This thesis explores the changing attitudes toward the role of the woman as depicted by women playwrights. A brief history of English and American female dramatists from the last three centuries is given. Their views of women in the context of the popular social views are discussed.The second chapter discusses the development of the script for the production "From Madonna to Militant," which entailed a series of play scenes reflecting the changing trends. The production was presented in Ball State University's Studio Theatre on February 5-8, 1975.The third chapter presents the procedures that were involved in mounting the production and the director's personal evaluation of its outcome.The appendices contain the production book and all the necessary designs to produce "From Madonna to Militant." Publicity and photographs of the production are also included.

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Thesis (Master of Science)--University of Wisconsin. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: leaves 90-96.

The present research evaluated the generality of urban social behaviour findings in a new cultural setting - in Turkey. The nature of four types of social behaviour was examined. A field study was carried out in Turkey in order to compare the level of helpfulness shown towards strangers in towns, cities and squatter settlements within the city, while a survey study examined the nature of various aspects of kin, friends' and neighbours' social, behaviours across these Turkish environments. The results showed differences in social behaviour between the two environments depending on the type of relationship involved. First, urban residents held less trusting and helping attitudes and were significantly less helpful towards strangers requiring assistance. Second, social relationships between neighbours were also significantly less frequent amongst urban residents. The degree of social behaviour occurring between kin and friends did not differ between the two environments, although certain aspects of kin and friendship in the city were different: kin members in the city were found to be geographically dispersed, and friends of urban residents were drawn from a larger social pool. These results from Turkey suggest that urban social behaviour relationships may indeed be a general phenomenon. These results offer a perspective from which to evaluate the nature of the impact of urban living: urban living influences only the social relationships of a less important, less familiar and intimate nature; in other words, relatively situationally dependent kinds of behaviours are affected by urban living. Examination of social behaviour within the Turkish city environments showed the existence of local environments which differed considerably in their social behaviour. Most interesting in this regard are the squatter settlements of Turkish cities whose residents showed attitudes and a level of pro-social behaviour equal to that found in towns and significantly greater than that found amongst the rest of the city residents. This supports the view that the city squatters may be in a psychological and social sense "urban villagers". Consistent and considerable differences in social behaviour were also found between other types of city districts. Some of these districts came close to the towns and squatter settlements in their levels of pro-social behaviour, suggesting, first, that the city environments are not homogeneous in terms of social behaviour and there is a complex interplay between a multitude of influential factors, so urbanisation alone is not an explanation of social behaviour; second, drawing distinctions between environments in terms of their behavioural characteristics is best done with the concept of a social-environmental continuum rather than an urban/non-urban dichotomy. Altogether, the present research suggests that the overall urban environment influences only certain kinds of pro-social behaviours which are more situationally dependent such as those involving strangers and neighbours. This influence does not occur in a homogeneous way, but is mediated by social characteristics of environments and residents. Environmental input level was, overall, found to influence the level of helpfulness: the higher the environmental input level, the lower the level of helpfulness for female subjects but not for male subjects in Turkey. Analysis of the input level across environments studied did not always correspond to the observed level of helpfulness in these environments. It was argued that the input level, as suggested by Milgram (1970), is not the only explanation for social behaviour; there must be other variables mediating this effect, ie socio-cultural factors. As an additional concern, the present study investigated sex differences in helpfulness. There were sex differences in helping toward strangers in Turkey: males were significantly more helpful than females towards strangers in helping contexts (free from high cost, threat, and required no masculine orientation) that the earlier researches reported no sex differences'. This showed empirically the influence of the culture on sex roles in Turkey. Finally, a theoretical question; the nature of the relationship between the source of help and the type of helpfulness was evaluated empirically. An association was found between the type of helping act and the source of help an individual sought: costly types of assistance were associated with kin, friends were a source of help for assistance requiring intimacy, while neighbours were associated negatively with cost and intimacy in assistance.

