Thesis (M.E.S.)--The Evergreen State College, 2007. / Title from title screen viewed 1/17/2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-126).

Thesis (M.E.S.)--The Evergreen State College, 2007. / Title from title screen (viewed 1/24/2008). Includes bibliographical references.

Améliorer la durée de vie est un enjeu important qui s'impose lors du déploiement des réseaux de capteurs sans fil (RCsFs). En effet, ces réseaux sont composés par des capteurs autonomes alimentés par des batteries qu'il est difficile de recharger ou remplacer. Le challenge est donc d'assurer le fonctionnement de ces réseaux pendant plusieurs années sans aucune intervention extérieure majeure.Afin de maximiser la durée de vie des RCsFs, nous avons d'abord exploré la possibilité d'introduire plusieurs puits mobiles. Nous avons proposé deux stratégies. La première détermine les positions optimales sur un réseau de petite échelle et la deuxième, basée sur une heuristique, garantit le passage à l'échelle.Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés aux RCsFs basés sur IPv6 qui utilisent RPL, le nouveau protocole de routage proposé par l'IETF. Nous avons étudié ce protocole, étendu ses capacités pour gérer des puits mobiles et proposé une stratégie de mobilité des puits adaptée permettant de prolonger la durée de vie du réseau.Puis, nous avons proposé une nouvelle approche qui applique le codage de Slepian-Wolf sur les adresses émises dans les RCsFs. L'idée consiste à exploiter la corrélation des adresses garantie par un schéma approprié d'allocation afin de réduire le nombre de bits d'entête transmis au puits et d'améliorer ainsi la durée de vie du réseau.Finalement, nous avons proposé une infrastructure IPv6 hybride pour bâtiments intelligents qui combine les avantages des technologies sans fil et courants porteurs en ligne afin d'améliorer la durée de vie du réseau, sa connectivité et sa robustesse à faible surcoût. / Improving the network lifetime is a very challenging problem that needs to be taken into account during the deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Indeed, these networks are composed of many autonomous sensors with a limited energy supply provided by batteries which are usually difficult to recharge or replace. The scientific challenge is to ensure the operation of these networks for several years without major external intervention. To maximize the lifetime of WSNs, we first explored the possibility of introducing multiple mobile sinks. We proposed two mobility strategies. The first one provides the optimal placement in a network of small scale. The second one is based on an heuristic algorithm that ensures scalability.We were then interested in IPv6 based WSNs which use the new proposed routing protocol by IETF namely RPL. We studied this protocol, extended its capacity to manage mobile sinks andproposed an appropriate sinks mobility strategy that extends the network lifetime.Next, we proposed a novel approach which consists in applying Slepian-Wolf coding to emitted addresses in WSNs. The basic idea is to exploit the addresses correlation, guaranteed by an appropriate addresses allocation scheme, in order to reduce the header size of packets transmitted to the sink and thus improve the network lifetime.Finally, we proposed an hybrid IPv6 infrastructure for smart buildings which combines the wireless and power line technologies to guarantee energy efficiency and a longer network lifetime.

Le réchauffement régional de l'ouest de la Péninsule Antarctique (WAP) combiné à la diminution attendue de glace de mer et à l'apparition printanière du trou d'ozone pourrait modifier la composition et la structure de la communauté microbienne. De plus, ces variations environnementales pourraient modifier le potentiel de la WAP en tant que puits de CO2. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse visait à évaluer les effets combinés du changement climatique sur la production primaire et sur la composition et la structure de la communauté microbienne de la WAP. Cette thèse visait également à évaluer le rôle de la structure, de la composition, de la production primaire et de la respiration de la communauté microbienne sur les échanges de CO2 entre l'atmosphère et l'océan. Cette étude a premièrement permis de décrire les variations de l'étendue de glace de mer, de l'épaisseur de la couche d'ozone et de la température de surface de l'eau dans la WAP au cours des 30 dernières années (1972-2007) et notamment d'observer le retrait de plus en plus précoce de la glace de mer en relation avec le réchauffement des eaux de la WAP. L'évolution de ces paramètres environnementaux offre une nouvelle fenêtre temporelle de production primaire. Ainsi, cette étude a permis de montrer que la production primaire annuelle a augmenté de 1997 à 2007, et ceci, en relation avec l'anomalie de glace de l'hiver précédent. En effet, la production primaire journalière était négativement et positivement corrélée avec, respectivement, l'étendue de glace de mer et la température de l'eau de septembre à novembre et de février à mars, suggérant que le réchauffement régional de la WAP favorise plus de production primaire