Title: Comparison of ski teaching plans and ski qualifications between Czech republic and New Zealand. Objectives: Main objective of this thesis is the comparison of lesson plans and qualifications between the Czech Republic and New Zealand. As a basic educational program in the Czech Republic was chosen Czech ski school. Methods: This theoretical work processes, sorts and critically analyzing the survey findings on the current topic. Information needed for this work were obtained in several ways. It was a content analysis of documents, observation and experience. Results: After comparing Czech and New Zealand methodology of teaching skiing were not found distinct differences, they appeared in a comparison of the requirements for obtaining the qualifications of the same level - age, length of course and obtained permission to teach. It differs also focus and scope of ski organizations. Keywords: skiing, methodology, qualifications, ski teaching

<p>Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka huruvida en stor andel av intensiva grenspecifika pass utvecklade den aeroba kapaciteten hos motionärer som tränar inför Vasaloppet. Två testmetoder användes; ett maximalt laktattest på rullskidor utomhus och ett maximalt cykeltest på en cykelergometer inomhus. En utav fp genomförde ett tidstest på rullskidor på en given sträcka istället för laktattestet. Båda testerna genomfördes före och efter en 11-veckors träningsperiod som bestod av 41 procent medel- och högintensiva pass som genomfördes grenspecifikt. Det betyder intervaller på rullskidor eller i skidgång samt snabbdistanspass på rullskidor. Övriga 59 procent av träningspassen genomfördes på en lågintensiv nivå, vilket är mindre än de 70-80 procent som normalt förespråkas för en uthållighetsidrottare. 4 försökspersoner (fp) på motionsnivå deltog (4 män och 1 kvinna). Fp 3 förbättrade prestationen markant med 20 procent genom en minskning av blodlaktatkoncentrationer vid givna hjärtfrekvenser (HR), sålunda en förbättring av dels den aeroba laktattröskeln (LT) som den anaeroba laktattröskeln (AT). Fp 4 förbättrade prestationen med 15 procent genom att åka den givna sträckan under tidstestet på en snabbare tid vid andra tillfället. Fp 2 avverkade en 500m längre sträcka under andra rullskidtestet och förbättrade på så sätt sin prestation med 10 procent, fp fick dock en försämring av AT och hade högre blodlaktatkoncentrationer vid andra testtillfället. Fp 1 förbättrade LT men försämrade AT. Sammanfattningsvis, visar studien att ett 11-veckors träningsprogram bestående av mycket grenspecifik träning på högre intensiteter ledde till en klar prestationsförbättring hos två av fp, gällande alla parametrar som testades. De övriga två fp uppvisade vissa förbättringar men högre laktatkoncentrationer vid några mättillfällen.</p>

Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka huruvida en stor andel av intensiva grenspecifika pass utvecklade den aeroba kapaciteten hos motionärer som tränar inför Vasaloppet. Två testmetoder användes; ett maximalt laktattest på rullskidor utomhus och ett maximalt cykeltest på en cykelergometer inomhus. En utav fp genomförde ett tidstest på rullskidor på en given sträcka istället för laktattestet. Båda testerna genomfördes före och efter en 11-veckors träningsperiod som bestod av 41 procent medel- och högintensiva pass som genomfördes grenspecifikt. Det betyder intervaller på rullskidor eller i skidgång samt snabbdistanspass på rullskidor. Övriga 59 procent av träningspassen genomfördes på en lågintensiv nivå, vilket är mindre än de 70-80 procent som normalt förespråkas för en uthållighetsidrottare. 4 försökspersoner (fp) på motionsnivå deltog (4 män och 1 kvinna). Fp 3 förbättrade prestationen markant med 20 procent genom en minskning av blodlaktatkoncentrationer vid givna hjärtfrekvenser (HR), sålunda en förbättring av dels den aeroba laktattröskeln (LT) som den anaeroba laktattröskeln (AT). Fp 4 förbättrade prestationen med 15 procent genom att åka den givna sträckan under tidstestet på en snabbare tid vid andra tillfället. Fp 2 avverkade en 500m längre sträcka under andra rullskidtestet och förbättrade på så sätt sin prestation med 10 procent, fp fick dock en försämring av AT och hade högre blodlaktatkoncentrationer vid andra testtillfället. Fp 1 förbättrade LT men försämrade AT. Sammanfattningsvis, visar studien att ett 11-veckors träningsprogram bestående av mycket grenspecifik träning på högre intensiteter ledde till en klar prestationsförbättring hos två av fp, gällande alla parametrar som testades. De övriga två fp uppvisade vissa förbättringar men högre laktatkoncentrationer vid några mättillfällen.

