Soziale Netzwerke, wie Facebook, dienen im Kampf gegen Naturkatastrophen als wichtige Kommunikationskanäle. Neben der Mobilisierung und Koordination freiwilliger Helfer konnte Facebook beim Elbehochwasser 2013, im Vergleich zu konventionellen Medien und Kommunikationskanälen, zu einer höheren Aktualität von Informationen, sowie einer breiteren Informationsreichweite beitragen. Allerdings führte die Kommunikation über Facebook auch zu Ordnungsproblemen an einzelnen, vom Hochwasser betroffenen Standorten. [... aus dem Text]

När covid-19 bröt ut under våren år 2020, tvingades en stor del av svenska företag att snabbt ställa om till distansarbete. Även om det finns omfattande forskning som berör organisatorisk kreativitet och innovation vid distansarbete, saknas det emellertid forskning som undersöker hur detta påverkas av en hastig övergång från kontorsarbete till distansarbete. Därför är syftet med denna studie att undersöka om ett sådant skifte påverkar idégenerering bland anställda, och därav även innovation och kreativitet inom företag. Detta görs genom att utföra en kvalitativ intervjustudie, där sju informanter från ett företag medverkar. Det teoretiska ramverk som ligger till grund för studien omfattar olika aspekter av idégenerering, där social networks, tie strength och idégenereringsprocess är centrala begrepp, som tillsammans skapar studiens analysmodell. Slutsatserna som dras är att idégenereringen på ett generellt plan kan ha påverkats negativt till följd av distansarbetet, men att idégenereringen inom team inte verkar drabbas i samma utsträckning.

In network analysis, it is useful to identify important vertices in a network. Based on the varying notions of importance of vertices, a number of centrality measures are defined and studied in the literature. Some popular centrality measures, such as betweenness centrality, are computationally prohibitive for large-scale networks. In this thesis, we propose a new centrality measure called k-path centrality and experimentally compare this measure with betweenness centrality. We present a polynomial-time randomized algorithm for distinguishing high k-path centrality vertices from low k-path centrality vertices in any given (unweighted or weighted) graph. Specifically, for any graph G = (V, E) with n vertices and for every choice of parameters α ∈ (0, 1), ε ∈ (0, 1/2), and integer k ∈ [1, n], with probability at least 1 − 1/n2 our randomized algorithm distinguishes all vertices v ∈ V that have k-path centrality Ck(v) more than nα(1 + 2ε) from all vertices v ∈ V that have k-path centrality Ck(v) less than nα(1 − 2ε). The running time of the algorithm is O(k2ε −2n1−α ln n). Theoretically and experimentally, our algorithms are (for suitable choices of parameters) significantly faster than the best known deterministic algorithm for computing exact betweenness centrality values (Brandes’ algorithm). Through experimentations on both real and randomly generated networks, we demonstrate that vertices that have high betweenness centrality values also have high k-path centrality values.

En la presente investigación se analizan las estrategias digitales en redes sociales de las tiendas orgánicas con la finalidad de descubrir la consecuencia actual y, en base a eso, se realizan estudios cualitativos y cuantitativos para descubrir si es que el uso constante y estratégico de estas son efectivas para posicionar la marca en el mercado. Según la investigación, el posicionamiento de la marca se ve reforzado. Sin embargo, debe ir acompañado de un desarrollo a nivel marca, no solo a través de redes sociales. / In this research, I analyze the digital strategies in social networks of organic stores in order to discover the current consequence and, based on that, qualitative and quantitative studies are carried out to discover if the constant and strategic use of these are effective to position the brand in the market. According to the investigation, the positioning of the brand is reinforced. However, it must be accompanied by a brand-level development, not only through social networks. / Trabajo de investigación

The purposes of the study were to examine the psychosocial variables of hostility and social support, and their independent relationships with resting physiological levels and chronic pain symptoms, and to examine the independent relationships of chronic pain chronicity and social support with hostility.

Social networks have very quickly become a popular channel for politicians to communicate information to their constituents. The thesis deals with the question, if the social network communication affects the election results. It also monitors the activity of selected candidates for the post of MEP before the elections in 2019. Their posts on Facebook and Twitter are then analyzed to find a possible relationship between the activity of candidates on social networks in the period from April 23rd to May 23rd, 2019 and the outcome of the European elections. At the same time, it also fact-checks the candidates' practical statements.