durant le printemps et l'automne. En revanche, le retrait précoce de la glace de mer en coïncidence avec l'apparition printanière du trou d'ozone a provoqué l'augmentation de la photoinhibition au printemps (avec 11,6 ± 2,8 % de la production primaire journalière en moyenne). En conséquence, le changement climatique régional de la WAP a, à la fois, un effet positif et un effet négatif sur la production primaire. Cette étude a également permis de décrire la dynamique de la communauté microbienne marine dans l'archipel de Melchior (dans la WAP) de l'automne au printemps 2006. En raison des conditions environnementales extrêmes, l'abondance et la biomasse de la communauté microbienne étaient faibles durant l'automne et l'hiver et dominées par les petites cellules (< 2 µm) et donc par un réseau trophique microbien. En effet, la biomasse phytoplanctonique était faible durant l'automne et l'hiver (avec une concentration moyenne en chlorophylle a, Chl-a, de 0,3 et 0,13 µg l-1, respectivement). La biomasse phytoplanctonique a augmenté au printemps (avec un maximum de Chl-a de 1,13 µg l-1), mais, en dépit des conditions de croissance favorables, est restée faible et le phytoplancton était toujours dominé par de petites cellules (2-20 µm) et donc par le réseau trophique microbien ou multivore. De plus, la disparition précoce de glace de mer durant le printemps 2006 a exposé les eaux de la WAP à de fortes radiations ultraviolettes B (RUVB, 280-320 nm), qui ont eu un effet négatif sur la communauté microbienne des eaux de surface. Cette étude a également mis en évidence la relation existante entre les échanges CO2 et d'O2 entre l'atmosphère et l'océan dans la WAP et la biomasse, la composition, la production primaire et la respiration de la communauté microbienne. Il existait tout d'abord une relation positive entre la concentration en Chl-a et la proportion de diatomées dans la communauté phytoplanctonique. De plus, il existait une corrélation négative significative entre la Chl-a et le ΔpCO2. La production primaire nette de la communauté (NCP) était principalement contrôlée par la production primaire et était négativement et positivement reliée avec le ΔpCO2 et le pourcentage de saturation de l'O2, respectivement, suggérant que la production primaire joue un rôle majeur dans les échanges de CO2 et d'O2 entre l'atmosphère et l'océan dans la WAP. Par ailleurs, le ΔpCO2 moyen au cours des trois années étudiées était de -20,04 ± 44,3 µatm, menant à un puits de CO2 potentiel durant l'été et l'automne dans la région. Le sud de la WAP était un puits potentiel de CO2 (-43,60 ± 39,06 µatm) durant l'automne alors que le nord de la WAP était principalement une source potentielle de CO2 durant l'été ou l'automne (-4,96 ± 37,6 et 21,71 ± 22,39 µatm, respectivement). Les plus fortes concentrations en Chl-a mesurées dans le sud de la WAP pourraient expliquer cette distribution spatiale. / Regional warming in the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), along with the expected decrease in sea-ice cover and the seasonal ozone layer breakdown could modify the composition and the structure of the microbial community. In addition, these environmental changes could modify the potential of the WAP as a CO2 sink. In this context, this thesis aimed at evaluating the combined effects of regional climatic changes on the primary production and the composition and structure of the microbial community in the WAP. In a second time, this thesis aimed at evaluating the role of the microbial community structure, composition, primary production and respiration on air-sea CO2 gas exchanges.First, the variations in sea-ice cover, stratospheric ozone layer thickness and sea surface temperature over the last 30 years (1972-2007) were described. Related to the warming of WAP waters, the retreat of sea-ice was happening earlier each decade in the WAP. The observed changes in these environmental parameters offer a new temporal window for primary production. Indeed, the annual primary production increased from 1997 to 2007, in relation with the sea-ice cover anomaly for the previous winter. In addition, daily primary production was negatively and positively correlated to, respectively, sea-ice cover and sea-water temperature from September to November and from February to March, suggesting that regional warming favoured more primary production during spring and fall. On the contrary, the early retreat of sea-ice in spring, in coincidence with the spring ozone layer breakdown, led to an increase in photoinhibition (with an average of 11.6 ± 2.8 % of the daily primary production being photoinhibited). Therefore, regional climatic changes in the WAP had both a positive and a negative impact on primary production.The microbial community variability was also described in the Melchior Archipelago (in the WAP) from fall to spring 2006. Because of the extreme environmental conditions, the microbial community abundance and biomass were low in fall and winter and the community was dominated by small cells (< 2 µm), hence by a microbial food-web. Indeed, phytoplanktonic biomass was low during fall and winter (with respective chlorophyll a concentration, Chl-a, of 