In its Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change estimated that global mean temperature will increase between 1.8 to 4.0°C by the end of the 21st century. An increase in global temperature by even a few degrees could have significant environmental and economic impacts, and mean that economic sectors that are better able to adapt to a changing climate will prosper, and those that are not may decline, relocate or disappear. Traditional resource sectors, which are highly reliant on environmental conditions, such as agriculture and forestry have been considering the implications of climate change for several decades. The tourism sector, which is also highly reliant on environmental factors, has only begun to consider the possible impacts of climate change over the past five to seven years. The integrated effects of a changing climate are anticipated to have far-reaching consequences for the rapidly growing global tourism economy and the communities that rely on the sector. In fact, the United Nations World Tourism Organization [UNWTO], United Nations Environment Program [UNEP] and World Meteorological Organization [WMO] identified climate change as the ‘greatest challenge to the sustainability of the global tourism industry in the 21st century’. The winter tourism sector has been repeatedly identified as vulnerable to climate change due mainly to the high susceptibility of mountain environments and the projected reduction in natural snow availability. The international ski industry has received the most detailed attention because of the sector’s high cultural and economic importance in many regions. The multi-billion dollar ski sector is highly vulnerable to changes in both regional and local climate and as a result has been projected to experience decreased natural snow reliability resulting in decreased season length, increased snowmaking requirements, increased operating costs, and decreased revenues in association with decreased visitation. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to examine climate change vulnerability (see glossary of terms, p. xi) (both- supply and demand-sides) for the entire US Northeast ski tourism sector in order to understand how the regional marketplace, as a whole, is likely to change in response to projected climate change. Previous research has been piecemeal in its approach (i.e. examining either supply or demand) and has largely neglected to examine climate change vulnerability of the ski sector from a systems-based perspective (i.e. examining both supply and demand for a single marketplace). Understanding how the US Northeast ski area marketplace may contract under climate change conditions including how ski area competitors may fair under future conditions, and how demand-side behavioural response is likely to occur, would allow ski area operators and managers to develop and implement appropriate adaptation strategies that can help reduce the negative impacts of change while taking advantage of any opportunities. The research revealed that there is likely to be a contraction of ski area supply, which favours those ski areas that are able to afford the increased cost of adapting to projected changes in climatic conditions. Ski areas that are situated at higher elevations or are located in the northern portion of the Northeast region, were found to be at an advantage due to lower temperatures and more precipitation falling as snow. Ski areas in Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, and northeastern New York were projected to maintain longer season lengths, require less snowmaking and be more likely to be operational during the economically important Christmas-New Year holiday than ski areas in Connecticut or Massachusetts. The extent to which skiers intend to change their skiing behaviour in response to the projected impacts on ski area supply were not significantly greater than the extent to which they already change their skiing habits when current conditions are poor. This suggests that the future response to climate change is likely to be similar to that which has been observed during marginal snow conditions of the past, and that demand for skiing opportunities is not likely to reduce proportionally to the expected reduction in supply. In which case, the ski areas that are able to remain operational under projected climate change, may be able to take advantage of a possible geographic market shift (i.e. greater demand/market share for ski areas that remain). If there is a net transfer of demand throughout the remaining marketplace, it would mean that some communities would need to prepare for development pressures (e.g. water use for snowmaking, real estate development, slope expansion, congestion) associated with the concentration of ski tourism in fewer areas, while others would need to prepare for economic diversification and investment in alternative industries (i.e. adapted snow-based industry or non-snow-based industry).

