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Climate change creates an imperative to develop renewable energy infrastructure, and the state of Vermont has committed to developing new renewables. However, renewables pose significant threats to natural systems because of the dramatic changes to ecosystems that occur with development. Public outcry over new developments and dissatisfaction with the current process used for siting indicate that the old regulatory process may be outdated. This thesis seeks to bridge the divide between ecology and law in renewable energy infrastructure siting. Using the state of Vermont as a case study, it suggests a new, proactive energy planning process that would use spatial analysis and public involvement to bring experts and citizens together to evaluate difficult tradeoffs and make hard choices about where to site renewables. In this thesis I use content analysis to determine which issues are important to stakeholders involved in the debate about energy siting. I then develop spatial analysis of Chittenden County to examine four metrics important to siting: generating potential, carbon storage, viewshed, and biodiversity. This spatial analysis could be applied by policy makers to evaluate tradeoffs among these four metrics. Finally, I propose a new regulatory siting process that would use stakeholder engagement and proactive planning to create "Renewable Energy Zones" where development could be fast-tracked while safeguards are in place to protect important natural resources and the public interest. A better understanding of public concern, landscape-scale spatial modeling of ecosystem services, and a new proactive energy planning process could pave the way for a more effective siting process that allows for rapid development of renewables to combat climate change and includes local voices.

Bakgrund: Anläggningslokalisering är för de flesta organisationer ett strategiskt beslut och traditionellt sett har dessa beslut beserats på kostnadsorienterade modeller. Dessa modeller kan beskrivas som matematiska eller faktorvärderande. Historiskt sett har dessa modeller använts för att bestämma ekonomiskt lämpliga placeringar men när andra fördelar som miljö och sociala fördelar kan öka en organisations konkurrensfördelar har intresset för hållbar utveckling ökat. I dagsläget finns dock inga modeller där hänsyn tas till hållbar utveckling för anläggningslokalisering. Det framgår att kunskapen om hållbar utveckling vid logistiklokalisering är bristfällig och att det finns ett behov att introducera hållbara aspekter vid beslutsfattande som rör lokalisering. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att kartlägga vilka hållbara faktorer som är viktigast vid logistiklokalisering samt att rangordna dessa med en modell som utgår ifrån de tre dimensionerna av hållbar utveckling; ekonomi, socialt och miljö. Metod: En litteraturstudie gjordes på vetenskapliga artiklar, böcker och dokument som berör de ämnen som varit aktuella för denna studie. För att komplettera teorin gjordes en fallstudie med intervjuer på organisationer som jobbar med regional utveckling samt med en upphovsman av en lokaliseringsmodell som börjat jobba med hållbarhet. Resultat: I resultatet samlades respondenternas synpunkter om hållbarhet och arbetet med hållbar utveckling inom logistiketableringar. Analys och Diskussion: det framkom att respondenterna hade lite olika synvinklar på hållbarhet men att de ändå kom fram till samma slutsats. Samtliga respondenter tog upp hållbara transporter, kompetenstillgången och tillgången på arbetskraft som viktiga aspekter för hållbara etableringar. För att motivera hållbara logistikverksamhets-lokaliseringar visade sig tillgången till dessa faktorer vara viktiga. När analysen sammanställdes visade det sig att sex faktorer trädde fram i intervjusvaren samt även i teorin. Dessa var hållbar infrastruktur, livscykelperspektiv, omgivningens påverkan, logistikparker, arbetskraft och mångfald. Slutsats: De sex kriterierna som togs fram rangordnades med hjälp av en AHP-beslutsmodell och det visade sig att hållbar infrastruktur är viktigast för hållbar utveckling inom logistiklokaliseringar. Därefter kom livscykelperspektiv, logistikparker, arbetskraft, omgivningens påverkan och till sist mångfald. Lärdomarna efter denna studie är att hållbarhet inom lokalisering fortfarande är bristfällig och att lokalisering bör ske utifrån samarbeten och arbetskraftutveckling i större grad. Genom att föreslå viktiga faktorer finns nu ett ramverk att jobba efter när det kommer till hållbara logistiklokaliseringar. / Background: Facility location is for most organizations a strategic decision and traditionally, these decisions have been based on cost-oriented models. These models can be described as mathematical or evaluative factor. Historically, these models are used to determine the appropriate economic placements but other benefits such as environmental and social benefits can increase an organization's competitive advantage when interest in sustainable development has increased. In the current situation, there are no models that take into account sustainable development in facility location. It is clear that knowledge of sustainable development in logistics business location is flawed and that there is a need to introduce sustainable aspects when making decisions related to localization problems. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the most important sustainable factors in logistics business location and to rank them with a model based on the three dimensions of sustainable development; economic, social and environmental. Method: A literature review was conducted based on scientific articles, books and documents related to the topics that have been considered for this study. To complement the theory a case study was implemented based on interviews with organizations that work with regional development as well as an author of a localization model with sustainable aspects. Results: The respondents view on sustainability and sustainability in logistics were collected in this section. Analysis and Discussion: It was revealed that the respondents had slightly different perspectives on sustainability but they still came to the same conclusion. All respondents talked about sustainable transports, availability of labor workers and also availability of skilled personnel as important aspects of sustainable establishments. To motivate sustainable logistics localizations it came clear that access to these factors is important. When the analysis was compiled, it was found that six factors emerged in the interview responses, as well as in theory. These were sustainable infrastructure, life-cycle perspective, influences on the surroundings, logistics parks, labor and diversity. Conclusion: The six criteria that were developed were ranked using an AHP decision model, and it turned out that sustainable infrastructure is the most important factor for sustainable development in logistics localizations. Then came the life-cycle perspective, logistics parks, labor, influences on the surroundings and ultimately diversity. Lessons learned by this study are that the sustainability in localization is still inadequate and that the localization should be based on partnerships and workforce development to a greater degree. By proposing important factors a framework is developed to work by when it comes to sustainable logistics localizations.

