This master thesis focuses on social networks and websites for readers. The first part includes an introduction to the topic, it also presents several typologies of users of social networks coupled with the characteristics specific to the users of readers networks, including structure of these sites in general. A detailed analysis of selected Czech and foreign networks and websites follows, while special attention was paid to the projects Goodreads and Databáze knih. The research section includes processed data and the results of the questionnaire survey and structured interviews with users of Goodreads. Preferences and opinions of the respondents sample of users were analyzed during the survey in order to outline the characteristics of the reader network, which will meet the user's requirements and expectations. Key words: social networks, websites for readers, reading

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Introduction. Social networks are used by around 3,600 million people, they facilitate communication and promote human ties; but its inappropriate use could cause problems and extreme addiction. Objective: Relate addiction to social networks and emotional intelligence. Method: Correlational study, 279 students of technical-superior level participated; The Social Media Addiction Questionnaire (ARS) and the Wong-Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (EI) were administered. Results: Obsession (ARS) negatively correlates with Use of one’s own emotions and Regulation of emotions; likewise, Lack of control and Excessive use (ARS) with the dimensions Valuation of one’s own emotions, Use of one’s own emotions and Regulation of emotions; but, no factor of the ARS correlates with Valuation of the Emotions of the others; Likewise, men and women do not differ in the ARS, those who have more hours of connection are more likely to show higher scores in network addiction; and, in terms of emotional intelligence, women value the emotions of others more. Conclusions: Addiction to social networks and emotional intelligence are negatively related in almost all their dimensions, but it is an association of low magnitudes. / Introducción. Las redes sociales son usadas por alrededor de 3,600 millones de personas, ellas facilitan la comunicación y favorecen los vínculos humanos; pero su uso inadecuado, podría ocasionar problemas y en el extremo adicción. Objetivo: Relacionar adicción a redes sociales e inteligencia emocional. Método: Estudio correlacional, participaron 279 estudiantes de nivel técnico-superior; se administraron el Cuestionario de Adicción a Redes Sociales (ARS) y la Escala de Inteligencia Emocional (IE) de Wong-Law. Resultados: Obsesión (ARS) correlaciona negativamente con Uso de las propias emociones y Regulación de las emociones; igualmente, Falta de control y Uso excesivo (ARS) con las dimensiones Valoración de las propias emociones, Uso de las propias emociones y Regulación de las emociones; pero, ningún factor del ARS correlaciona con Valoración de las Emociones de los demás; asimismo, hombres y mujeres no se diferencian en la ARS, los que tienen más horas de conexión son más propensos a mostrar puntajes más altos en adicción a redes; y, en cuanto a la inteligencia emocional, las mujeres valoran más las emociones de los demás. Conclusiones: La adicción a las redes sociales y la inteligencia emocional se relacionan negativamente en casi todas sus dimensiones, pero es una asociación de baja magnitud.

Prisoner's Dilemma is a game theory model used to describe altruistic behavior seen in various populations. This theoretical game is important in understanding why a seemingly selfish strategy does persist and spread throughout a population that is mixing homogeneously at random. For a population with structure determined by social interactions, Prisoner's Dilemma brings to light certain requirements for the altruistic strategy to become established. Monte Carlo simulations of Prisoner's Dilemma are carried out using both simulated social networks and a dataset of a real social network. In both scenarios we confirm the requirements for the persistence of altruism in a population.

Prisoner's Dilemma is a game theory model used to describe altruistic behavior seen in various populations. This theoretical game is important in understanding why a seemingly selfish strategy does persist and spread throughout a population that is mixing homogeneously at random. For a population with structure determined by social interactions, Prisoner's Dilemma brings to light certain requirements for the altruistic strategy to become established. Monte Carlo simulations of Prisoner's Dilemma are carried out using both simulated social networks and a dataset of a real social network. In both scenarios we confirm the requirements for the persistence of altruism in a population.