0.3 and 0.13 µg l-1). Phytoplankton biomass increased in spring (with a maximum Chl-a of 1.13 µg l-1) but, despite favourable growth conditions, phytoplankton was still dominated by small cells (2-20 µm), hence by a microbial or multivorous food-web. In addition, the early retreat of sea-ice in the spring 2006 exposed the WAP waters to strong ultraviolet B radiations (UVBR, 280-320 nm) that had a negative impact on the microbial community in surface waters.Finally, the relationship between air-sea CO2 and O2 exchanges in the WAP with the phytoplankton community biomass and composition and with the microbial community primary production and respiration was described. A positive relationship existed between Chl-a and the proportion of diatoms in the phytoplankton community. In addition, a negative relationship existed between Chl-a and ΔpCO2. The net community production (NCP) was mainly controlled by primary production and was negatively and positively related to ΔpCO2 and the %O2 saturation, respectively, suggesting that primary production was the main driver of air-sea CO2 and O2 gas exchanges in the WAP. In addition, the average ΔpCO2 for the summers and falls 2002 to 2004 was -20.04 ± 44.3 µatm, leading to a potential CO2 sink during this period in the WAP. The southern WAP was a potential CO2 sink (-43.60 ± 39.06 µatm) during fall while the northern part of the Peninsula was mainly a potential CO2 source during summer and fall (-4.96 ± 37.6 and 21.71 ± 22.39 µatm, respectively). The higher Chl-a concentrations measured in the southern WAP may explain this spatial distribution.

Orientador: Carlos Alfredo Joly / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T11:49:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_CinthiaAparecida_M.pdf: 9588877 bytes, checksum: dbff1b6c72dbd211b47263ed9583a74c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: As florestas tropicais estão entre os ecossistemas terrestres mais diversos e produtivos do planeta, embora ocorram sob solos pobres. Para superar essa condição as plantas adaptam a si mesmas para alocarem biomassa adicional a órgãos onde os recursos são limitantes. Alguns desses órgãos são as raízes finas, raízes responsáveis pela absorção de água e nutrientes do solo. Elas representam um elevado custo de produção para as plantas, mas importante fonte de carbono para o solo. Devido as variações na disponibilidade de recursos influenciarem o estoque e a produção de raízes finas, as expectativas foram de que: i) o estoque e a produção anual de raízes finas aumentariam com a elevação da altitude; ii) a produção de raízes finas seria maior nos períodos de menor umidade; iii) haveria maior biomassa de raiz fina na porção superficial do solo (0-10 cm); iv) o uso de menores tempos de coleta em porções de solo pequenas não afetaria a acurácia do método escolhido. Para testar essas suposições, foram selecionados cinco hectares de Floresta Atlântica conservada. As informações sobre estrutura, composição florística e características do solo foram obtidas de estudos prévios. Em cada um desses hectares, foram instalados 16 coletores para o monitoramento da produção trimestral de raízes finas. O menor estoque e produção total de raízes finas foi encontrado na Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana e o maior na Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana. Os períodos das maiores produções coincidiram com os das maiores temperaturas e precipitações acumuladas e a maior biomassa de raízes finas foi observada na camada de 0-10 cm. A adaptação do método não influenciou significativamente na amostragem das raízes finas. A variável que mais explicou a produção anual foi o conteúdo de água no solo. Com base De acordo com tais resultados, a conclusão foi que as variações climáticas ao longo do gradiente altitudinal não determinaram diretamente o estoque de raízes finas, mas as variações sazonais influenciaram na produção. Quaisquer alterações que venham a ocorrer nas taxas de precipitação, poderão assim, desencadear mudanças significativas na maneira como a Floresta Atlântica aloca carbono, investindo mais em raízes finas do que nos demais órgãos / Abstract: Tropical forests are among the most diverse and productive ecosystems on the planet, however they occur in poor soils. To overcome this condition plants adapt themselves allocating additional biomass to organs where resources are limiting. Some of these organs are the fine roots, roots responsible for absorbing water and nutrients from the soil. They represent a high cost of production to the plants, but at the same time, they are an important source of carbon to the soil. Variations in the resources available can influence stock and production of fine roots and because of that, the expectation was that: i) fine root stock and annual production would increase with elevation; ii) fine roots production would be higher in periods of lower moisture; iii) a higher fine roots biomass would be found in the superficial soil layer (0-10 cm); iv) the use of a short time of sampling in smaller soil portions should not affect the accuracy of the chosen method. To test these hypotheses five