La presente tesi si pone l'obiettivo di analizzare la figura retorica della perifrasi nel tentativo di offrirne una definizione teorica esaustiva, a partire dal valore che le è conferito nella poetica di Charles Baudelaire. Dopo aver tracciato, da un punto di vista storico, la riflessione linguistica elaborata dal fondatore del Simbolismo francese, ci proponiamo di illustrare le ragioni che giustificano la ricorrenza della figura stilistica nella gamma delle esigenze espressive del movimento letterario della fin de siècle. Successivamente, interrogando la struttura linguistica e retorica di alcuni componimenti delle Fleurs du Mal, cercheremo di dimostrare come la perifrasi divenga, nello stile di Charles Baudelaire, lo strumento appropriato all'espressione dell'oggetto della Poesia, una materia invisibile e "inconnue", come la definisce il poeta, che l'artista deve plasmare al fine di conferirle una forma adeguata e intellegibile. Sulla base di tali presupposti, svilupperemo un discorso critico e ermeneutico sull'attività poetica baudelairiana, provando a delinearne la finalità ultima: la volontà di nominare ("perifrasticamente") l'Inconnu o l'Infini. Il linguaggio delle Fleurs du Mal sembrerebbe tradurre la mira artistica di rivelare l'Assoluto che si nasconde nell'apparenza transitoria della realtà e di restituirlo in una forma eterna: il testo poetico. Giungeremo pertanto a dimostrare come le strategie retoriche, le scoperte stilistiche e le scelte linguistiche esibite da Charles Baudelaire inaugurino la via intrapresa dalla poesia moderna, ossia la ricerca di una scrittura ermetica, la forma adeguata al contenuto trascendente dell'arte. / This thesis analyses the periphrastic figure and aims to provide a theoretical definition of the trope based on its usage in the poetics of Charles Baudelaire. Through a historical restitution of the linguistic reflections expounded by the founder of French symbolism, the aim is to identify reasons behind the recurrence of this stylistic figure within the particular symbolic economy of the French fin de siècle literary movement. By exploring the linguistic and rhetorical structure of certain poems within the Fleurs du mal, I will identify ways in which the trope becomes both an appropriate tool for expressing the poetic object, and an invisible and “unknown” element, as Baudelaire puts it, to which the poet must give an appropriate and intelligible form. From there, I aim to outline the objectives of Baudelairian poetry, in other words, to identify (“periphrastically”) the “unknown,” and to reveal how Baudelaire’s language conveys his artistic desire both to reveal the hidden Absolute that lies beneath reality and to render it in an eternal form: the poem. Baudelaire’s rhetorical devices, stylistic innovations, and linguistic choices seem to establish the route taken by modern poetry, that is, the search for a hermetic mode of writing, or even for the appropriate form its transcendental content might take.

Esta tesis describe la variación conceptual en terminología. Entendemos por variación conceptual el proceso cognitivo que conduce a cambios graduales en un concepto y se manifiesta lingüística y semánticamente en grados diferentes de equivalencia entre los sentidos de una unidad léxica o entre los sentidos de sus variantes léxico-semánticas. Este estudio se basa en los fundamentos de la Teoría Comunicativa de la Terminología (TCT) (Cabré, 1999), en la teoría del término (Averboukh, 2005) y en la teoría de variación léxico-semántica (Karcevski, 1926 en Zviagintsev (ed.), 1965; Kury³owicz, 1955; Vinogradov, 1944; Smirnitsky, 1954; Ajmanova, 1957/2004; Nikitin 1974; Shmelev 1973/2008; Ufimtseva: 1986/2002; Solntsev, 1984, 1998, entre otros). Es un trabajo teórico, descriptivo y cualitativo que combina los postulados de la lingüística estructural y cognitiva y dos perspectivas del análisis del léxico: la semasiológica y la onomasiológica. La parte empírica de este estudio se basa en el método de estudio de casos e incluye el análisis de tres tipos de casos. En el caso A se comprueba que la situación prototípica de una acción nombrada por una unidad léxica nominal deverbal se proyecta en otros tipos de situaciones, conservando el Esquema nuclear o concepto básico. En el caso B se constata que una unidad léxica potencialmente polisémica actualiza diferentes significados y sentidos en el discurso especializado con dos tipos de relación entre ellos: intersección (polisemia irregular interdominio o intradominio) e inclusión (polisemia regular intradominio o interdominio). Se demuestra también que el comportamiento sintáctico y semántico del término en el discurso puede revelar pistas de la variación conceptual del mismo. Y en el caso C se demuestra que los expertos conceptualizan y categorizan sus objetos de estudio de maneras diversas, usando diversas estrategias cognitivas en los discursos que construyen. / This thesis describes conceptual variation in Terminology. By conceptual variation we understand the cognitive process leading up to gradual changes in a concept and which can be observed in different degrees of equivalence among senses of a lexical unit or among senses of the related lexical-semantic variants in discourse.This study is based on the Communicative Theory of Terminology (Cabré, 1999), the Theory of the Term (Averboukh, 2005), and the Theory of Lexical-Semantic Variation (Karcevski, 1926 in Zviagintsev (ed.), 1965; Kury³owicz, 1955; Vinogradov, 1944; Smirnitsky, 1954; Ajmanova, 1957/2004; Nikitin 1974; Shmelev 1973/2008; Ufimtseva: 1986/2002; Solntsev, 1984, 1998, etc.). It is a theoretical, descriptive, and qualitative study, which combines principles of Structural and Cognitive Linguistics and the semasiological and onomasiological perspectives of lexical analysis. The empirical part of the research consists of three cases following the case study methodology.In Case A, we see that the prototypical situation of an action named by a deverbal noun is mapped onto different kinds of situations preserving the Nuclear Scheme or basic concept. In Case B, it is proven that a potentially polysemic lexical unit activates various meanings and senses in specialized discourse, thus establishing two types of relations between them: intersection (inter- and intradomain irregular polysemy) and inclusion (inter- and intradomain regular polysemy). It is also demonstrated that the syntactic and semantic behaviour of terminological units in discourse can provide clues about conceptual variation. In Case C, it is confirmed that experts conceptualize and categorize their objects of study in different ways and construe their discourse using different cognitive strategies.