L2 proficiency gains during study abroad vary widely across individuals and programs, and much of the research in the study abroad literature attempts to identify the causes of this variance. Social network data has proven useful in explaining some of the variance in oral proficiency gains (Baker-Smemoe, Dewey, Bown, & Martinsen, 2014; Isabelli-García, 2006), and the current study builds on those findings by applying the same methodology to listening and reading proficiency in addition to speaking. Proficiency gains in listening, reading, and speaking were measured for 17 students from a US university studying abroad in Nanjing, China for one semester. Social network measures focused on interaction with native speakers (NS) were taken at the beginning, middle, and end of the study abroad program using the Study Abroad Social Interaction Questionnaire. Linear regression analyses showed that social network measures accounted for nearly 46% of the variance in listening gains, nearly 82% of the variance in reading gains, and nearly 46% of the variance in oral proficiency gains. These findings make a strong case for applying social network methods to understand listening and reading proficiency gains in study abroad.

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo relacionar las variables de autoestima y apoyo social percibido en universitarios que hacían uso de las redes sociales (RS). Se utilizó las escalas de Autoestima de Rosenberg (EAR) y la Escala de Soporte Social Percibido en Facebook (ESSPEF), que para propósitos de este estudio se adaptaron para la población elegida. Se usó un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo intencional y se seleccionaron 150 estudiantes participantes, de los cuales el 45.3% eran hombres de edades comprendidas entre los 18 a 25 años. Los resultados indicaron que existían correlaciones parciales entre ambas variables, de modo que feedback (ASP) correlacionó positivamente con autoestima positiva y negativamente con autoestima negativa, conversaciones privadas (ASP) correlacionó positivamente con autoestima negativa y; atención y consideración (ASP) correlacionó positivamente con autoestima positiva y negativamente con autoestima negativa. Se concluyó que a mayor cantidad de RS que utiliza el universitario, mayor será su necesidad de apoyo social percibido posiblemente, debido a la necesidad que siente a recibir una retroalimentación positiva por parte de sus contactos. Por lo cual, es importante continuar estudiando las consecuencias que trae consigo un uso no controlado de las RS, debido a que forma parte de la rutina diaria de los individuos y sobre todo de los jóvenes desde temprana edad. / The objective of this research was to relate self-esteem and perceived social support in university students who have used social networks (SN). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem scales (RSS) and the Perceived Social Support Scale on Facebook (PSSSF) were used, whose parameters were adapted for the chosen population. For this, an intentional non-probability sampling was performed and 150 participating students were selected, of whom 45.3% were men between the ages of 18 and 25. The results indicated that there are partial correlations between both variables, so Feedback (PSSSF) positively correlated with positive self-esteem and negatively correlated with negative self-esteem, private conversations (PSSSF) positively correlated with negative self-esteem and attention and consideration (PSSSF) positively correlated with positive self-esteem and negatively correlated with negative self-esteem. It was concluded that the greater the amount of SN used by the university student, the greater will be their need for perceived social support, possibly due to the need they feel to receive positive feedback from their contacts. Therefore, it is important to continue studying the consequences of uncontrolled use of SN, because it is part of the daily routine of individuals and especially of young people from an early age. / Tesis

