Title: Analysis of techniques in wild water kayaking during competitions in wild water slalom Objectives: 1. To analyze race runs of the best world kayakers in top competitions in wild water slalom in frequency of use of individual types of strokes and technics of passing through upstream and downstream gates 2. Determine the percentage of using forwards and driving strokes in competition runs of best world kayakers Methods: Observationally descriptive study based on organized, non-behavioral observation of a targeted sample of the population of athletes, specifically a group of top kayakers. Sequence video analysis in the Darthfish computer program, based on the recording of predefined technical elements that appear in the competition runs of the best world kayakers. The observation was done by one professional expert by intra-observating method. The data was processed in the Microsoft Excel computer program using basic statistics. The individual outputs were described in details. Results: Top world kayakers are mostly using sweep technique when passing through the upstream gates in competitions There is a high share of forwards strokes against driving strokes in competition runs of top world kayakers Key words: wild water slalom, technique, tactics, competition, passing gates, video analysis

Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate if the aggression levels differs between the sports swimming, thaiboxing and slalom skiing. There is no knowledge of aggression levels in these sports in a Swedish context. Method Quantitative method was used for data collection in the study and 66 questionnaires were distributed to men and women in swimming, thaiboxing and slalom skiing. A validated questionnaire, The Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), was translated into Swedish. The factors that were investigated in the questionnaire were verbal aggression, anger, hostility and physical aggression and the questionnaire included 29 statements. In total, 65 participants answered the questionnaire and the response rate was 98 %. Descriptive statistics were used to investigate differences in aggression levels, gender, age and sport. The age of the participants was divided into three categories, under 20, from 20-29 and over 30. Results The results showed that there were significant differences in aggression levels between the different sports. The aggression levels were highest in slalom and lowest in swimming. In addition, the results showed that there is a gender difference between women and men and men had higher aggression. In total, the men in slalom had the highest levels of aggression while the women in swimming had the lowest levels. The women in thaiboxing had the highest levels of aggression among all women. Finally, the results showed that the aggression levels were lowest among those over 30 years. Conclusions This study shows that there are differences in aggression levels among sports swimming, thaiboxing and slalom, and that there are gender differences. Men in slalom skiing had the highest levels of aggression while the women in swimming had the lowest. The conclusion is that in sports with high level of aggression it is beneficial to discuss and learn how to deal with the aggression. / Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om aggressionsnivån skiljer sig mellan de olika sporterna simning, thaiboxning och slalom. Det saknas kunskap om aggressionsnivåer i dessa sporter i en svensk kontext. Metod Kvantitativ metod användes för datainsamling i denna studie och 66 enkäter delades ut till aktiva kvinnor och män i sporterna simning, thaiboxning och slalom. En validerad enkät, The Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), användes översatt till svenska. De olika faktorer som undersöktes i enkäten var verbal aggression, ilska, fientlighet och fysisk aggression. Sextiofem deltagare besvarade enkäten och svarsfrekvensen i studien var 98%. Deskriptiv statistik användes för att undersöka skillnader i aggressionsnivåer, kön, ålder och sport. Deltagarna delades upp i tre ålderskategorier, yngre än 20, mellan 20 - 29 och över 30 år. Resultat Resultaten visade att det finns signifikanta skillnader i aggressionsnivå mellan de olika sporterna. Aggressionsnivåer var högst bland slalomåkare och lägst i sporten simning. Dessutom visade resultaten att det är skillnad mellan kvinnor och män och män hade högre aggression. De slalomåkande männen hade högst i sammanlagda poäng medan kvinnorna i simning hade lägst. Thaiboxande kvinnor hade högst bland kvinnorna i den sammanlagda poängen. Avslutningsvis visade studien att personer över 30 år hade lägre aggressionsnivå än yngre. Slutsatser Studien visar att det fanns skillnader i aggressionsnivå mellan utövare i thaiboxning, slalom och simning. Männen i slalom skattade högst i alla aspekter som mätte aggression förutom fientlighet medan kvinnorna i simning skattade lägst. Slutsatser som dras är att i de sporter där det är hög aggressionsnivå kan det vara bra att jobba med sin ilska och lära sig att hantera den.

Title: Relationship between selected specific and general indicators of strength in water slalom competitors in category C1 Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out the relationship between the maximum strength tests at the gym and the explosive force test when paddling on flat water. Another aim of the thesis was to compare the measurement with results in selection races to Czech national team 2018. Methods: The test battery for general force tests included the bench press test, the attachment on the bench, the one arm attachment on the bench and the one arm pull up on the bar. To test the explosive force on a flat water we used a three-axis piezoelectric load cell 9137. Dewesoft Sirirus and Dewesoft, Dewetron, were used to diagnose the course of force. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the measurements. The degree of dependence was determined by the correlation coefficient value. Results: A strong dependence rate (r = ≥ 0.7) was demonstrated in the water test and the one arm attachment on the bench. There was no evidence of a strong degree of dependence on bench - press exercises (r = 0,63), the attachment on the bench (r = 0,58)and the one arm pull up on the bar (r = 0,04). The paddlers who achieved the best results in specific and general strength...

