirigidas e ao exame de depoimentos: os mesmos temas, primeiro tirados da literatura, foram retomados em conversas diretas com cada uma das quatro escritoras / In this Doctorate thesis, we present and examine memories of Brazilian and Mozambican black female writers. Furthermore, we make an association between themes faced by the authors testimonies and literary pieces. The interviewees, the researcher and the authors chosen for the research emerge as distinct voices, but of equal communicative dignity, all of whom taking part in the dialogue established in the thesis. Therefore, there were two data sources. On one hand, the research was organized by content analysis of literary works, four short-story books As andorinhas (Paulina Chiziane), Insubmissas lágrimas de mulheres (Conceição Evaristo), Malungos e milongas (Esmeralda Ribeiro) and Ninguém matou Suhura (Lilia Momplé) , favoring attention to the texts social picture as apprehended from within each work (the political, cultural, and historical context of the plots) and to the following themes: poverty, the condition of the black people, womens subordination, womens responses to events or circumstances of racism and sexism (responses to the economic and political demotion long formed against black women, which necessarily included responses to the oppression and reification of black women, responses to the subordination and to the thing attributes that were historically imposed on them). On the other hand, the research resorted to semi-guided interviews and to the examination of testimonies: the same themes, first taken from the literature, were recovered in direct conversation with each of the four writers

O caráter opressivo da produção capitalista não se encontra apenas em seu regime de propriedade ou extração de mais-valia, mas assume incomparável visibilidade na organização mesma do trabalho fabril e na experiência que se tem dele. Este trabalho buscou investigar, através de uma pesquisa de campo em regime de observação participante, as relações entre a organização e a experiência do trabalho numa metalúrgica da região do ABC paulista. Durante dois anos, um dia por semana, o cargo de ajudante geral foi assumido pelo pesquisador. O foco da pesquisa privilegiou a experiência de trabalho na fábrica: as formas de relacionamento dos homens entre si, com as máquinas e a matéria do trabalho. Pelo testemunho de uma experiência pessoalmente assumida e pelo contato e conversas com os trabalhadores, buscamos os episódios e as palavras que nos pareceram melhor descrevê-la. Autores como Simone Weil, Karl Marx, Lucien Goldmann, Ecléa Bosi e José Moura Gonçalves Filho ajudaram a balizar esta investigação. As perguntas que procuramos responder foram sobretudo as seguintes: 1) a experiência de trabalho ainda se caracteriza. como expôs Simone Weil, pela transformação do homem em um instrumento de trabalho fabril, pelo impedimento da participação na organização e planejamento das atividades? 2) Corno reagem os operários ao trabalho fabril? 3) Desde então, quais transformações da organização do trabalho poderíamos vislumbrar e que seriam favoráveis aos operários? As atividades fabris, tais como realizadas. assumem a figura de um processo maquinal, rápido, esquemático, e não a genuína figura de um trabalho humano. A impossibilidade de participação na organização das tarefas impede que elas sejam vividas com interioridade ou que abriguem formas de aparição pessoal. Ainda assim, os trabalhadores, através das iniciativas e movimentações no chão-de-fábrica, empenham formas de resistir a este esvaziamento de suas atividades / The oppressiveness of the capitalist production does not only features in its regime of propriety or in the extraction rise, but assumes incomparable visibility in the manufacturing work itself and in the experience one can have from it. This study soughts investigate, through a field research with participant observation, the relations between the institution and the working experience in a workshop metallurgy of ABC. For two years, once a week, the post of general helper was taken over by the researcher. The main focus was in the work experience in the workshop: sorts of relationship among the workers, between the workers and the machines, and between them and the final product. By the report of a personal experience and the record of conversations with the workers, we looked for the episodes and the words that most seemed to well describe it. Authors such as Simone Weil, Karl Marx, Lucien Goldmann, Hannah Arendt, Ecléa Bosi and José Moura Gonçalves Filho were the main theoretical references for this investigation. The questions addressed to this study were: 1) Is the working experience still characterized by the transformation of men into an instrument of the manufacturing work, by their exclusion in the organization and planning of activities, as exposed by Simone Weil? 2) How do the workers react to lhe manufacturing work? 3) What transformations of the work organization could be favorable to the workers? The manufacturing activities, as accomplished, assume the aspect of a mechanical, fast, schematic process, and not the genuine aspect of a human work. Yet, the workers find ways of resistance from this emptying of their activities

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:32:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Eduarda Hasselmann de Oliveira Lyrio Searson.pdf: 612962 bytes, checksum: 975f395697a6cd0c9a5a701bc5c831c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / There are not many specific studies about social humiliation. However, a new interest in the theme, evidenced by studies, theses, thematic meetings and websites, as well as a noticeable increase in legislative measures, has appeared as a response to the deterioration of human relationships in recent times. From a psychoanalytical perspective, this study will try to contribute to this theme. To consider humiliation as the suffering of a sole subject and also of many people, is to understand humiliation as a social phenomenon, caused by the tension and contradiction of the inseparable relationship between the subject and society. This analysis aims to avoid the victimization of the humiliated, in order to investigate the relevant subjective, social and political aspects that cause the human being to put himself in this place of extreme suffering, making it difficult for him to swap from the position of object of jouissance of the Other to the position of a subject who desires / Não são muitos os estudos específicos sobre a humilhação social. Entretanto, recentemente, temos testemunhado um renovado interesse pelo tema, materializado em trabalhos, teses, encontros temáticos e websites, além da notável proliferação de produções legislativas que se apresenta como resposta à deterioração das relações humanas na contemporaneidade. A partir do referencial teórico da Psicanálise, procuraremos contribuir também para uma reflexão sobre o assunto. Refletir a humilhação como uma dor do sujeito, e ainda de muitos sujeitos, é pensar a humilhação enquanto fenômeno social decorrente das tensões e contradições da relação inseparável entre sujeito e sociedade. Com esta análise, buscamos afastar uma vitimização do humilhado para investigar os processos subjetivos, sociais e políticos envolvidos que contribuem para que o ser humano ocupe esse lugar de sofrimento extremo, inviabilizando o seu deslocamento da posição de objeto de gozo do Outro para a posição de sujeito desejante