Kristin Clippard's MFA Thesis Project: A Director's Mash-up of She Stoops to Conquer or the Mistakes of a Night by Oliver Goldsmith

This study evaluated the impacts of shallow and deep open drains on groundwater levels and drain performance under varying climate scenarios and irrigation application rates. The MIKE SHE model used for this study is an advanced and fully spatially distributed hydrological model. Three drain depths, climates and irrigation application rates were considered. The drains depths included 0, 1 and 2 m deep drains. The annual rainfall and meteorological data were collected from study area from 1976 to 2004 and analysed to identify the typical wet, average and dry years within the record. Similarly three irrigation application rates included 0, 10 and 16 ML/ha-annum. All together twenty seven scenarios (3 drains depths, 3 climates and 3 irrigation application rates) were simulated. The observed soil physical and hydrological data were used to calibrate and validate the model. Mean square error (R[superscript]2) of the simulated and observed water table data varied from 0.7 to 0.87. Once validated the MIKE SHE model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of 1 and 2 metre deep drains. The simulated water table depth, unsaturated zone deficit, exchange between unsaturated and saturated zones, drain outflow and overland flow were used to analyse their performance. The modeling results showed that the waterlogging was extensive and prolonged during winter months under the no drainage and no irrigation scenario. In the wet climate scenario, the duration of water logging was longer than in the average climate scenario during the winter months. In the dry climate scenario no waterlogging occurred during the high rainfall period. The water table reached soil surface during the winter season in the case of wet and average climate. For the dry climate, the water table was about 0.9 metres below soil surface during winter. / One and 2 metre deep drains lowered the water table up to 0.9 and 1.8 metres in winter for the wet climate when there was no irrigation application. One metre deep drains proved effective in controlling water table during wet and average climate without application of irrigation water. One metre deep drains were more effective in controlling waterlogging a in wet, average and dry years when the irrigation application rate was 10 ML/ha-annum. With 16 ML/ha-annum irrigation application, 1 metre deep drains did not perform as efficiently as 2 metre deep drains in controlling the water table and waterlogging. In the dry climate scenario, without irrigation application, 1 metre deep drains were not required as there was not enough flux from rainfall and irrigation to raise the water table and create waterlogging risks. Two metre deep drains lowered the water table to greater depths in the wet, average and dry climate scenarios respectively when no irrigation was applied. They managed water table better in wet and average climate with 10 and 16 ML/ha-annum irrigation application rate. Again in the dry climate, without irrigation application 2 metre deep drains were not required as there was a minimal risk of waterlogging. The recharge to the groundwater table in the no drainage case was far greater than for the 1 and 2 metre deep drainage scenarios. The recharge was higher in case of 1 metre deep drains than 2 metre deep drains in wet and average climate during winter season. / There was no recharge to ground water with 1 and 2 metre deep drains under the dry climate scenarios and summer season without irrigation application as there was not enough water to move from the ground surface to the unsaturated and saturated zones. When 10 ML/ha-annum irrigation rate was applied during wet, average and dry climate respectively, 1 metre deep drains proved enough drainage to manage the recharge into the groundwater table with a dry climate. For the wet and average climate scenarios, given a 10 ML/ha-annum irrigation application rate, 2 metre deep drains managed recharge better than 1 metre deep drains. Two metres deep drains with a 10 ML/ha-annum irrigation application rate led to excessive drainage of water from the saturated zone in the dry climate scenario. Two metres deep drains managed recharge better with a 16 ML/ha-annum irrigation application rate in the wet and average climate scenarios than the 1 metre deep drains. Two metres deep drains again led to excessive drainage of water from the saturated zone in dry climate. In brief, 1 metre deep drains performed efficiently in the wet and average climate scenarios with and without a 10 ML/ha-annum irrigation application rate. One metre deep drains are not required for the dry climate scenario. Two metre deep drains performed efficiently in the wet and average climate scenarios with 16 ML/ha-annum irrigation application rate. Two metre deep drains are not required for the dry climate scenario.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--York University, 2008. Graduate Programme in Education. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-132). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR45946

