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"Jag vill inte vara den där tjocka mamman" : En studie kring kvinnligt kroppsideal under och efter en graviditetAndersson, Nina, Haglund, Emelie January 2009 (has links)
<p>Studien grundar sig på kvalitativa intervjuer med åtta kvinnliga informanter. Syfte med studien är att undersöka hur en grupp nyblivna mödrar eller gravida, själva beskriver egna och andras krav på att återgå till den ursprungliga kroppsformen eller det "ideal" som basuneras ut genom olika budskap via media, efter sina graviditeter.diskursen om kvinnokroppens ideal ...</p><p> </p>
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"Jag vill inte vara den där tjocka mamman" : En studie kring kvinnligt kroppsideal under och efter en graviditetAndersson, Nina, Haglund, Emelie January 2009 (has links)
Studien grundar sig på kvalitativa intervjuer med åtta kvinnliga informanter. Syfte med studien är att undersöka hur en grupp nyblivna mödrar eller gravida, själva beskriver egna och andras krav på att återgå till den ursprungliga kroppsformen eller det "ideal" som basuneras ut genom olika budskap via media, efter sina graviditeter.diskursen om kvinnokroppens ideal ...
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Information systems adoption in small business firms in the Western CapeDe Wet, Jacques Milne 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With the advent of low priced and easy to use computing capability, information systems
have become more accessible to smaller business. Despite the increased availability and
affordability, the perception exists that many small businesses are reluctant to adopt
technology that might enhance their operations. Besides the opportunities brought about by
information systems, this exposes businesses to additional risks and confusions.
The purpose of this study was to identify the state of use of various information systems, the
perception held about the business value of information systems and the factors that influence
the adoption of these systems by small businesses in the Western Cape. Based on previous
research in information systems adoption and theories from the technological innovation
literature, ten variables under the four broad categories of decision-maker characteristics,
organisational characteristics, information systems characteristics and external influences
were specified as primary determinants of adoption. These variables are the decision makers'
innovativeness, information systems knowledge and computer self-efficacy, the business size,
the availability of slack financial resources, employees' information systems knowledge, the
importance of information to the business, the perceived relative advantage of using
information systems, the social expectations about information systems use, and competitive
pressure. A distinction was made between the initial adoption decision and the extent of
adoption.
Data for the study was collected by means of a survey of 89 small businesses with less than
60 employees. Discriminant analysis was used to identify determinants for the initial decision
to adopt information systems, while structural equation modelling was used to identify the
factors that influence the extent of adoption. The findings in this study suggest that the
computer self-efficacy, information systems knowledge and innovativeness of the decisionmaker,
business size, perceived relative advantage and competition are important
determinants of the decision to adopt information systems. Once adopted, the decisionmaker's
innovativeness, business size, employee's information systems knowledge and
competition were found to further influence the extent of adoption. Although small businesses generally have a very positive view about the advantages of using
information systems, there is still scope for growth in information systems use in this sector.
The most common use for information systems is at an operational level. Very few small
businesses make strategic use of information systems. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwikkeling van relatief goedkoop en gebruikersvriendelike rekenaartegnologie het
inligtingstelsels meer toeganklik vir kleinsakeondernemings gemaak. Ten spyte hiervan,
bestaan 'n persepsie dat klein besighede traag is met die ingebruikneming van inligtingstelsels
om hulle operasionele metodes te verbeter. Inligtingstelsels ontwikkel nuwe geleenthede vir
kleinsakeondernemings, maar dit veroorsaak ook addisionele risikos en verwarring.