Only a small portion of the amounts of information generated online are relevant to a given person. In this thesis, a prototype for determining a relevance value based on sets of data for some topic is evaluated to determine its viability in a future product called Votia. To achieve this, an evaluation model was dened based on \accuracy" and \eciency" for various machine learning algorithms applied to various types of data found in a tweet - a short user message on the Twitter platform | such as the message, relations between users and the tweeter, users' general behavior characteristics, and geographic data. A system was set up to fetch and convert Twitter data into data tting the prototype, with the hypothesis that (1) the Twitter data model could be mapped into the Votia data model, from which user behavior could be predicted at an adequate accuracy, and that (2) user behavior could be predicted to some degree from isolated sets of data. Data from Twitter was obtained by taking a random sample of users - the main actors - and then loading their and their friends' timelines. The data was processed, identifying interactivity between the set of users and their friends, in particular in who retweeted what. A number of machine learning algorithms, such as Nave Bayes classier, were tested on this data and evaluated according to the model. In the case of user relation, data was instead obtained by identifying a number of the top Twitter users, and the evaluation revolved around grouping their followers based on how similarly they behaved. The evaluation shows that predicting user behavior from isolated sets of data is not applicable in the given environment, and that the data set must be analyzed in a more integrated manner, e.g. by grouping similar users together. As the input data sets are arbitrary, each being analyzed in specic ways, a pipeline with processing modules that not only analyze the data sets in terms of relevance, but also perform preprocessing, is suggested. Examples of preprocessing might be ltering, adjusting data for use by subsequent modules, or at out rejecting the data prematurely.

With the growing popularity of integrating mobile networks and social networks, people now enjoy a freer and more efficient means of communication. Smarter mobile devices facilitate modern human life. In the information age, various new types of information have begun to appear. How to disseminate content to people in a swift and fair way has long been a question. Choosing the right strategy for content distribution is especially crucial for mobile social networks. In this thesis project we use epidemic models for content distribution in mobile social networks. Stochastic mobility models and an SIR epidemic model are set up in the evaluation. We analyze the impact of various parameters of mobility models and epidemic model on content distribution’s success rate and delivery delay. Also, we exploit the social relationships to facilitate content distribution and show the impact of social relationships on content distribution. Simulations have shown that increasing speed and node number in the mobility models will have positive impact on content distribution success rate as well as decreasing the delay. The infect time limit and infect count limit of the epidemic model are also important for swiftly distributing content while considering energy consumption and fairness for nodes. In the social relationship simulation, nodes’ meeting times during a period of time are calculated and a threshold based on a certain level of meeting times is used for categorizing the friendship relationships between nodes. The results show that it will be easier for a successful distribution to be achieved as the social relationship between nodes gets stronger. Also, the delay shows a decreasing trend until reaching the ideal distribution delay time. / Med den växande populariteten för att integrera mobila nätverk och sociala nätverk, människor njuta nu en friare och effektivare sätt att kommunicera.  Smartare mobila enheter underlättar moderna människans liv. I den information som ålder, har olika nya typer av information börjat visas. Hur sprida innehåll till människor påett snabbt och rättvist sätt har länge varit en fråga. Att välja rätt strategi för distribution av innehåll är särskilt viktigt för mobila sociala nätverk. I den här avhandlingen projekt använder vi epidemiska modeller för distribution av innehåll i mobila sociala nätverk. Stokastiska rörlighet modeller och en SIR-epidemi modell sätts upp i utvärderingen.  Vi analyserar effekterna av olika parametrar rörlighet modeller och epidemisk modell påinnehållsdistribution s framgång och leveransförsening. Dessutom utnyttjar vi de sociala relationerna för att underlätta distribution av innehåll och visa hur sociala relationer pådistribution av innehåll. Simuleringar har visat att ökad hastighet och nodnummer i rörlighet modellerna kommer att ha en positiv inverkan pådistribution av innehåll framgång samt att minska fördröjningen. Den infektera tid och infektera räkna gräns epidemin modellen är ocksåviktiga för att snabbt distribuera innehåll och samtidigt överväga energiförbrukning och rättvisa för noder. I den sociala relationen simulering är noder möte tid under en tidsperiod beräknas och en tröskel baserad påen viss nivåav mötestiden används för att kategorisera vänskap relationer mellan noder. Resultaten visade att det blir lättare för en lyckad spridning uppnås som den sociala relationen mellan noder blir starkare. Dessutom visar fördröjningen en nedåtgående trend tills den når fördröjningen av en ideal fördelning.