隨著台灣超市業的市場近年來逐漸成長，超市業者間的競爭也日益激烈，其中又以全聯和頂好等前幾大超市業者間的競爭情況更為明顯。相對於頂好，全聯進入市場的時期較晚，但全聯在進入市場後即在數年內追平頂好在台灣的店面數量。因此，本研究以全聯和頂好做為本研究探討的標的，並探究在動態競爭的環境下，全聯的選址策略如何成功打入市場及其策略如何受到市場因素和頂好設點行動的影響。 本研究以台北市作為研究範圍。台北市為全台最大的零售消費市場，因此探討台北市超市業者的競爭具有其指標性的意義存在。另一方面，台灣各區域的人口特性和市場結構皆有差異性，因此單就台北市去進行分析，也能夠更確切的分析上述所提之要素間的關係。本研究在分析的方法上主要採用敘述性分析和統計分析。針對全聯選址策略的考量，本研究主要採用敘述性分析，去探討台北市各區的市場概況，並繪製歷年台北市各區的零售消費市場規模以及全聯和頂好在台北市各區設點的走勢圖，以了解全聯選址策略的考量要素。針對頂好設點行動和市場規模大小對全聯選址策略的影響，本研究透過複迴歸分析以了解全聯在進入市場的前後期，如何受到上述兩要素的影響。 / Due to the gradual growth of market size of supermarket industry in recent years, the competition among the supermarkets is getting intense, especially for those leading supermarket in Taiwan, such as Pxmart and Wellcome. Compared with Wellcome, Pxmart enter the supermarket market later, but it achieved the number of Wellcome’s supermarket in a few years after it enter the market. Therefore, this study will take Pxmart and Wellcome as the studying target and discuss how the siting strategy of Pxmart will be influenced by market factor and the siting action of Wellcome and how Pxmart uses its siting strategy so as to successfully enter the market under the environment of dynamic competition. This study takes the market of Taiepi city as the studying sphere owing to that Taipei can be the index for studying the competiton of supermarkets for being the biggest retail market in Taiwan. Besides, different region in Taiwan has different characteristic of consumer and market structure. As the result, it can analyze the relationship among the above-menitoned factors more accurately when focusing on studying the Taipei city. The analysis method of this study is mainly based on the descriptive analysis and statistical analysis. Considering the siting strategy of Pxmart, this study mainly adopts descriptive analysis to discuss the market situation in different district of Taipei city; furthermore, it also analyzes the influencial factors of siting strategy of Pxmart by drawing the trend chart of Pxmart’s and Wellcome’s siting and the retail market size in different region. Regarding the influence of Wellcome’s siting action and retail market size on Pxmart’s siting strategy, this study adopts the multiple regression to analyze how Pxmart’s siting strategy was influenced by the aforementioned factors in early and later period after Pxmart’s entrance to the market.