This thesis explores the social significance of prestige artifacts from the site of San Andrés, which was part of the Barí riverine network that supported La Venta, a paramount Middle Formative Gulf Coast center located in present-day Tabasco, Mexico. In Formative period Mesoamerica, high-status goods were significant components of cultural practice and a source of social, political, and ideological power. Centralized control over systems of elite good acquisition, production, distribution, and consumption provided the means to structure relationships, compete for prestige, and define ideological conceptions of social order. This study investigates the role of these socially significant items in the context of subsidiary community and within the framework of a primary-secondary site relationship. / Submitted to the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. / Summer 2003. / July 8, 2003. / prestige, artifacts, San Andres, La Venta, status, gifting, ritual / Includes bibliographical references. / Mary E.D. Pohl, Professor Directing Thesis; Rochelle A. Marriman, Committee Member; William Parkinson, Committee Member; Michael A. Uzendoski, Committee Member.

This study examines the psycho-social aspects of tuberculosis in a low income group in an urban setting. The locale chosen was Social Area Three of the City of Vancouver. Part of this area known as the "Strathcona District" was surveyed in 1947 by a University of British Columbia team, of which the writer was a member, as part of a demonstration slum clearance project. This group was specially selected to give clearer focus to the important "residual area" problem in tuberculosis control, namely, that large group of the tuberculous in whom the interaction of the emotional aspects of illness and defects in their material environment combine to make them the hard core of the tuberculosis problem and of many other social problems in the community. A general perspective for the study is drawn from tuberculosis and social work literature from North America, Britain and Scandinavia. The details of the study are based on the case records of seventy-nine people aged eighteen to fifty who were almost one hundred per cent of the diagnosed cases of active tuberculosis in the white races living in Social Area Three of Vancouver in August, 1948. The case list was compiled from the files of the public health .nurses of the Metropolitan Health Committee. The Social Service Exchange registrations of patients and their families were followed up and a total of one hundred and eighty seven case records were read. Information from home interviews with selected patients was also utilized. In terms of social characteristics the sample includes; (a) patients in family settings and, (b) unattached men living alone, who numbered one quarter of the group. The group as a whole were near the border-line income brackets, but might never have Become social liabilities but for their tuberculosis. The problems presented by the disease to the patient as an individual, to his family and to the community are then discussed. The importance of the personality of the patient as a factor in illness is stressed, and the role of the medical social worker in diagnosis and treatment is outlined. Illustrative case material is utilized. The study indicates that the three most important factors determining the successful management of tuberculosis are: (a) the existence of facilities for finding, treating and rehabilitating cases, (b) adequate ancillary social services for the treatment of the social aspects of the disease, (c) the degree of cooperation of the patient and his family in the treatment plan, which cooperation is largely determined by their degree of emotional maturity. The problem of patient non-cooperation is found to stem mainly from lack of sufficient services to meet primary human needs. Because of this lack the life experiences of most people in the group in their formative years had not been conducive to the development of the requisite emotional maturity for dealing constructively with the problems of chronic illness. There is evidence that the weakness of the rehabilitation services in British Columbia vitiates much of the excellence of other treatment facilities. The principle conclusion drawn from the evidence is that the prevention and control of tuberculosis are inextricably interwoven with many other social problems, including poverty, bad housing and family insecurity, which must be attacked in their entirety if advances in tuberculosis control are to be continued. Poverty, in particular, shows up its paramount importance in the perpetuation of tuberculosis as a major health and welfare problem. Specific recommendations are made regarding changes in legislation, medical services, medical social work, social assistance, rehabilitation services and voluntary social agencies services. Many of these recommendations would have valid application in the treatment of other chronic illnesses. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