In its Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change estimated that global mean temperature will increase between 1.8 to 4.0°C by the end of the 21st century. An increase in global temperature by even a few degrees could have significant environmental and economic impacts, and mean that economic sectors that are better able to adapt to a changing climate will prosper, and those that are not may decline, relocate or disappear. Traditional resource sectors, which are highly reliant on environmental conditions, such as agriculture and forestry have been considering the implications of climate change for several decades. The tourism sector, which is also highly reliant on environmental factors, has only begun to consider the possible impacts of climate change over the past five to seven years. The integrated effects of a changing climate are anticipated to have far-reaching consequences for the rapidly growing global tourism economy and the communities that rely on the sector. In fact, the United Nations World Tourism Organization [UNWTO], United Nations Environment Program [UNEP] and World Meteorological Organization [WMO] identified climate change as the ‘greatest challenge to the sustainability of the global tourism industry in the 21st century’. The winter tourism sector has been repeatedly identified as vulnerable to climate change due mainly to the high susceptibility of mountain environments and the projected reduction in natural snow availability. The international ski industry has received the most detailed attention because of the sector’s high cultural and economic importance in many regions. The multi-billion dollar ski sector is highly vulnerable to changes in both regional and local climate and as a result has been projected to experience decreased natural snow reliability resulting in decreased season length, increased snowmaking requirements, increased operating costs, and decreased revenues in association with decreased visitation. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to examine climate change vulnerability (see glossary of terms, p. xi) (both- supply and demand-sides) for the entire US Northeast ski tourism sector in order to understand how the regional marketplace, as a whole, is likely to change in response to projected climate change. Previous research has been piecemeal in its approach (i.e. examining either supply or demand) and has largely neglected to examine climate change vulnerability of the ski sector from a systems-based perspective (i.e. examining both supply and demand for a single marketplace). Understanding how the US Northeast ski area marketplace may contract under climate change conditions including how ski area competitors may fair under future conditions, and how demand-side behavioural response is likely to occur, would allow ski area operators and managers to develop and implement appropriate adaptation strategies that can help reduce the negative impacts of change while taking advantage of any opportunities. The research revealed that there is likely to be a contraction of ski area supply, which favours those ski areas that are able to afford the increased cost of adapting to projected changes in climatic conditions. Ski areas that are situated at higher elevations or are located in the northern portion of the Northeast region, were found to be at an advantage due to lower temperatures and more precipitation falling as snow. Ski areas in Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, and northeastern New York were projected to maintain longer season lengths, require less snowmaking and be more likely to be operational during the economically important Christmas-New Year holiday than ski areas in Connecticut or Massachusetts. The extent to which skiers intend to change their skiing behaviour in response to the projected impacts on ski area supply were not significantly greater than the extent to which they already change their skiing habits when current conditions are poor. This suggests that the future response to climate change is likely to be similar to that which has been observed during marginal snow conditions of the past, and that demand for skiing opportunities is not likely to reduce proportionally to the expected reduction in supply. In which case, the ski areas that are able to remain operational under projected climate change, may be able to take advantage of a possible geographic market shift (i.e. greater demand/market share for ski areas that remain). If there is a net transfer of demand throughout the remaining marketplace, it would mean that some communities would need to prepare for development pressures (e.g. water use for snowmaking, real estate development, slope expansion, congestion) associated with the concentration of ski tourism in fewer areas, while others would need to prepare for economic diversification and investment in alternative industries (i.e. adapted snow-based industry or non-snow-based industry).

This study critically examined how three Canadian ski resorts markets to the Nexus Generation (population cohort aged 18 to 35 years) by evaluating the marketing practices of three leading ski resorts owned by a major resort development company located in Canada. The research objectives were to critically review the resorts' marketing methods for profiling and targeting the Nexus Generation, and evaluate the effectiveness of these methods based on established theory in generational marketing. The study followed a case study approach and a qualitative research methodology. Marketing Directors from the three ski resorts were recruited into the study and interviewed using semi-structured interview methods. Interviews were conducted on-site at the respective resorts in order to provide a more natural environment for the participants and to facilitate field observations and collection of marketing plans and materials. Data analysis focused on the resorts' profiles and amenities, their target consumer groups, and their marketing approaches, including any use of generational marketing methods, and any targeting of Nexus. The results indicate that the ski resorts' application of generational marketing as a marketing strategy and their perceptions of Nexus as a market segment correlated well with theories of generational marketing and the Nexus generation. The Nexus generation was not identified as a specific target market, however, it overlapped many of the target groups outlined by the ski resorts. Although not marketed to directly, Nexus was identified as an important group and in particular their vitality and youth were valued as a desirable quality to have associated with the resort. Generational marketing was used by each of the resorts to varying degrees, however, further steps could be taken in this area such as determining major world and life experiences that have affected the attitudes of skiing consumers, including their perceptions of critical ski resort amenities and services, and their attitudes towards money and consumerism more generally. The analysis contributed to the literature by providing a concrete case study that critically evaluated generational marketing approaches at three Canadian ski resorts, and points the way for further use of generational marketing methods in the ski industry.

