Para que se possa, de fato, entender determinado grupo social e sua importância no decorrer da história, é indispensável analisar os contextos que permearam seu desenvolvimento, ressaltando as relações estabelecidas com as instituições sociais e identificando como se dá a consagração entre os pares. É partindo de tal perspectiva que o trabalho aqui proposto teve como objetivo desvendar os mais relevantes aspectos do desenvolvimento de uma poderosa instituição de produção e de transmissão cultural na sociedade brasileira: a publicidade; assim como as relações de poder que importantes profissionais da área desenvolveram. Mais especificamente, buscou-se aqui colocar em pauta a questão da atividade publicitária como campo social ou espaço de interesses e capitais específicos, constituídos a partir da influência dos Estados Unidos, de suas agências e clientes, e se adaptando ao cenário sócio-político brasileiro e às configurações do Regime Militar. Para tal, buscamos reconstruir a emergência de um grupo publicitário hierarquizado, identificando suas instituições de consagração, suas relações políticas e os contextos históricos que contribuíram para a constituição de um habitus. O estudo foi pautado no levantamento de fontes documentais, tais como material de imprensa, anuários publicitários, entrevistas e depoimentos do arquivo do Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil. Também foi executada exploração bibliográfica das relações entre Brasil e Estados Unidos e publicações sobre a trajetória da área em ambos os países, buscando analisar, na perspectiva da sociologia da produção de bens simbólicos, os principais condicionantes da ascensão dos representantes de tal campo e suas relações com a esfera política, sempre dentro de sua tradicional lealdade com o mundo empresarial, no qual se recrutam os anunciantes / In order to actually understand a particular social group and its importance throughout history, it is essential to analyze the contexts that permeated its development, highlighting the relationships established with the social institutions and identifying its legitimate consecration capital. From this perspective, the research presented here aimed to unravel the main aspects of the development of a powerful institution of cultural production and transmission in Brazilian society: advertising; as well as the power and political relations that important professionals of that field developed. More specifically, we sought to put on the agenda the issue of advertising activity as a social field, holder of specific interests and capital, starting from the US influence, its agencies and clients, as well as the adaptation to Brazilian social and political scenario and the settings established by Military Government. To this end, we sought to reconstruct the emergence of an elite of advertisers, identifying their consecration institutions and the political and historical contexts that have contributed to the formation of a habitus. The study was based on the research of documentary sources, such as press material, advertising annuals, interviews and testimonials from Center for Research and Documentation of Contemporary History of Brazil files. Besides, we explored what has already been produced regarding Brazil and US relations and the development of the field in both countries, seeking to analyze, from the perspective of the sociology of production of symbolic goods, the main determinants of the rise of the representatives of such a field and their relations with political institutions, always seeking for a true perspective of the corporative world, where clients are recruited

<p>The overall aim of the study is to describe and explain the formation and organisation of interactive media production in Sweden from the 1990s to the end of 2003, the period of the so-called IT boom and crash, through the development of a theoretical model and gathering of empirical material.</p><p>In the theory, interactive media production is conceptualised as a practice in part taking place on a social field structured according to the division and integration of labour within and between firms, and logics and status. It is argued that social fields are formed through the entrepreneurial realisation of opportunity structures resting in pre-existing structural configurations, and through the allocation of resources. The organisational outcome is explained by the structural preconditions, aspects of formation (what, who, how) and firms’ demands for stability and flexibility, creating a set of interrelated positions that firms might occupy.</p><p>Empirical data has been collected from four firm and one individual level survey aimed at interactive media producers in Sweden, conducted between 1997 and 2003. A second data source consists of 8,000 news articles and items focussed on IT and interactive media in Sweden. Third, visual analyses of web sites of firms producing interactive media solutions have been conducted. Finally, interviews with people active within the field have been made.</p><p>The results show that the formation of interactive media production in Sweden should be understood in relation to the Swedish economic crisis of the early 1990s, visions of IT, and beliefs in a societal transition to a new economy and knowledge society. These ideas contributed to allocating massive resources, e.g. state initiatives, increased demands and investment capital, to those producers of interactive media solutions that came to be symbols of the new economy. The abundance of resources caused a rapid growth of firms engaged in interactive media production and a financialisation that led to a speculative bubble and a stock market crash, eventually making the social field dissolve.</p><p>The majority of firms that produce interactive media solutions are small and reach flexibility and stability by having a large proportion of permanently employed skilled workers and extensively participating in collaborations with other firms, including customers. The division and integration of labour follows the logics and clusters of activities that structure the social field: techno¬logy, aesthetics and economy. A large proportion of Swedish organisations have further developed inhouse interactive media operations that taken together are larger than the more visible so-called Internet consultants.</p> / Avhandlingen är också publicerad på Arbetslivsinstitutets webbsida: http://ebib.arbetslivsinstitutet.se/aio/2005/aio2005_16.pdf