plots located in Atlantic Forest along an elevation gradient were selected. The information about the forest structure, floristic composition and soil traits were known from previous studies. Each individual plot had 16 ingrowth cores were installed to monitor the quarterly production of fine roots. Submontane Forest had the smallest stock and annual production of fine roots, while Montane Forest had the highest ones. Periods of higher production coincide with higher temperatures and accumulated rainfall. The first layer of soil, from zero to 10 cm, had the highest fine roots biomass. The method adaptation did not significantly influence the fine roots sampling. The soil water content was the variable which best explained annual production. According to the research results, the conclusion achieved was that the fine roots stock is not directly influenced by climatic variation over elevation, but the seasonal variation influenced the fine roots production. Any possible changes in precipitation rates, may thus trigger significant changes in the way that Atlantic Forest allocates carbon, investing more in fine roots that in other organs / Mestrado / Biologia Vegetal / Mestra em Biologia Vegetal

The ocean is the only cumulative sink of atmospheric CO2. It has absorbed approximately 40% of the CO2 from fossil fuel burning and cement production, lowering atmospheric CO2 and limiting climate change. Here we will examine the regional and global mechanisms controlling the evolution of ocean uptake of this additional carbon from human activities (anthropogenic carbon, Cant) using ocean models and observations. Cant is rapidly injected into the deep ocean, sequestering it from the atmosphere for centuries. It is currently uncertain whether any of this sequestered Cant was absorbed from the atmosphere in the subpolar North Atlantic. Here we present evidence that the upper limb of the ocean’s overturning circulation supplies the subpolar North Atlantic with capacity to absorb Cant from the atmosphere. Using a coupled ocean model, we find that surface freshening of the subpolar North Atlantic reduces the volume available for Cant storage. We also investigate whether global ocean Cant uptake is reduced due to changing ocean circulation, this time across multiple emission scenarios, including scenarios with aggressive emission mitigation. Though it is clear that emission mitigation will reduce the magnitude of the ocean carbon sink, the mechanisms governing the decline in uptake have not been studied in detail. We find that the ocean sink becomes less efficient due to kinematic effects wherein Cant escapes from the surface ocean as atmospheric CO2 plateaus and then declines. In emission scenarios ranging from high to low emissions, projected changes in global Cant uptake due to ocean circulation are small. This is in contrast with the subpolar North Atlantic, where future circulation change plays a important role in the declining Cant uptake.

Urbanization modifies the thermal characteristics of the land and makes way for a succession of transformations in the urban environmental system. This phenomenon, known as Urban Heat Island (UHI), is characterized by elevated temperatures in urban areas that negatively impact on the quality of life and environment in urban areas including, increased emissions of Green House Gases (GHGs) and rising energy consumption. These impacts add to global climate change and thus, mitigating UHI is essential to mitigating global climate change. One GHG, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), accounts for about half of the Earth’s anthropogenic GHG emissions. Terrestrial ecosystems can act as Carbon sinks (C sinks), i.e. natural vegetation reservoirs that absorb more C than they release. Thus, C sinks play an essential and critical function in lowering CO2. Furthermore, providing appropriate C sinks at both the building and urban scales can decrease UHI and contribute to reduction in energy consumption. This study used Landsat 8 imagery of the site, Al Bayt Stadium in Qatar, to investigate the effects of surface UHI by computing the Land Surface Temperature (LST) difference of the site---pre- and post-construction, as well as examine the correlation between natural vegetation abundance and temperature in ten locations within the site’s vicinity. Results show that minimum, maximum and mean LST of the case study area (2014 vs. 2020) decreased 2.80 oC, 5.5 oC and 2.3 oC, respectively, as well as a decreasing trend in the LST as a function of increasing C Sinks. These results demonstrate the importance of introducing C sinks to lower LST and mitigate UHI. Mitigating UHI also has a direct effect on Energy Consumption Balance (ECB). This equilibrium is achieved not only through the introduction of C sinks, but balancing C sinks with high albedo materials and natural ventilation.  Thus, this study also investigated the site’s various design aspects (e.g. cooling technology, structure and surface albedo materials, landscaping) and found that Al Bayt Stadium’s design successfully incorporates strategies to reduce energy consumption at both the urban (macro) and building (micro) scales.

