This thesis asks for the role of signs in Aristotle's theory of knowledge. The great part of semiotic literature is restricted on the interpretation of the works De Interpretatione, which explains the theory of symbols, and Analytica Priora, which explains the theory of signs. In Aristotle's words, theory of signs is based on the theory of knowledge submitted in De Anima. However, semioticians are not able to define the exact part of this work which is being linked, therefore they only neglect this link. The aim of this thesis is to find how much the conception of knowledge submitted in De Anima works or does not work with the notion of representation, and which role Aristotle's notions of sign (sémeion) and symbol (symbolon) take in that issue. Keywords: Aristotle, De Interpretatione, Analytica Priora, De Anima, history of semiotics, knowledge, signs.

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Att bli utsatt av hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck kan påverka en individs hälsa både psykisktoch fysiskt. Det som utmärker hedersrelaterat våld är att det utövas av personer med starkkoppling till varandra i syfte att bevara familjens heder. Konsekvenser som hedersrelaterat våldför med sig är att den som utsätts riskerar att utsättas för våld, hot, kränkningar, bli bortfördmot sin vilja eller i värsta fall hedersmord. Socialtjänsten har en skyldighet att stötta och hjälpade individer som utsätts för hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Signs of safety är en metod somidag används inom barnskyddsutredningar i många av Sveriges socialtjänster. Det är därmedav relevans att veta hur metoden kan användas inom ett aktuellt ämne som hedersärenden. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur socionomer implementerar metoden Signs ofsafety inom hedersärenden samt vilka utmaningar som finns med metoden. För att besvarafrågeställningarna utgick studien från tidigare befintlig forskning samt tre kvalitativa intervjuerav yrkesverksamma inom socialt arbete. I resultatet framkom det skilda åsikter om Signs ofsafety är en lämplig metod inom hedersärenden. Samtliga intervjupersoner var dock överensom vikten av att utforska nätverket noggrant och att som professionell vara öppen ochriskmedveten under hela utredningen. Slutsatsen från denna studie visar på att än fast det kan vara en utmaning att arbeta mednätverket som är en stor del av Signs of safety, kan metoden vara behjälplig under etthedersärende. Metoden medför ett helhetsperspektiv och en fördomsfri process, vilket är tillfördel för professionella som möter och hanterar olika människor. Kunskapen omhedersrelaterat våld är en viktig förutsättning för att kunna ge lämplig hjälp och stöd till utsatta.

The subject of this thesis is Roger Bacon`s work De signis. Its goal is to consider in what sense Bacon works out the general theory of signs. In this sense the thesis` method is situated in the field of "archeology of sings". First it examines Bacon`s definition of sign as a relation, investigates its formal properties and ways of application in particular cases, i.e. Bacon`s classification of signs. Then it shows the way in which Bacon applies this general notion in particular examinations, that is in problems of what the words signify, concept of univaocation and equivocation, theory of analogy and last but not least it considers a question of the nature of signification itself. The last chapter is dedicated to the examination of the (re)imposition phenomenon together with consideration of result it has on the notion of sign relation`s nature and how it serves as an explanation of the process in which these relations work. Keywords: Roger Bacon, John Deely, Charles S. Peirce, medieval semiotics, archeology of signs.

Mgr. Martin Charvát Deleuze's asignifying semiotics Disertační práce Abstract: In the thesis I am trying to prove that Gilles Deleuze's philosophy must be considered in respect of his analysis of sign. Deleuze's philosophy is thus inseparable from his semiotics which I would like to show on the figure of philosophy as symptomatology. If we understand sign as a symptom we are also standing on the semiotic level. Signs are expressions of ways of life, of our understanding of the world around us. The problem of Deleuze's semiotics (which is connected with the problem of expression) leads us to the problem of genesis. In this respect the genesis is united with the concept of pure difference. Key words: Deleuze, Gilles - signs - semiotics - genesis - difference

Young children’s ‘alternative’ notions of science are well documented but their unorthodox ideas about arithmetic are less well known. For example, studies have shown that young children initially treat numbers as position markers rather than size symbols. Also, children often hold a transformational view of operations; that is, they are reluctant to accept the commutativity of addition and multiplication. This ‘alternative’ view of operations is often overlooked by teachers, keen to demonstrate the so called ‘laws’ of arithmetic. However, this paper argues that we should not be in any haste to replace these primitive intuitions; instead, we should show that transformational operations actually reflect how objects behave when acted on in the physical world. The paper draws on earlier research of the writer in which young children used signs for transformational arithmetic in game scenarios. In particular, it examines the feasibility of ‘sums’ in which the operator is distinguished from the operand. In short, this paper presents the theory behind an entirely new way of teaching arithmetic, based on children’s ‘alternative’ intuitions about numbers and operations.