If urbanization in the North is to emerge beyond the "instant town" or the "frontier town" models, an integrated understanding of what constitutes quality of life in northern settlements is required. In less than ten years Yellowknife has been transformed from a frontier mining town with an uncertain future to a small city whose permanency is not only assured, but which is experiencing rapid population growth and economic diversification. This transformation was spurred by the naming of Yellowknife as the territorial capital, and compounded by developments in global markets for gold and petroleum. To gain this integrated understanding of quality of life, Yellow-knife's disparate social groups and social areas are analyzed. Discrete neighbourhoods are identified by examining housing types and compiling occupational data and house assessments. Less tangible notions of social space, as defined by perceived neighbourhood, social contacts, and place awareness patterns suggest that the town is differentiated cognitively by most residents on the basis of proximity and social networks of internally homogeneous groups. The assessment of quality of life in the city is initially approached deductively through the use of comparative urban indicators, including employment turnover, public order, poverty, income, and cost of living. These statistics however tend to be misleading of variables salient at the level of experience, and problems of data availability, reliability, and geographic scale of presentation may result in erroneous conclusions. An Inductive analysis based on an evaluation by residents themselves of their community and neighbourhood, and the criteria used in their assessment is more useful in the identification of quality of life. Survey data was collected from a representative sample of 221 Yellowknife households. A major finding shows that most Yellowknife residents are satisfied withitheir community. Sets of positive and negative liveability criteria emerge that do not always coincide with those suggested by the urban indicators. Housing, the high cost of northern living, and southern accessibility were perceived as greatest hindrances to community satisfaction; in contrast, residents enjoy the city's setting, pace of life, and the people themselves. Overall satisfaction with their neighbourhood is generally lower for residents and consistently variable among residential areas. Important neighbourhood quality criteria include privacy and views; accessibility factors and newness warranted scant mention by most. Successful neighbourhoods reflect a close correspondance between the residents! perception of the area's existing physical and social amenities and those considered to be ideal. Even in a town as small as Yellowknife, different social groups have varying perceptions of what constitutes an ideal neighbourhood. The observation and interpretation of everyday incidents and experiences in Yellowknife permit,' a third approach to evaluating quality of life. Several typical scenarios suggest the existence of a degree of cosmopolitanism within the pioneer tradition of the independent, self-made man. The city offers its people the residential and cultural diversity of older, larger cities; as such Yellowknife might be viewed as a model for other northern communities. Residents' planning needs, as expressed through attitudes and liveability components, vary internally within the city. Many needs-housing, improved transport links with the South for goods and people, and improved recreation facilities—can be incorporated into future plans, which at the same time should preserve those environmental components presently highly valued. Proposals are discussed that may help solve the problems of housing shortages, the cost, choice, and tenure of mobile home spaces, and changes in the physical and social structure of two neighbourhoods. While high financial outlays by governments may be required to improve quality of life in the North, they should be considered as investments in present and future well-being, without which the social and economic costs may be even higher in the long run. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

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Friends benefit both our psychological and our emotional well-being by increasing overall happiness, life satisfaction, and a positive sense of self among women. Often, however, friendships decrease in the later years. The purpose of this study is to learn more about divorced or widowed, retired women and their friendships, specifically, whether friendships changed from work to retirement. Friendships have been clearly identified by women as a significant component of retirement life. The importance of friendship increases with age, and friends have been found to buffer single women in particular from becoming isolated in retirement. The sample recruited for this study consisted of 20 single, career women who had been retired between five and ten years and who were not coresiding with another person. This study utilized in-depth, qualitative interviewing to enable participants to define themselves and their experiences. Overall, it appeared as though these women were very satisfied with retirement and considered it to be a positive experience. Even though workplace friendships had gradually been lost since retirement, this loss was considered normal and former coworkers were considered to be on different paths from the retirees. Workplace friends were often not whom the women felt closest to or socialized with preretirement; consequently this gradual drifting and loss of workplace friendships was not considered problematic. The women overall were making new friends. Various types of discord among friends were also reported. Discord had negative affects but did not necessarily cause dissolution of the friendship. Betrayal was often an incentive to immediately end a friendship; however, betrayal was uncommon. Friends played a major role in these women's lives. The emotional aspects of the women's friendships were reported to be most important. Friends helped these women feel valued and provided a substantial amount of support to one another. The findings of this study should assure those divorced or widowed women who may be nearing retirement that the adjustment to retirement need not be difficult, especially if one has supportive friends. / Graduation date: 2003

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