FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / A preocupaÃÃo do homem com o corpo à um fenÃmeno que atravessa sÃculos e se atualiza no imaginÃrio de cada Ãpoca. O corpo nÃo à sinÃnimo de biolÃgico, tendo em vista que ele à marcado, tambÃm, pelas dimensÃes histÃrica, psÃquica e social. Nesta perspectiva, o âcorpo à falado e falanteâ. Assim, o presente trabalho toma os discursos mÃdico, higienista, publicitÃrio e psicanalÃtico sobre os corpos e, procura compreender atravÃs de entrevistas realizadas com psicanalistas, quais sÃo as novas formas de apresentaÃÃo do sofrimento psÃquico, examinados a partir das demandas de anÃlise, e suas possÃveis relaÃÃes com a idealizaÃÃo/submissÃo do corpo na atualidade. Da articulaÃÃo entre o conteÃdo das entrevistas e o referencial teÃrico utilizado emergiram as seguintes categorias temÃticas: âSofrimento psÃquico: um sentido para o sintomaâ e âUm olhar sobre o corpo e as subjetividades contemporÃneasâ. Este estudo ressalta que, tomado como âideal de completudeâ, o corpo reina e padece e faz ressoar na clÃnica psicanalÃtica os resquÃcios da sua inadequaÃÃo aos padrÃes estÃticos da atualidade, sustentados na trÃade beleza-saÃde-juventude. A partir das entrevistas realizadas, pode-se afirmar que a cultura contemporÃnea, com suas referÃncias estÃticas, opera na construÃÃo dos ditos ânovos sintomasâ / Menâs concern with the body is a phenomenon which has crossed the centuries and is brought up to date in the imaginary of each age of mankind. Body is not a synonym for âbiologicâ, taking into account that it is marked, as well, by the historical, psychic and social dimensions. From this point of view, the âbody talks and is talkedâ. Therefore, this work takes into account the medical, hygienistic, publicitary and psychoanalistic methodological points of view about the body to comprehend, based on interviews with psychoanalysts, which are the psychic sufferingâs new forms of presentation and also how they are related to the body idealization/submission nowadays. From the articulation between the interviews and the theoretical basis some categories were developed: âPsychic suffering: a meaning to the symptomâ and âbody and contemporary subjectivitiesâ. This research stands out that, understood as an âideal of completenessâ, the body rules and suffers and makes the remnants of its inadequacies to the aesthetical rules of contemporaneity, based on the trinity beauty-health-youth, to be listened to within the psychoanalytical clinic. As a result, we are able to assert that the contemporary culture, with its aesthetical references, has an important rule in the so-called ânew symptomsâ.

A partir d’une problématique suscitée par l’élaboration de l’Observatoire des Conditions de Travail de l’Agence Nationale pour l’Emploi (ANPE) auquel nous avons participé en Convention Industrielle de Formation par la Recherche (CIFRE), la thèse retrace les généalogies conceptuelles qui ont amené aux visions actuelles du concept de « conditions de travail », qui s’est institutionnalisé en France vers 1970 en restant sans définition. Marqué au niveau de sa structure par une conception factorielle issue de la division du travail, et par une conception séquentielle issue du taylorisme qui s’y est superposée, il se constitue progressivement au niveau de son sens dans les débats du XIXe siècle dans une dialectique entre droit-liberté et pouvoir-domination qui s’apparente à une conception politique des conditions pour le travail, subsumée à partir du mouvement de rationalisation du début du XXe siècle par une conception organisationnelle de conditions entièrement normées ou normables. Ces conditions tendent alors à être traitées dans des négociations institutionnelles, en désadhérence de la dialectique permanente et sans cesse renouvelée du normatif et du normé dans l’activité. Cette distance entre le concept et la vie est une usurpation épistémologique dont nous proposons le dépassement par une modélisation ergologique du concept mettant en visibilité les multiples entités de débats de normes, et donc de valeurs, du micro au macro dans l’espace social. Ce mode de traitement renouvelé du concept au profit de ceux qui travaillent, favoriserait l’émergence d’alternatives laissées en pénombre dans l’activité, sources potentielles de performance pour les entités productives. / Stemming from an issue concerning the creation of the observatory of the working conditions within the French National Employment Agency (ANPE) that we participated in as beneficiary of an industrial research grant (CIFRE), the thesis retraces the conceptual genealogies that led to the current views on the concept of « working conditions », which was institutionalized in France around 1970 but remain undefined. Initially structured according to a factorial understanding based on the division of labour, then extended using sequential design derived from taylorism, its meaning is progressively built during the nineteenth century through dialectics between rights-freedom and authority-domination which refers to a political understanding of the working conditions, subsumed from the early twentieth century’s rationalization movement by an organizational design of fully standardized or standardizable conditions. These conditions then tend to be exploited within institutional negotiations, being disconnected from continuously renewed dialectics between normative and normed in activity. This gap between the concept and real life is an epistemological usurpation which we propose to surpass using an ergological way of modeling the concept that brings visibility to multiple groups of debates regarding standards, and therefore values, from micro to macro in the social space. This renewed way of addressing the concept which benefits to those who work, could promote the emergence of alternatives left in the semi-darkness of the activity, potential sources of performance for productive groups.

Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka och analysera hur personer i gängkriminella miljöer konstrueras samt positioneras i den nyhetsmediala samhällsdebatten om gängkriminalitet i Sverige genom att studera publicerade debattartiklar från en specifik tidsperiod. Studien utgår från ett kritiskt diskursanalytiskt perspektiv som menar att verkligheten formas och tolkas genom språkliga diskurser, varför valda analysverktyg har ett lingvistiskt fokus där texternas lexikala aspekter undersöks, liksom deras anspråk på gängkriminalitetens orsaker och lösningar. Vidare analyseras debattartiklarnas innehåll genom ett socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv på de skildringar och identiteter som görs, samt utifrån teorier om stigmatiseringsprocesser och avvikarkarriärer Även själva fördelningen mellan debattörer samt presenterade perspektiv i debatten analyseras i relation till sociala makthierarkier. Uppsatsens resultat visar på att personer i gängkriminella miljöer främst tenderar att reduceras till deras kriminella egenskap i debatten, vilket konstruerar personerna som avvikare och förövare i samhället på sätt som stundtals får avhumaniserande effekter. I vissa fall nämns även personernas unga ålder samt icke-svenska etnicitet, vilket främst motiverar till förslag på ökade disciplinära åtgärder mot unga samt personer som saknar medborgarskap. Vidare präglas en stor del av debatten av ett fokus gentemot polisiära resurser och skärpta straff, vilket verkar osynliggörande för gängkriminalitetens bakomliggande sociala faktorer samt det sociala arbetets betydelse. Detta får även konsekvenser för personernas sörjbarhet samt ansedda rätt till sociala stödinsatser som fokuserar på förändring. I de fall sociala aspekter faktiskt diskuteras i debatten tenderar en sorts osynlig tröskel skapas mellan ”den unga som sörjbar” och ”den kriminella som straffbar” – vilket möjliggör till att vidmakthålla identiteterna "offer" och "förövare" i skildringarna på ett sätt som gör att problemets komplexitet undviks. / The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze how people within gang criminal environments is constructed and positioned in news media’s social debate about gang criminality in Sweden by studying published debate articles from a specific time period. The study is based on a critical discourse analytical perspective on reality as shaped and interpreted by linguistic discourses, why selected analysis tools has a linguistic aim that investigate the texts lexical aspects, as their claims on causes and solutions of gang crime. Furthermore the debate articles are analyzed through a social constructionist perspective on the descriptions and identities that is made, and also by theories about stigmatization processes and deviant careers. The division between debaters and represented perspectives is also analyzed in relation to social hierarchies of power. The result of the study shows that people in gang criminal environments mainly tend to be reduced to their criminal quality, which constructs them as deviants and perpetrators by ways that sometimes have dehumanizing effects. In some cases the persons young age and non-swedish ethnicity is mentioned, which mainly justifies proposals for increased disciplinary actions against youths and people without swedish citizenship. Further, the debate is characterized by a focus towards police resources and increased penalties which tend to overshadow the underlying social factors of gang crime and the importance of social work. This has consequences for their considered worth of sympathy and rights to social support that focuses on change. When social aspects is discussed it tends to create a invisible gap between ”the youth worthy of sympathy” and ”the punishable criminal” – which enable to maintain the identities of “victims” and “perpetrators” in a way that avoids the complexity of the problem.

RODRIGUES, Maiza Ferreira. Do Corpo falado ao corpo falante: interseções entre a cultura e a clínica psicanalítica. 2008. 165 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2008. / Submitted by moises gomes (celtinha_malvado@hotmail.com) on 2012-03-14T19:31:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_MFRodrigues.PDF: 1373406 bytes, checksum: a3b88ced723176775c4388cdfd393810 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-03-22T12:36:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_MFRodrigues.PDF: 1373406 bytes, checksum: a3b88ced723176775c4388cdfd393810 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-03-22T12:36:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_MFRodrigues.PDF: 1373406 bytes, checksum: a3b88ced723176775c4388cdfd393810 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Men’s concern with the body is a phenomenon which has crossed the centuries and is brought up to date in the imaginary of each age of mankind. Body is not a synonym for “biologic”, taking into account that it is marked, as well, by the historical, psychic and social dimensions. From this point of view, the “body talks and is talked”. Therefore, this work takes into account the medical, hygienistic, publicitary and psychoanalistic methodological points of view about the body to comprehend, based on interviews with psychoanalysts, which are the psychic suffering’s new forms of presentation and also how they are related to the body idealization/submission nowadays. From the articulation between the interviews and the theoretical basis some categories were developed: “Psychic suffering: a meaning to the symptom” and “body and contemporary subjectivities”. This research stands out that, understood as an “ideal of completeness”, the body rules and suffers and makes the remnants of its inadequacies to the aesthetical rules of contemporaneity, based on the trinity beauty-health-youth, to be listened to within the psychoanalytical clinic. As a result, we are able to assert that the contemporary culture, with its aesthetical references, has an important rule in the so-called “new symptoms”. / A preocupação do homem com o corpo é um fenômeno que atravessa séculos e se atualiza no imaginário de cada época. O corpo não é sinônimo de biológico, tendo em vista que ele é marcado, também, pelas dimensões histórica, psíquica e social. Nesta perspectiva, o “corpo é falado e falante”. Assim, o presente trabalho toma os discursos médico, higienista, publicitário e psicanalítico sobre os corpos e, procura compreender através de entrevistas realizadas com psicanalistas, quais são as novas formas de apresentação do sofrimento psíquico, examinados a partir das demandas de análise, e suas possíveis relações com a idealização/submissão do corpo na atualidade. Da articulação entre o conteúdo das entrevistas e o referencial teórico utilizado emergiram as seguintes categorias temáticas: “Sofrimento psíquico: um sentido para o sintoma” e “Um olhar sobre o corpo e as subjetividades contemporâneas”. Este estudo ressalta que, tomado como “ideal de completude”, o corpo reina e padece e faz ressoar na clínica psicanalítica os resquícios da sua inadequação aos padrões estéticos da atualidade, sustentados na tríade beleza-saúde-juventude. A partir das entrevistas realizadas, pode-se afirmar que a cultura contemporânea, com suas referências estéticas, opera na construção dos ditos “novos sintomas”