In 2003, the Centre for Operations Excellence at the University of British Columbia's Sauder School of Business worked on a project for a company in the resort industry. The project was an initial attempt to develop and implement a pricing management practice for the ski lift ticket business of that company. Our main deliverable was the development of an Excel-based tool with a user-friendly interface that could help the company in their budgeting of the ski lift ticket business. After completing the project, we did some further investigation relative to pricing management techniques that could be applied to this sort of business, namely a congestible service industry. In this thesis we argue that a revenue management system could bring substantial benefits if implemented in this industry. We also identify the requirements and main features of a revenue management system applied to congestible service industries. Although revenue management is a very popular system in fields such as the airline, hotel and car rental industry, none of them can be classified as congestible industries. The ski lift ticket industry and similar industries possess one characteristic that differentiates them from the ones previously mentioned, there is no fixed capacity. This is the reason why we considered important to study the application of revenue management in congestible service industries.

This thesis suggests that architectural interventions can aid in reintegrating an ethos of interconnectedness between recreationists and nature, as well as between recreationists and community, by emphasizing and intertwining natural forces and cultural flows. The analogy of a skier in motion, interacting with the landscape and gravity, inspires architectural moves. Revelstoke, British Columbia, Canada, a prime example of a mountain community that has experienced a shift to corporate-based skiing, is the location for this exploration.

Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo slidininkų rengimas yra nemažai tyrinėtas, tačiau mokslinių tyrimų duomenų apie jaunųjų slidininkių rengimą, fizinių ir funkcinių galių kaitą dar nepakanka. Didelio meistriškumo ir jaunimo grupių slidininkių rengimo ir jų varžybinės veiklos specifiškumas yra aktuali sportinio rengimo problema. Todėl tobulėjant technologijoms, treniruočių metodikai, didėjant sportininkų fizinėms ir funkcinėms galioms yra svarbu ir toliau tirti Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo slidininkių rengimą ir ypač aktualu yra tirti jaunųjų slidininkių rengimo ypatumus Lietuvos sąlygomis ir šių tyrimų rezultatus palyginti su ankstesnių kartų Lietuvos slidininkių tyrimų duomenimis. Iškyla mokslinė problema, ištirti įvairių kartų Lietuvos slidininkių rengimo turinį, priemones ir metodus ir palyginti tyrimų duomenis tarpusavyje. Tyrimo tikslas ir uždaviniai - išanalizuoti ir palyginti įvairių kartų Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo slidininkių rengimą ir fizinių bei funkcinių galių kaitą metiniu treniruočių ciklu. Išanalizuoti olimpinės čempionės, trijų olimpinių žaidynių dalyvės ir jaunosios slidininkės rengimąsi metiniu treniruočių ciklu. Išnagrinėti Lietuvos slidininkių fizinių ir funkcinių galių kaitą metiniu treniruočių ciklu. Atskleisti Lietuvos slidininkių rezultatų kaitą metiniu treniruočių ciklu. LEU Sporto mokslo instituto laboratorijoje ir Lietuvos sporto medicinos centre buvo atliktas trijų Lietuvos įvairių kartų ir skirtingo amžiaus didelio meistriškumo slidininkių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Preparation of Lithuanian elite skiers have been many analized, but there are not enough scientific data about physical and functional power alternation and preparation of young skiers. Elite and young skiers group specificity of preparation and competition activities is the actual sport's preparation problem. During modernization of technologies and training methodology, and also increasing sportsmen's physical and functional power, it is important to continue Lithuanian elite skiers preparation research and especially actual task is to analyse young skiers preparation features in condition of Lithuania and to compare research results with the previous generation skiers preparation characteristics. The problem of the research is to analyse Lithuanian different skiers generations training content, tools and methods of preparation, and to make the data comparison of different tasks. The aim and tasks of the research: to analyse and compare Lithuanian different generations elite skiers preparation and the dynamics of theirs physical and functional power at the annual training cycle. To analyse and compare the traning methods of threefold participant of Olympic Games and the young skier at the annual traning cycle. To analyse the changes of the Lithuanian skiers physical and functional power at the annual training cycle. To reveal the changes of Lithuanian skiers achievements at the annual training cycle. In LEU sports science institute laboratory and Lithuanian sports medical... [to full text]

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1994. / Typescript. Cover title. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-220).