I shall argue in this thesis that Zakes Mda's novels Ways of Dying (l995a) and She Plays with the Darkness (1995b) are magic realist texts that are representative of the hybrid nature of this literary mode. Furthermore I shall demonstrate that Ways of Dying (l995a) and She Plays with the Darkness (1995b) share common elements with a variety of magic realist texts. Mda's own creative and literary consciousness has been shaped by an intellectual background stemming from tertiary education at Ph.D level, his teaching positions at various international universities, and his knowledge of African folk-culture. The seemingly contesting streams of Western education and African mysticism are not presented as sources of conflict in Mda's novels, but rather as syncretic forces of potential transformative power. Mda displays in his project as a novelist, the continuing concerns of black writers who saw the novel as a tool for socio-political change. My thesis therefore also investigates the extent to which Mda's use of magic realism in the novels mentioned above, signals a radical shift in literary representation by South African black writers who wrote in English. Mda's novels transcend Black Consciousness-inspired protest that characterised black literature in the 1970's and 1980's. His use of tropes associated with magic realism, African folk-culture, the apocalyptic and carnivalesque has enabled him to create a discursive space for South African black writers on the international stage, and foregrounds a movement towards literature that offers opposition to being classified as merely ''black writing". The death of the old order in South Africa and the birth of a new one, invites questioning and analysis of the position of the self during a period of cataclysmic change. That the apocalypse brings with it both death and renewal could be seen within the context of post modernist visions of the erosion of the self and death as the ultimate reality. Mda's novels, Ways of Dying (l995a) and She Plays with the Darkness (1995b), are the first English narratives by a South Afiican black author that can claim affinities with postcolonial writers such as Carpentier, Marquez, Okri and Rushdie. These writers reflect in their narratives, the infinite possibilities of magic realism in reclaiming the self submerged by the colonial experience. I shall attempt, in Chapter One, a survey of specific theoretical assumptions relevant to magic realism. Chapter Two will provide biographical details of Zakes Mda the playwright, poet, theatre practitioner, film producer and novelist and the importance of magic realism in his writings. Chapter Three is an analysis of Mda's published plays and points to the early uses of elements consistent with magic realism in his work. Chapters Four and Five are investigations into Mda's use of magic realism in Ways of Dying (1995) and She Plays with the Darkness (1995), respectively. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1998.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of History, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Αντικείμενο της παρούσας εργασίας αποτελεί η εφαρμογή του μοντέλου βροχής-απορροής MIKE-SHE στο ορεινό τμήμα της λεκάνης του Γλαύκου. Σκοπός της μελέτης ήταν η διαμόρφωση της εσωτερικής δομής του MIKE-SHE έτσι ώστε να προσομοιώνει την διαδικασία της απορροής στην λεκάνη του Γλαύκου, η βαθμονόμηση των παραμέτρων του και η σύγκριση των αποτελεσμάτων των μοντέλων βροχής-απορροής MIKE-SHE και ENNS (Nachtnebel et al., 1993). Η ρύθμιση του μοντέλου ENNS πραγματοποιήθηκε στα πλαίσια της εργασίας των Kaleris and Langousis (2012). Ειδικότερα, στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο της εργασίας καθορίζεται η περιοχή μελέτης, τα χαρακτηριστικά της και τα δεδομένα εισαγωγής στο υδρολογικό μοντέλο MIKE SHE. Τα μορφολογικά χαρακτηριστικά αποτελούν η γεωμετρία, η γεωλογία και οι χρήσεις γης της λεκάνης απορροής. Επιπλέον παρουσιάζονται τα διαθέσιμα δεδομένα(βροχόπτωση, θερμοκρασία, μετρημένη απορροή) και η αξιολόγησή τους Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο περιγράφεται η αδρομερής μορφή του μοντέλου MIKE-SHE, η οποία χρησιμοποιήθηκε για την προσομοίωση. Για τις επιμέρους διαδικασίες επιλέχτηκαν οι εξής τρόποι υπολογισμού: η επιφανειακή ροή υπολογίζεται με την εξίσωση του Manning, η ροή στην ακόρεστη ζώνη με την μέθοδο του υδατικού ισοζυγίου (απλοποιημένη ροή μέσω μακροπόρων και μοντέλο κατείσδυσης Green and Ampt) και η υπεδάφια απορροή με τη μέθοδο του γραμμικού ταμιευτήρα. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο περιγράφεται η διαδικασία βαθμονόμησης των παραμέτρων του μοντέλου MIKE-SHE και παρουσιάζονται οι αναλύσεις ευαισθησίας των σημαντικότερων παραμέτρων του μοντέλου. Η ανάλυση ευαισθησίας για τον προσδιορισμό των τιμών των παραμέτρων του μοντέλου MIKE-SHE πραγματοποιήθηκε για την περίοδο 1984-1989, καθώς ο λόγος ΕΤ/Ρ δεν παρουσιάζει μεγάλες διακυμάνσεις για τις χρονιές αυτές. Οι βέλτιστες τιμές των παραμέτρων για την ρύθμιση του μοντέλου MIKE-SHE, οι οποίες προέκυψαν για την ανωτέρω χρονική περίοδο, εφαρμόστηκαν για την προσομοίωση της απορροής και τις υπόλοιπες χρονιές. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα του μοντέλου MIKE-SHE σε σύγκριση με εκείνα του μοντέλου βροχής-απορροής ENNS. Αρχικά, συγκρίνεται η συνολική απορροή των δυο μοντέλων μεταξύ τους και με την μετρημένη και εν συνεχεία, συγκρίνονται οι επιμέρους υδρολογικές συνιστώσες του υδρολογικού ισοζυγίου των δυο μοντέλων. Στο τελευταίο κεφάλαιο, παρουσιάζονται συνοπτικά τα συμπεράσματα, τα οποία εξήχθησαν από την σύγκριση των δυο μοντέλων αλλά και από την γενική συμπεριφορά του μοντέλου MIKE-SHE. / The subject of my thesis is the application of the rainfall-runoff model MIKE-SHE in the mountainous part of Glafkos’s basin. The aim of this study is to calibrate the model and to compare the simulations of MIKE-SHE with corresponding simulations of ENNS (Nachtnebel et al., 1993). The simulations with ENNS have been presented by Kaleris and Langousis (2012). Specifically, in the first chapter the study area and its characteristics (morphology, geometry, geology), the available data for the runoff simulations (rainfall, temperature, measured runoff) and their evaluation are presented. In the second chapter is described the structure of the model MIKE-SHE. For the simulation of the individual processes the following concepts are used in MIKE-SHE: the surface flow is calculated using the equation of Manning and for the flow in the unsaturated zone the two-layer water balance method (simplified flow through macropores and infiltration model Green and Ampt) has been used. Finally, for the subsurface runoff the linear reservoir’s equations has been used. In the third chapter the parameters varied in the calibration of MIKE-SHE and the sensitivity of the runoff with respect to these parameters have been presented. By means of the sensitivity analysis the most important parameters, which have been varied for the model calibration have been selected. The fourth chapter presents the results of the MIKE-SHE calibration and their comparison with the results of the rainfall-runoff model ENNS. Particularly, this chapter contains the comparison of the simulated hydrographs of the total runoff with the corresponding measured hydrographs and the hydrographs resulting from ENNS, as well as the comparison of the other water budget components resulting from the two models. The last chapter summarizes the conclusions which are drawn from the comparison of the two models and the evaluation of the behavior of the model MIKE-SHE.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The Florida Everglades has a long history of anthropogenic changes which have impacted the quantity and quality of water entering the system. Since the construction of Tamiami Trail in the 1920's, overland flow to the Florida Everglades has decreased significantly, impacting ecosystems from the wetlands to the estuary. The MIKE Marsh Model of Everglades National Park (M3ENP) is a numerical model, which simulates Everglades National Park (ENP) hydrology using MIKE SHE/MIKE 11software. This model has been developed to determine the parameters that effect Everglades hydrology and understand the impact of specific flow changes on the hydrology of the system. As part of the effort to return flows to the historical levels, several changes to the existing water management infrastructure have been implemented or are in the design phase. Bridge construction scenarios were programed into the M3ENP model to review the effect of these structural changes and evaluate the potential impacts on water levels and hydroperiods in the receiving Northeast Shark Slough ecosystem. These scenarios have shown critical water level increases in an area which has been in decline due to low water levels. Results from this work may help guide future decisions for restoration designs. Excess phosphorus entering Everglades National Park in South Florida may promote the growth of more phosphorus-opportunistic species and alter the food chain from the bottom up. Two phosphorus transport methods were developed into the M3ENP hydrodynamic model to determine the factors affecting phosphorus transport and the impact of bridge construction on water quality. Results showed that while phosphorus concentrations in surface waters decreased overall, some areas within ENP interior may experience an increase in phosphorus loading which the addition of bridges to Tamiami Trail. Finally, phosphorus data and modeled water level data was used to evaluate the spectral response of Everglades vegetation to increasing phosphorus availability using Landsat imagery.

This critical review of four novels by Celia Brayfield, Getting Home, Mister Fabulous And Friends, Heartswap and Wild Weekend, outlines the themes that give the works defining coherence, which are a feminist evaluation of gender roles and an exploration of the relationship between space or place in millennial Britain. The author contextualises her novels in considering literary representations of the suburb in literature and use of the device of gender reversal in fiction. The review demonstrates that the novels make a significant and coherent contribution to knowledge as resonant and well-received creative works and provides an assessment of their international and national impact. In discussing the inspiration and influences of her work, her choices in characterisation, narrative and dramatised argument, and in particular her decision to create responses to two classic texts using the device of gender reversal, the author justifies the overarching approach and methodologies used for these novels.

An integrated surface-subsurface hydrological model of Everglades National Park (ENP) was developed using MIKE SHE and MIKE 11 modeling software. The model has a resolution of 400 meters, covers approximately 1050 square miles of ENP, includes 110 miles of drainage canals with a variety of hydraulic structures, and processes hydrological information, such as evapotranspiration, precipitation, groundwater levels, canal discharges and levels, and operational schedules. Calibration was based on time series and probability of exceedance for water levels and discharges in the years 1987 through 1997. Model verification was then completed for the period of 1998 through 2005. Parameter sensitivity in uncertainty analysis showed that the model was most sensitive to the hydraulic conductivity of the regional Surficial Aquifer System, the Manning's roughness coefficient, and the leakage coefficient, which defines the canal-subsurface interaction. The model offers an enhanced predictive capability, compared to other models currently available, to simulate the flow regime in ENP and to forecast the impact of topography, water flows, and modifying operation schedules.