LULU (Locally Unwanted Land Use) and NIMBY (Never In My Back Yard) are often cited as two major hurdles to overcome for successful siting of a noxious facility. Among various types of waste in Korea, food waste has been posing a serious problem for its high rate of moisture and salt component (MOE 2001). This has necessitated siting of large scale composting facilities around the country. Although there has been an increasing number of studies on NIMBY towards siting of noxious facilities, one can hardly find a study on NIMBY attitudes toward a composting facility from an economic perspective. To analyze NIMBY attitude of residents in Cheju City, Korea toward hosting a composting facility, we base our theoretical analysis on the expected utility theory and subsequently use a MNLM (muitinomial logit model) for empirical analysis. This study consists of four major parts: theoretical analysis, data management, MNLM estimations, and interpretation. A theoretical model is constructed by maximizing expected utility: first, a two-choice model, then extending it to a three-choice model to incorporate residents' uncertain attitudes toward a composting facility, providing a theoretical basis for using MNLM model. Our empirical results show with statistical significance that the higher the income, the stronger the NIMBY attitude towards siting a composting facility. Further, it shows that the negative effect of economic benefits on NIMBY attitude is (marginally) stronger than the positive effect of environmental concern, which contrast with what is usually observed in US where the effect of environmental concern dominates over that of economic benefits. Socio-demographic variables included to have the economic variables controlled for are mostly insignificant. Further, from our empirical results is deduced that the residents gave uncertain responses are tilted towards accepting the composting facility.

A prolonged siting controversy for a uranium enrichment facility has occurred in the Town of Unicoi, Tennessee. One hundred-seventy residents of Unicoi were interviewed using a questionnaire regarding the building of a proposed uranium enrichment facility for Unicoi. The questionnaire sought to determine relationships between residents’ risk perceptions and 18 variables. When the Fisher’s exact procedure was applied at α< 0.05, the results indicated several associations. Odds ratio measured the strength of association. Results are reported as crude measures of association. Risk perceptions were influenced by the choice of possible locations for the facility [p=0.0003; OR=32.6]. Residents' risk perceptions were associated with a history of working with nuclear materials [p=0.0476; OR=3.2]. Finally, risk perceptions were associated with residents' beliefs that the nuclear facility would affect their health [p=0.0001; OR=18.8]. These results are discussed in light of risk perception and communication theories.

The article provides the analysis of market development of commercial property constructions, trends, regularities, optimal site locations, characteristics of constructive choosing of combinations, of the main financial investment indices after change of political, economical and social relationships in the East Europe. The overview of the main modern investment requirements important for construction of commercial objects in order to get the maximum profit for exploitation thereof is provided. The models of choosing such indices as market research, site location, constructive combinations, financing of commercial objects are provided. It is emphasized that multiple criteria decision methods are most suitable and particularly ELECTRE III for research and valuation of investment project alternatives of commercial objects is singled out.

The article provides the analysis of market development of commercial property constructions, trends, regularities, optimal site locations, characteristics of constructive choosing of combinations, of the main financial investment indices after change of political, economical and social relationships in the East Europe. The overview of the main modern investment requirements important for construction of commercial objects in order to get the maximum profit for exploitation thereof is provided. The models of choosing such indices as market research, site location, constructive combinations, financing of commercial objects are provided. It is emphasized that multiple criteria decision methods are most suitable and particularly ELECTRE III for research and valuation of investment project alternatives of commercial objects is singled out.

Χωροθέτηση μονάδας επεξεργασίας ΑΣΑ σε συνδιασμό με τον απαραίτητο ΧΥΤΥ, με μικτό ακέραιο γραμμικό προγραμματισμό, για τη βελτιστοποίηση των ακολουθούμενων διαδρομών των απορριμματοφόρων προς την μονάδα επεξεργασίας και απο την μονάδα προς τον ΧΥΤΥ.Εγινε με εφαρμογή GIS στη Μεσσηνία. / The current thesis is about optimum siting of a MSW treatment plant combined with a landfill for residues based on mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and GIS methodology.