This dissertation explores multidimensional social support across the perinatal period among sexual and gender-diverse (SGD) childbearing individuals living in the United States. The Social-Ecological Model (SEM) of Health Promotion and resilience theory guided this dissertation. Chapter One provides an overview of emerging health disparities among SGD childbearing people and compelling evidence of their risk for mental health disparities. It also identifies our limited understanding of perinatal social support among this population — an important modifiable risk factor for adverse mental health. Thus, social support was identified as a promising topic for this dissertation that could promote perinatal health and well-being among an understudied childbearing population. Chapter Two, Childbearing at the Margins: A Systematic Metasynthesis Review of Sexual and Gender Diverse Childbearing Experiences, evaluated and synthesized data from 25 studies on SGD childbearing. Three main themes were identified (1) Systematic Invisibility: Erasure, Structural Exclusion, Discrimination; (2) Creating Personhood Through Parenthood; and (3) Resilient Narratives of Childbearing. We found widespread structural and interpersonal harm and discrimination across the childbearing period while also emerging evidence of positive social experiences and resilience. Gaps in the literature were identified, including data on racially and geographically diverse SGD childbearing populations, perinatal support experiences beyond the healthcare context, and data derived from prospective studies. Chapter Three, “Through Our Resiliency We…Find Joy”: A Community-Placed Qualitative Study of Social Support Among Sexual And Gender Diverse Childbearing People, introduces The Study of Queer and Trans Perinatal Resilience and Experiences of Gestation (PREG). This chapter sought to understand perinatal risk and resilience among SGD childbearing individuals at the inter-and intrapersonal levels of the SEM — namely, coping skills and social support. Four main themes were identified: 1) Entering a New Season of Life, 2) Community is Family, 3) The Pain We Bear, and 4) Obligatory Resilience. We found that this new season of life came with unique support needs and sources of support. Support systems were robust and generally diffuse. Family formation signaled a time to heal old wounds among families of origin while simultaneously a time of increased harmful experiences and sacrifices to maintain access to support. Due to a history of stigma and discrimination, SGD individuals had well-developed coping strategies that mitigated harm. They found building a family a profoundly meaningful experience that provided great joy and purpose. Chapter Four, “You’re Preparing for People to Assess Whether You Can Have Your Own Child”: Structural Failures to Support Sexual and Gender Diverse Childbearing Parents, explores social support and social needs at the community, organizational, and policy levels of the SEM to understand how structural factors support or fail to support SGD childbearing people. Three main themes were identified: 1) When Protections Fail to Protect, 2) The Burden Is on Our Shoulders, and 3) When Privilege Is Protection. We found that despite advances in legal protection of SGD people, numerous factors undermine the ability to access protections across the childbearing journey. Thus, SGD individuals are faced with impossible choices when building their families and are forced to advocate for themselves, educate others, and pay to access structural support. Class and racial privilege may play a role in protecting SGD people from these burdens. Chapter Five summarizes the findings from the three manuscripts in this dissertation, highlighting the strength and weaknesses of the studies, and research, clinical practice, and policy implications. Taken together, the heterocisnormative framework of family formation creates structural stigma and contributes to interpersonal conflict and exclusion that may increase vulnerability to perinatal mental health disparities among SGD childbearing individuals. However, SGD individuals also demonstrated resilience by using well-developed coping strategies and robust social support networks, achieving what was for many a lifelong dream of having a family. This dissertation provides an important contribution to the scientific literature by describing and characterizing perinatal resilience and stigma at each level of the SEM and, in doing so, provides a roadmap to inform clinical practice, policy, and future research in pursuit of promoting perinatal health equity among a marginalized childbearing population.

Having good social networks could lead to better well-being. However, how the relationship between social networks and well-being differ by disability is not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between social network satisfaction and life satisfaction and whether the association is moderated by disability. Our sample consisted of 20,179 individuals aged 50-65 in 17 European countries who participated in the waves 6 and 7 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The association between social network satisfaction and life satisfaction was examined using logistic regression analysis and adjusting for potential confounders. Then interaction term between disability and social network satisfaction on life satisfaction was tested. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between social network satisfaction and life satisfaction (OR=1.54, 95% C.I. 1.43-1.65 in the adjusted model). We did not find evidence that disability moderates the association between social network satisfaction and life satisfaction (p-value for interaction 0.16). This study, which assessed the quality of social networks using social network satisfaction as an indicator, could help to better understand the relationship between social networks and wellbeing among people with disabilities.