Most studies on online self-help groups for healthcare contexts have explored the content of social support. However, very little research has shed light on the communicative behaviors and language use of participants in online self-help groups for mental illness. This thesis studies the communication of social support in online self-help groups for anxiety and depression (OSGADs) to reveal their characteristics as communities of practice (CofPs) and how the predominant communicative acts of the participants contribute to social support communication. The data of the present study is a self-compiled corpus of 120 threads collected from six selected OSGADs. Mixed methods discourse analysis (MMDA) is used as a research method to conduct three empirical studies (i.e., Chapters 4, 5, and 6), in which both qualitative and quantitative approaches of discourse analysis are utilized, including content analysis, textual analysis, and interaction analysis. Different analytical frameworks are employed in the analyses. The data analysis begins by investigating the main communicative patterns of the interactions (Chapter 5) and then examines two predominant communicative acts (Chapters 5 and 6). Issues closely related to the analysis are also discussed in each of the analytical chapters. Using conversation analysis (Jefferson & Lee, 1992) and Social Support Behavior Code (Coulson, 2005), Chapter 4 reveals the sequential structures and main content of the interactions. The results show that self-disclosure and advice-giving are the most predominant communicative acts in the interactions. This chapter argues that the optimal matching theory (Cutrona & Russell, 1990) is probably inadequate to elucidate that the support proffered by respondents aids the support seekers. Chapter 5 investigates the multiple functions of self-disclosure in personal, textual, and interactional layers. The functions are examined through textual analysis and interaction analysis in tandem with frameworks including cognitive discourse analysis (Tenbrink, 2015) and rhetorical structure theory (Mann & Thompson, 2009). The findings show that self-disclosure enables support providers to distance themselves from problems, release their emotions, and increase reliability/persuasiveness. Self-disclosure facilitates the disclosure of other participants and support recipients may perceive it as advice, mitigation, and normalization. Chapter 6 conceptualizes the politeness of advice messages. Viewing advice as a speech event, textual analysis is conducted to explore the discursive moves and relational strategies (Locher, 2006) in advice messages, and shows that the advice messages contain many emphatic moves and relational strategies, including sharing own experience, empathizing, and assessment. The notions of contextualization (Gumperz, 1987) and relational work (Watts, 2003) are used to argue that empathy is a contextualization cue to make the advice messages appropriate and politic. Based on the three empirical studies, this thesis suggests three main characteristics of OSGADs as CofPs, including an emphasis on supportiveness, participants' performance of multiple identities, and frequent self-disclosure and advice. This thesis argues that self-disclosure is particularly crucial in the social support communication due to its multi-functionality. Self-disclosure is also an act that contextualizes an empathetic interactional context wherein advice is often politic and appropriate. This thesis concludes by discussing implications for interpersonal communication and online support groups in Hong Kong

La presente investigación se enfoca principalmente en los influencers deportivos en relación a la intención de compra en una marca de ropa deportiva en Lima Metropolina. La investigación está compuesta por una breve introducción que ayudará a entender el contexto en el que está situado el trabajo y cuatro capítulos divididos en: Marco teórico, metodología, resultados cuantitativos/cualitativos y discusión. En el desarrollo del estudio se planteará distintos factores de los influencers que hacen que la intención de compra de los consumidores sea vea influenciada. Por ello, las marcas constantemente están siendo más meticulosos y rigurosos con las figuras públicas que usan para promocionar sus productos. La investigación de Rebelo (2017) la cual estudia las dimensiones de los influencers que conllevan a la intención de compra en los consumidores facilitó el desarrollo y la composición de la estructura del presente trabajo de investigación académica. La investigación es de carácter correlacional, debido a que se busca relacionar la variable influencers deportivos con la variable intención de compra. De igual manera, el enfoque empleado es mixto ya que se hizo una investigación cualitativa como cuantitativa. / This research focuses mainly on sports influencers in relation to the intention to buy from a sportswear brand in Lima Metropolina. The research is composed of a brief introduction that will help to understand the context in which the work is located and four chapters divided into: Theoretical framework, methodology, quantitative / qualitative results and discussion. In the development of the study, different factors of the influencers will be considered that make the purchase intention of consumers be influenced. Therefore, brands are constantly being more meticulous and rigorous with the public figures they use to promote their products. The research by Rebelo (2017) which studies the dimensions of influencers that lead to the purchase intention in consumers facilitated the development and composition of the structure of this academic research work. The research is correlational in nature, because it seeks to relate the variable sports influencers with the variable purchase intention. Similarly, the approach used is mixed, since qualitative and quantitative research was carried out. / Trabajo de investigación