Hierdie studie poog om die omvang van inligtingstelselgebruik, die persepsies omtrent die
gebruik daarvan, en die faktore wat die ingebruikneming van inligtingstelsels in
kleinsakeondernemings beïnvloed in die Wes Kaap te ondersoek. 'n Model wat gebaseer is
op vorige studies van inligtingstelsel gebruik in kleinsakeondernemings, asook die teorie van
tegnologiese innovasie, word opgestel en getoets. Die model identifiseer en omskryf tien
veranderlikes in vier kategorieë wat die ingebruikneming van inligtingstelsels beïnvloed. Die
vier kategorieë is die eienskappe van die besluitnemer in die onderneming, eienskappe van die
onderneming, eienskappe van die inligtingstelsels self en eksterne faktore. Die
besluitnemereienskappe wat ondersoek is, is innovasie, kennis van inligtingstelsels, en
rekenaarselfvertroue. Vier sakeondernemingseienskappe, te wete grootte, beskikbaarheid van
spaar finansiële bronne, inligtingstelselkennis van personeel en die belangrikheid van inligting
vir die onderneming, is ondersoek. Onder die inligtingstelseleienskappe is die persepsie van
die relatiewe voordeel wat inligtingstelsels aan kleinsakeondernemings bied gemeet, en die
eksterne faktore wat ondersoek is, was die status wat geassosieer word met die gebruik van
inligtingstelsels asook druk as gevolg van kompetisie. Onderskeid is getref tussen die besluit
om inligtingstelsels te gebruik en die vlak van penetrasie van inligtingstelsels in die
kleinsakeonderneming nadat die aanvanklike besluit geneem is.
Data is ingesamel deur middel van 'n vraelys, wat deur 89 klein besighede voltooi is. Die
grootte van die kleinsakeondernemings het gewissel tussen eenmansake en sakeondernemings
met maksimaal sestig werknemers. Multiveranderlike statistiese metodes is gebruik om die
data te ontleed. Daar is bevind dat die besluitnemer se rekenaarselfvertroue, sy inligtingstelselkennis, sy
innovasie, die grootte van die sakeonderneming, relatiewe voordeel, en kompetisie belangrike
invloede is ten opsigte van die besluit om inligtingstelsels aan te neem.
Nadat die besluit geneem is om wel inligtingstelsels te gebruik, word die mate van gebruik
bepaal deur die innovasie van die besluitnemer, die grootte van die sakeonderneming, die
werknemers se kennisvlak van inligtingstelsels en kompetisie.
Oor die algemeen beskou kleinsakeondernemings inligtingstelsels as voordelig, maar dit lei
nie noodwendig tot die ingebruikneming daarvan nie. Daar is steeds heelwat moontlikhede
vir groei in die gebruik van inligtingstelsels in hierdie bepaalde sektor.
Kleinsakeondernemings maak hoofsaaklik gebruik van stelsels om hulle bedryf te verbeter
maar wend dit selde strategies aan.
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Antrepreneriškumo formavimas Lietuvos smulkaus ir vidutinio verslo įmonėse / Entrepreneurship formation in Lithuanian small and medium sized firmsStripeikis, Osvaldas 11 December 2008 (has links)
Išaugęs susidomėjimas smulkiu ir vidutiniu verslu ir jo reikšme pasaulio ekonomikai ir visam verslininkystės procesui, skatina mokslininkus diskutuoti apie šio objekto tyrimo metodologija. Nors ir visuotinai pripažįstama, kad verslininkystė yra vienas iš svarbiausių veiksniu, įtakojantis pokyčius ekonomikoje, reikia pastebėti, kad nėra nusistovėjusios vienos visoms šalims priimtinos metodikos. Tad nepakankamai ištirtas verslininkystės procesas – yra aktuali mokslinė problema. Disertacijoje atskleidžiamas šiuolaikinis požiūris į verslininkystės reiškinį ir jo reikšmę. Pateikiama išsami „verslininkystės“ ir „verslininko“ sampratų analizė skirtingose ekonominėse mokyklose. Taip pat pristatomas smulkaus ir vidutinio verslo vaidmuo šalies ekonominiuose procesuose. Analizuojama verslininkystės proceso samprata. Nagrinėjamas antrepreneriškumo reiškimasis versle ir antrepreneriškos organizacijos samprata. Parengiamas Lietuvos verslininkystės proceso tyrimo modelis. Remiantis juo, identifikuojamas Lietuvos smulkaus ir vidutinio verslo ir verslininkystės proceso ištirtumo lygį. Išryškinami veiksniai, įtakojantys Lietuvos smulkaus ir vidutinio verslo būklę ir vystymosi galimybes. Taip pat išryškinamos probleminės sritys, trukdančios verslininkystės proceso raidai. Siekiant spręsti tyrimo metu išaiškėjusias problemas, pateikiamas antrepreneriškos verslininkystės formavimo modelis smulkiame ir vidutiniame versle. / Increased interest in small business (SME) and entrepreneurship, foster researchers to discuss about methodology of this object and to look for possible ways of development of this sector. In spite of that interest, there is a lack of common, unified methodology, accepted in all countries. Absence of systematic research of entrepreneurship process- is relevant scientific problem, which should be solved. Author describes term “entrepreneurship process” and it’s main elements. Also is presented a broad analysis of terms “entrepreneurship” and “entrepreneur” in different economical schools. Is analyzed impact of small and medium seized business on economy and it’s place in entrepreneurship process. Business environment is changing radically and one of the main tasks for organizations – to become entrepreneurial. Research model of Lithuanian entrepreneurship process is composed. According this model, level of entrepreneurship process researches, implemented in Lithuania, is identified. Varies factors, influencing entrepreneurship process, are described and presented in dissertation. In order to solve identified problems, model of formation enterprising business in SME is presented. Activities of entrepreneur are formulated in order to implement enterprising culture in organization and to foster entrepreneurial behavior of such organization.