The IoT sensing system plays an important role in the field of the smart city. IoT devices are generally constrained nodes due to their limited power and memory. How to save energy has been a challenge for the scalability of sensing networks. Previous studies introduce the dynamic sink and three dynamic sink deployment strategies. It has been proved by simulation experiments that the sensing network with dynamic sinks can reduce energy consumption. Further investigations on new dynamic sink deployment strategies are needed to explore the full potential of dynamic sinks. This work investigates three new deployment strategies, namely Determinisitic Strategy, Prediction Strategy, and Improved Prediction Strategy. We design experiments with different scenarios and evaluate the packet delivery ratio (PDR) and power consumption performances using emulated IoT devices on the Cooja simulator. The results show that the setups with these three new deployment strategies have good performance in terms of PDR and power consumption. Furthermore, we compare the performance difference between these three new strategies. The Improved Prediction Strategy has advantages over the other two strategies and has application prospects in reality. / IoT-baserade sensorsystem spelar en viktig roll för smarta städer. IoT-enheter är i allmänhet begränsade noder vad gäller till exempel kraftförsörjning och minnesutrymme. Hur man kan spara energi har varit en utmaning för skalbarheten hos sensornätverk. I tidigare studier introduceras dynamiska sänknoder och tre strategier för utplacering av sådana sänknoder. Det har visat sig genom simuleringsexperiment att ett nätverk med dynamiska sänknoder kan minska energiförbrukningen. Ytterligare undersökningar av nya strategier för utplacering av sänknoder behövs för att utforska den fulla potentialen hos dynamiska sänknoder. I det här arbetet undersöks tre nya strategier, nämligen Determinisitic Strategy, Prediction Strategy och Improved Prediction Strategy. Vi utformar experiment med olika scenarier och utvärderar andelen levererade paket (Packet Delivery Ration", PDR) och energiförbrukningen med hjälp av emulerade IoT-enheter i Cooja-simulatorn. Resultaten visar att uppställningarna med dessa tre nya strategier har bra prestanda när det gäller PDR och energiförbrukning. Dessutom jämför vi prestandaskillnaden mellan dessa tre nya strategier. Improved Prediction Strategy har fördelar jämfört med de andra två strategierna och bedöms ha goda tillämpningsmöjligheter i verkliga miljöer.

L’indentation instrumentée (nanoindentation) est une technique d’analyse des données expérimentales utilisées pour atteindre les propriétés mécaniques de matériaux (dureté H, module de Young E) pour lesquels les techniques classiques sont difficilement applicables voire non envisageables. Ces paramètres mécaniques sont issus de l’exploitation de la seule courbe expérimentale charge-décharge. L’analyse de cette dernière repose sur des nombreux modèles reportés dans la littérature (Oliver et pharr, Field et Swain, Doener et Nix, Loubet et al.) qui considèrent la décharge purement élastique. De nombreuses expériences que nous avons menées, sur divers types de matériaux massifs (aciers inoxydables AISI304, AISI316, AISI430; aciers rapides HSS652; verre de silice SiO2) et revêtus de films minces de TiN et TiO2 ont montré que les propriétés mécaniques (E et H), déduites de la méthode de Oliver et Pharr, dépendent du pourcentage de la courbe de décharge considéré, de la charge appliquée et du rayon de la pointe. De plus, pour un système film-substrat, la technique est en général utilisée pour atteindre les propriétés in-situ du film ou du substrat, alors que la méthode de dépouillement fournit des paramètres composites qu’il faut ensuite déconvoluer. Dans la recherche d’une stratégie simple, permettant d’accéder au module élastique d’un film « dur » pour les applications mécaniques, nous avons fait appel à la simulation numérique. Le code de simulation numérique utilisé, est basé sur la méthode des éléments de frontière. Nos investigations numériques utilisant l’indentation sphérique nous ont permis de mettre en évidence un certain nombre de résultats utiles pour l’analyse des données expérimentales. Nous avons commencé par montrer que aussi bien pour un matériau massif homogène élastoplastique que pour un système film dur – substrat élastoplastique, la relation [delta]=a2/R demeure valable (R étant le rayon de l’indenteur, a le rayon de l’aire projetée de contact). Cela permet de représenter les résultats de l’essai d’indentation sphérique par la courbe pression moyenne F/[pi]a2- déformation a/R . Au début du chargement, la pente cette courbe est proportionnelle au module de Young du film tandis que la pente initiale de la courbe de décharge est proportionnelle au module d’élasticité du substrat. Une relation entre le déplacement de l’indenteur et [delta] , puis une méthode d’analyse d’indentation ont été établies. Enfin, la procédure a été validée numériquement et expérimentalement sur les données issues de l’indentation de divers combinaisons film-substrat (TiN/AISI430, TiN/HSS652 et TiO2/HSS652) avec succès / Depth sensing Indentation (nanoindentation) is an experimental