Title: Performance aspects in white water slalom Aim The study is a summary of articles published between the years 2006 - 2011. The aim is to present the researched issue of top - level sport in the example of white water slalom. Articles are arranged in accordance to the factors of sport performance. The first thematically include articles concerned with conditioning factors of performance, then continue articles analyzing somatic factors and at the end there are listed papers on psychological preparation and psychological factors. Methods These articles were mostly case studies which have been conducted on a sample of national team athletes or top athletes in the Czech Republic. The exception is the articles 5.3 and 5.4, which are descriptive studies on a large sample of top world class athletes. The studies used a survey and testing. Results The individual articles addressed the importance of performance indicators in white water slalom, applied to the selected factors. Results of studies are always subjected to deliberately selected files of athletes, top-level competitors in the Czech Republic and abroad. The results, therefore, cannot be generalized and applied to a population of white water slalom racers, but can show some patterns that could be accepted in practice.

Title: Comparison of the results of aerobic exercise testing while kayak paddling whith crank ergometry of upper limbs. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the results of aerobic execise diagnostics of 6 elite kayakers (white water slalom) when paddling of flat water with crank ergometry of upper limbs. The results obtained when paddling on flat water were also compared with results obtained when paddling in the pool with counter (bachelor thesis). Based on the results we wanted to answer the question about the possible use specific forms of stress diagnosis (spiroergometry) in routine practice of training proces. Methods: We used standardized laboratory spiroergomtry stress test at crank ergometry of upper limbs and spiroergometry stress test when paddling on flat water of the same protocol. To obtain the functional values of physiological indicators in both test we used mobile spiroergometry equipment Cortex Metamax 3B and sporttester Polar. Feedback of probands were identified based on suervey with closed questions. Results: Testing kayakers reached when paddling on flat water the average functional values: heart rate (HR) 188,5 (±8,77) beats per minute, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max.) 56 ml.kg.min-1 (±6.31); maximum ventilation (VMAX.) 127.31 l.min-1 (±15.16);...

Title: The comparative analysis of forward stroke on the slalom kayak, wildwater kayak and speed kayak The Aim: Aim of this work is the comparative analysis of forward stroke on the kayak to slalom kayak, wildwater kayak and speed kayak. Methods: For comparison, we used electromyography measurements, we have synchronized with video. Results: The results of this work we show that most differences in the forward stroke, according to timing of entries we selected muscle activation between the speed and slalom kayak. Keywords: Electromyography, forward stroke, slalom, wildwater, speed canoeing

Title: Comparison of selected parameters when skiing and snowboarding. Objectives: The aim of this work is to compare pulse rate and functioning speed while skiing and snowboarding in the slalom track. Methods: Statistical indicators used to calculate BMI (body mass index), pulse rate measuring using the Polar brand sport tester, the stopwatches to time the functioning speed, statistical methods to calculate the arithmetic average. Results: According to the results the hypothesis H1 was confirmed, so the functioning speed while skiing will be shorter than while snowboarding in the slalom track. In second hypothesis H2, the fact that the volume of strain while snowboarding is higher than while skiing in the slalom track did not confirm. Key Words: skiing, snowboarding, pulse rate, speed, slalom track

The instrumentation and methodology of this study provided quantitative data for a group of six advanced slalom skiers. Rope load, skier velocity, ski roll, ski acceleration and ski deceleration were calculated during the deep water start and cutting portion of a slalom run. Four different ski designs were tested in order to determine if the test subjects were able to achieve a different level of performance on each ski. Through a statistical analysis there was enough evidence to suggest that a different performance was achieved between the skis, for rope load and peak roll. There was also enough evidence to suggest that the skiers were achieving different overall levels of performance. The analysis procedure of this study achieved the goal of proving that it could be used to improve coaching capabilities and product design in the water ski industry.

Title: Muscle imbalances in white water canoeing measured by TMG Aims: The aim of this paper was to select the endangered muscle groups, to identify possible imbalances using tensiomyograph (TMG 100) and to define hypotheses about the influence of training load in water slalom on the development of imbalances in the selected specific muscle groups. Methods: This work has a character of a qualitative research. Specifically, 6 case studies were carried out, appended by control measurements after one year, in which emphasis was placed on the detection of characteristic muscle imbalances that could arise as a result of specific training activities in water slalom. To measure these muscle imbalances, we used tensiomyograph (TMG 100). Results: Among the measured participants, we found that during a one-year training cycle, significant changes in the functionality of individual muscle groups have occurred. The most endangered groups, ie the groups with the most significant changes, included BB, DEL, LD and TRM. There have been also notable changes in the functional symmetry of the elbow joint, where 4 out of 5 participants have deteriorated during the year. It was also found, that women might be more prone to imbalances as an effect of the specific activity compared to men. Key words: white water...

Title: Influence of selected conditional factors on performance in white water slalom. Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of selected specific movement abilities being examined modified test battery with the performance of athletes in the water slalom. Methods: It was used field measurements where the applied modified test battery. Using GPS module to determine the distance partial tests from batery. For measuring was used manual measurement. To determine the statistical correlation between the modified battery and performance ability of competitors was used two different coefficients of correlation and regression analysis. According to the order of the test and the race was used nonparametric correlation study - Spearman correlation coefficient. Determining the statistical significance of the relationship of measured times in tests and final time in the nomination races have used the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: For a statistically significant relationship was determined value when r ≥ 0.8. Spearman's correlation coefficient: In the test at 40 m were obtained these correlation coefficients: Nomination races rs = 0,380952, Czech cup rs = 0,595238. In the test at 80 meters they were obtained these correlation coefficients: nomination races rs = 0,857143,...