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The status of internal controls in fast moving consumer goods SMMEs in the Cape PeninsulaSiwangaza, Luyolo January 2013 (has links)
Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Technology: Internal Auditing
in the Faculty of Business
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2013 / At present, South African Small Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) play an important role in the stimulation of the national economy. Despite the above, prior research shows that the failure rate of these entities is exceedingly high. Several factors which impact on SMME sustainability have been identified by prior research and as a result SMME sustainability has received attention from both local- and national Government. One of the factors, which is perceived as a major contributor towards the high failure rate of SMMEs, is the lack of proper internal controls. The responsibility to implement internal controls and internal control frameworks, including the task to ensure that these controls are optimally used, lies with management. In essence, it can be said that a business that is uncontrollable, is ultimately, unmanageable.
The analogy was made by the author that “SMMEs are perceived as not sustainable owing to the utilisation of inadequate internal controls”. With the absence of adequate internal controls, an environment would be created where a business is susceptible to all kinds of detrimental risks (for example, fraud risk). When these risks are realised within a small business environment the overall sustainability of such a business will, more often than not, be negatively impacted upon.
The main objective of this study was to determine the degree to which the implementation of an adequate system of internal controls can help to improve SMMEs’ sustainability. The research that was conducted was empirical in nature and fell within the ambit of the positivistic research paradigm. The logical stance that was undertaken in this study was that of deductive reasoning and, furthermore, this research was regarded as applied research which incorporated quantitative research characteristics. To achieve the above dispensation, questionnaires were administered and distributed to 110 owners and/or managers of SMMEs which operated within the fast moving consumer goods industry, situated in the Cape Peninsula. The non-probability sampling technique that was executed comprised of purposive sampling, and data that were collected from this research was analysed by deploying descriptive and inferential statistics.
Lastly, the research conducted found that SMMEs have implemented internal controls as part of their business measures; however, the issue remains that a majority of these SMMEs are not aware of formal internal control frameworks to further enhance their existing internal control processes. To remedy the above concern, the author was of the perception that respondents should be trained on formal internal control frameworks in order to address the concern of limited awareness of existing internal control frameworks.
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Perceived barriers experienced by township small -, micro -, and medium enterprise entrepreneurs in MamelodiMaphalla, Shawn Thabo 05 June 2012 (has links)
M. Comm. / Entrepreneurship has a significant economic contribution in terms of employment, job creation and wealth creation that can be attributed to entrepreneurial enterprises (Bell, Callaghan, Demick & Scharf 2004:1). Entrepreneurial activity in any economy often takes place in the small- micro- and medium enterprise (SMME) business sector (Rwigema & Venter 2004:315). However, in the establishment of SMMEs, entrepreneurs encounter or perceive barriers that hinder the establishment, sustenance and growth of these important vehicles that are vital to the development of both society and the economy (Kunene 2008). The focus of this research study is therefore to identify barriers and perceived barriers to entrepreneurship. The study is exploratory and specifically attempts to identify and understand the barriers perceived and experienced by entrepreneurs in the township of Mamelodi in establishing, sustaining and growing enterprises.