Since the National Board of Health and Welfare brought attention to the need for an assessment framework within child investigations multiple methods and approaches have been implemented in the Swedish social services. Among the methods we find Signs of Safety, an assessment framework aimed at creating relationships, using the family’s network and focusing on solutions. Currently there are few studies on Signs of Safety’s impact on social work, internationally and nationally.    The purpose of this thesis is to explore social worker’s experience of Signs of Safety’s meaning for social work and the importance of building relationships within child investigations. Previous studies have found that social workers experienced that investigations have become more open and transparent. Social workers also experienced that the family has become more involved in the investigations. According to international studies, the interviewees feel that Signs of Safety is a method that can be well integrated with other methods, but have difficulty seeing Signs of Safety as an independent method.  Our study consists of seven interviews based on the target group that the study is focused on, social workers who work with child investigations and Signs of Safety. To analyze our study we are going to use a relationship-based practice and professional power. The result of our study shows that the social workers feel that investigations have become more transparent, open and provide an opportunity to make children and family’s networks more involved. The majority of the social workers also point out that the method cannot guarantee that the involvement of the family’s network works in every investigation, but is rather used in investigations that are based on a specific type of case. The social workers also point out that there may be some problems with combining Sweden's standardized method BBIC with Signs of Safety.

Due to the increasing demands of third-party payers to show measurable results in a decreased amount of time, mental health practitioners need new tools and techniques to quickly and efficiently assess their client's current status and progress in treatment. The goal of this study was to develop and validate a brief computerized measure of emotional states and personality traits for use as an assessment tool in a clinical setting. Adapted from the State-Trait Personality Inventory (STPI; Spielberger, 1998), the computerized instrument measured state and trait anxiety, anger, depression, and curiosity. The computerized STPI was examined for equivalence with the traditional STPI and compared with therapists' ratings of their clients' emotional states and personality traits. Forty individuals (24 women, 16 men) in psychotherapy were administered either a computerized version of the STPI or the original, paper version. Each client's therapist was asked to rate him or her on the same 4 states and 4 traits measured by the STPI. In addition, clients and therapists answered short questionnaires regarding their reactions to the STPI and the client report generated by the STPI, respectively. A comparison of mean STPI scale scores between the computerized and paper administration groups showed slightly higher levels of reported state emotion for the computerized administration. There was no other evidence of differences between the two experimental groups. Therapists who had previously conducted assessment with their client demonstrated a significantly higher correlation of their ratings with the corresponding client STPI self-reported scores. Feedback from the client and therapist exit questionnaires suggested that their reactions to the procedure and the usefulness of the STPI were quite favorable. Implications of increasing the use of computers in clinical assessment are discussed.

Cyber insider threat is one of the most difficult risks to mitigate in organizations. However, innovative validated visualizations for cyber analysts to better decipher and react to detected anomalies has not been reported in literature or in industry. Attacks caused by malicious insiders can cause millions of dollars in losses to an organization. Though there have been advances in Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) over the last three decades, traditional IDSs do not specialize in anomaly identification caused by insiders. There is also a profuse amount of data being presented to cyber analysts when deciphering big data and reacting to data breach incidents using complex information systems. Information visualization is pertinent to the identification and mitigation of malicious cyber insider threats. The main goal of this study was to develop and validate, using Subject Matter Experts (SME), an executive insider threat dashboard visualization prototype. Using the developed prototype, an experimental study was conducted, which aimed to assess the perceived effectiveness in enhancing the analysts’ interface when complex data correlations are presented to mitigate malicious insiders cyber threats. Dashboard-based visualization techniques could be used to give full visibility of network progress and problems in real-time, especially within complex and stressful environments. For instance, in an Emergency Room (ER), there are four main vital signs used for urgent patient triage. Cybersecurity vital signs can give cyber analysts clear focal points during high severity issues. Pilots must expeditiously reference the Heads Up Display (HUD), which presents only key indicators to make critical decisions during unwarranted deviations or an immediate threat. Current dashboard-based visualization techniques have yet to be fully validated within the field of cybersecurity. This study developed a visualization prototype based on SME input utilizing the Delphi method. SMEs validated the perceived effectiveness of several different types of the developed visualization dashboard. Quantitative analysis of SME’s perceived effectiveness via self-reported value and satisfaction data as well as qualitative analysis of feedback provided during the experiments using the prototype developed were performed. This study identified critical cyber visualization variables and identified visualization techniques. The identifications were then used to develop QUICK.v™ a prototype to be used when mitigating potentially malicious cyber insider threats. The perceived effectiveness of QUICK.v™ was then validated. Insights from this study can aid organizations in enhancing cybersecurity dashboard visualizations by depicting only critical cybersecurity vital signs.

We carried out an observational, retrospective and descriptive study in order to identify the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to a Peruvian national referral hospital. We included patients from one month old to fourteen years old hospitalized between March and August 2020. A total of 125 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were admitted, 18.4% (n = 23) had critical illness and 16.8% (n = 21) had multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). The absence of comorbidities and previous history of epidemiological contact were more frequent in patients with MIS-C. Patients in critical condition and patients with MIS-C had lower lymphocyte and platelet counts, and higher C-reactive protein, ferritin and D-dimer values than patients who did not have said conditions. Six (4.8%) out of 125 children died, as well as 3 (13%) children from the group of patients in critical condition. None of the children with MIS-C died. / Revisión por pares