technique increasing retained for the assessment of the mechanical properties of materials (hardness H, Young's modulus E) for which common homogeneous mechanical tests can not be performed or are extremely difficult to perform. The mechanical parameters are obtained from the indentation curve (the plot of the load vs penetration depth during both load and unload). Usually, some methodology reported in the literature (Oliver and pharr, Field and Swain, Doener and Nix, Loubet and al.) are used in order to assess E and H. We have performed a number of experiments on homogeneous materials (stainless steel AISI304, AISI316, AISI430; high-speed steel HSS652; glass SiO2) as well as a film-substrate system (TiN/AISI430, TiN/HSS652, TiO2/HSS652). Applying the Oliver and Pharr methodology, E end H vary with the applied load as well as the percentage of used unload curve retained for the analysis, as reported in the literature. Besides, in the case of the film-substrate system, only composite parameters are obtained instead of the in-situ films properties. In order to establish a simple strategy for the determination of the elastic modulus of a hard coating, we have carried out many simulations using a boundary element based numerical tool. Then a number of useful results have been identified. The well known elastic relation [delta]=a2/R between the relative approach [delta], the projected contact radius a and the punch radius R, remain valid in the plastic range for homogeneous as well as film-substrate specimens. This allows data indentation to be represented in term of mean pressure F/[pi]a2 vs indentation strain a/R . The initial slope of the loading part of the latter curve is proportional to the elastic modulus of the film, while the slope of the initial part of the unloading curve is proportional to the substrate elastic modulus. Our indentation procedure anlysis has been validated experimentally on a number of samples (TiN/AISI430, TiN/HSS652, TiO2/HSS652) after having established a relation between the punch displacement and the relative approach [delta]

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been steadily increasing from anthropogenic energy production, development and use. Carbon cycling in the terrestrial biosphere, particularly forest ecosystems, has an important role in regulating atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide. US West coast forest management policies are being developed to implement forest bioenergy production while reducing risk of catastrophic wildfire. Modeling and understanding the response of terrestrial ecosystems to changing environmental conditions associated with energy production and use are primary goals of global change science. Coupled carbon-nitrogen ecosystem process models identify and predict important factors that govern long term changes in terrestrial carbon stores or net ecosystem production (NEP). By quantifying and reducing uncertainty in model estimates using existing datasets, this research provides a solid scientific foundation for evaluating carbon dynamics under conditions of future climate change and land management practices at local and regional scales. Through the combined use of field observations, remote sensing data products, and the NCAR CESM/CLM4-CN coupled carbon-climate model, the objectives of this project were to 1) determine the interactive effects of changing environmental factors (i.e. increased CO���, nitrogen deposition, warming) on net carbon uptake in temperate forest ecosystems and 2) predict the net carbon emissions of West Coast forests under future climate scenarios and implementation of bioenergy programs. West Coast forests were found to be a current strong carbon sink after accounting for removals from harvest and fire. Net biome production (NBP) was 26 �� 3 Tg C yr�����, an amount equal to 18% of Washington, Oregon, and California fossil fuel emissions combined. Modeling of future conditions showed increased net primary production (NPP) because of climate and CO��� fertilization, but was eventually limited by nitrogen availability, while heterotrophic respiration (R[subscript h]) continued to increase, leading to little change in net ecosystem production (NEP). After accounting for harvest removals, management strategies which increased harvest compared to business-as-usual (BAU) resulted in decreased NBP. Increased harvest activity for bioenergy did not reduce short- or long-term emissions to the atmosphere regardless of the treatment intensity or product use. By the end of the 21st century, the carbon accumulated in forest regrowth and wood product sinks combined with avoided emissions from fossil fuels and fire were insufficient to offset the carbon lost from harvest removals, decomposition of wood products, associated harvest/transport/manufacturing emissions, and bioenergy combustion emissions. The only scenario that reduced carbon emissions compared to BAU over the 90 year period was a 'No Harvest' scenario where NBP was significantly higher than BAU for most of the simulation period. Current and future changes to baseline conditions that weaken the forest carbon sink may result in no change to emissions in some forest types. / Graduation date: 2013