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Porovnanie podpory malých a stredných podnikov v Českej republike a v Slovenskej republike / The comparison of small and medium-sized enterprises support in Czech Republic and Slovak RepublicKlačková, Katarína January 2009 (has links)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of supporting small and medium-sized enterprises. The objective of the thesis is to compile a summary of institutions concerned with business support in Czech Republic and Slovak Republic and compare certain types of business support in both countries. The first chapter clarifies the basic terms, shows definitions of micro, small and medium-sized companies according to different institutions and explains how small and medium-sized companies contribute to the economy of Czech Republic. The second chapter deals with institutions that are concerned with business support and support programmes financed from a state budget in Czech Republic and in Slovak Republic. Particular institutions provide enterprises with informational, material and financial support and are focused differently according to the purpose of their foundation, specific business segment they deal with or activities they perform or services that they provide. The third chapter is focused on business support from the European Union. The most important business support programme in Czech Republic is Operational Programme Enterprise and Innovation and in Slovak Republic Operational Programme Competitiveness and Economic Growth so the greatest attention is oriented on these two programmes. The fourth chapter deals with certain types of business support and compares their focus and results in Czech Republic and Slovak Republic. The comparison is made between particular types of support (e. g. indirect support, microloans), between specific groups of entrepreneurs (e. g. businesswomen, starting entrepreneurs) and particular business activities (e. g. export, business presentation). The conclusion reviews the results of the thesis and gives an advice which country has more favourable conditions for starting a business.
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Vad anser vi egentligen om överviktiga kvinnliga modeller? : En undersökning om killar och tjejers implicit bias gentemot smala vs överviktiga kvinnliga modellerKarneus, Florence, Sylwander, Victoria January 2019 (has links)
No description available.
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Sustainability of South African FMCG SMME retail businesses in the Cape PeninsulaBruwer, Juan-Pierre January 2010 (has links)
Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the
MTech: Internal Auditing
In the Faculty of Business
at the
CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, 2010 / The concept of Small Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) was created and
implemented by the South African Government in an attempt to improve the
economy of South Africa, reducing the unemployment rate and eliminating poverty.
As a basic objective, SMMEs strive toward sustainability, however in recent years
sustainability is at an all time low as substantial a number of these businesses fail to
become viable entities.
Popular literature show that Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) retail SMMEs
make ineffective use of their accounting resources, resulting in them making critical
business decisions without understanding and interpreting their financial performance
or financial positions. These decisions have a ‘toxic’ affect on their business
sustainability and as a result, it is perceived that these SMMEs make inefficient use
of financial performance measures.
The key objective of this research is to establish what financial performance
measures sourced from accounting resources are regarded as being critical for the
sustainability of FMCG retail SMMEs during the current dispensation of an economic
depression in South Africa.
To achieve the above dispensation, applied research will be used using ‘action
research’ as the primary research paradigm supported by questionnaires for the
purpose of data analysis, results of which were analysed using descriptive and
inferential statistics. Recommendations culminate from the research to mitigate the
research problem.
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The constraints SMMEs experieince whilst attempting to recover skills levies from the W&RSETAHess, Allison January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (MTech (Human Resource Management)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009 / This thesis explores the barriers/constraints that the SMME may experience whilst attempting
to recover their skills levies from the wholesale and retail SETA (W&RSETA).
Skills development legislation was introduced in South Africa to address the previous
disparities in education and training. The Skills Development Levies Act (SOLA) of 1999
established the introduction of skills levies. The SOLA stipulated that all companies with an
annual payroll in excess of R 500 000 would be required to pay skills levies to the South
African Revenue Service (SARS). SARS then distributes the funds to the relevant sector
education and training authority (SETA). The company would then have the option of
recovering up to seventy percent of its skills levies, provided that it had implemented various
skills development and training initiatives throughout the year. While larger companies may
be more attuned in terms of recovering these levies, small, micro and medium enterprises
(SMMEs) may experience difficulties in doing so.
The research design included a descriptive study of both qualitative and quantitative
components. The investigation was conducted by interviewing twenty stakeholders within the
wholesale and retail sector. The stakeholders were divided into two categories, namely
SMMEs and the assistants to SMMEs.
The information was analysed within the context of the twenty stakeholders interviewed who
were located in the Westem Cape area and registered with the W&RSETA. The findings
indicated that the main constraints that SMMEs may be experiencing whilst attempting to
recover their skills levies from the W&RSETA included: a lack of understanding of the grant
recovery system; lack of time; burdensome administration; a lack of finance; and a lack of
communication and support from the W&RSETA
This research would be a pilot study that would provide a basis for a future study which may
seek to provide practical recommendations to policy makers both in govemment and the
private sector, in terms of assisting levy paying SMMEs within the W&RSETA to recover skills levies.
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