The overall aim of the study is to describe and explain the formation and organisation of interactive media production in Sweden from the 1990s to the end of 2003, the period of the so-called IT boom and crash, through the development of a theoretical model and gathering of empirical material. In the theory, interactive media production is conceptualised as a practice in part taking place on a social field structured according to the division and integration of labour within and between firms, and logics and status. It is argued that social fields are formed through the entrepreneurial realisation of opportunity structures resting in pre-existing structural configurations, and through the allocation of resources. The organisational outcome is explained by the structural preconditions, aspects of formation (what, who, how) and firms’ demands for stability and flexibility, creating a set of interrelated positions that firms might occupy. Empirical data has been collected from four firm and one individual level survey aimed at interactive media producers in Sweden, conducted between 1997 and 2003. A second data source consists of 8,000 news articles and items focussed on IT and interactive media in Sweden. Third, visual analyses of web sites of firms producing interactive media solutions have been conducted. Finally, interviews with people active within the field have been made. The results show that the formation of interactive media production in Sweden should be understood in relation to the Swedish economic crisis of the early 1990s, visions of IT, and beliefs in a societal transition to a new economy and knowledge society. These ideas contributed to allocating massive resources, e.g. state initiatives, increased demands and investment capital, to those producers of interactive media solutions that came to be symbols of the new economy. The abundance of resources caused a rapid growth of firms engaged in interactive media production and a financialisation that led to a speculative bubble and a stock market crash, eventually making the social field dissolve. The majority of firms that produce interactive media solutions are small and reach flexibility and stability by having a large proportion of permanently employed skilled workers and extensively participating in collaborations with other firms, including customers. The division and integration of labour follows the logics and clusters of activities that structure the social field: techno¬logy, aesthetics and economy. A large proportion of Swedish organisations have further developed inhouse interactive media operations that taken together are larger than the more visible so-called Internet consultants. / Avhandlingen är också publicerad på Arbetslivsinstitutets webbsida: http://ebib.arbetslivsinstitutet.se/aio/2005/aio2005_16.pdf

Who enters self-employment in the labor market? This is a question that has been extensively researched. To find answers, studies have been concerned with what characterizes the individuals who make the different employment choices. This dissertation takes another approach to the issue and shows how self-employment, just as any other type of employment, is socially preconditioned. Rather than focusing on what characterizes the individuals who enter self-employment, this study looks at what characterizes the social structures of particular fields, as well as at what position the self-employed individuals hold within these structures. We then gain an understanding of how social positions are related to employment possibilities, and which social groups enter self-employment. The study builds on the theories of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. This dissertation examines two social fields: management consulting and artistic production. The results show that what characterizes the group of individuals who are self-employed is quite different depending on the social context. Among management consultants, self-employment is foremost related to social origin, while in artistic production it is related to investments made in the field itself. However, in both fields, the self-employed individuals hold a similar social position.

Para que se possa, de fato, entender determinado grupo social e sua importância no decorrer da história, é indispensável analisar os contextos que permearam seu desenvolvimento, ressaltando as relações estabelecidas com as instituições sociais e identificando como se dá a consagração entre os pares. É partindo de tal perspectiva que o trabalho aqui proposto teve como objetivo desvendar os mais relevantes aspectos do desenvolvimento de uma poderosa instituição de produção e de transmissão cultural na sociedade brasileira: a publicidade; assim como as relações de poder que importantes profissionais da área desenvolveram. Mais especificamente, buscou-se aqui colocar em pauta a questão da atividade publicitária como campo social ou espaço de interesses e capitais específicos, constituídos a partir da influência dos Estados Unidos, de suas agências e clientes, e se adaptando ao cenário sócio-político brasileiro e às configurações do Regime Militar. Para tal, buscamos reconstruir a emergência de um grupo publicitário hierarquizado, identificando suas instituições de consagração, suas relações políticas e os contextos históricos que contribuíram para a constituição de um habitus. O estudo foi pautado no levantamento de fontes documentais, tais como material de imprensa, anuários publicitários, entrevistas e depoimentos do arquivo do Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil. Também foi executada exploração bibliográfica das relações entre Brasil e Estados Unidos e publicações sobre a trajetória da área em ambos os países, buscando analisar, na perspectiva da sociologia da produção de bens simbólicos, os principais condicionantes da ascensão dos representantes de tal campo e suas relações com a esfera política, sempre dentro de sua tradicional lealdade com o mundo empresarial, no qual se recrutam os anunciantes / In order to actually understand a particular social group and its importance throughout history, it is essential to analyze the contexts that permeated its development, highlighting the relationships established with the social institutions and identifying its legitimate consecration capital. From this perspective, the research presented here aimed to unravel the main aspects of the development of a powerful institution of cultural production and transmission in Brazilian society: advertising; as well as the power and political relations that important professionals of that field developed. More specifically, we sought to put on the agenda the issue of advertising activity as a social field, holder of specific interests and capital, starting from the US influence, its agencies and clients, as well as the adaptation to Brazilian social and political scenario and the settings established by Military Government. To this end, we sought to reconstruct the emergence of an elite of advertisers, identifying their consecration institutions and the political and historical contexts that have contributed to the formation of a habitus. The study was based on the research of documentary sources, such as press material, advertising annuals, interviews and testimonials from Center for Research and Documentation of Contemporary History of Brazil files. Besides, we explored what has already been produced regarding Brazil and US relations and the development of the field in both countries, seeking to analyze, from the perspective of the sociology of production of symbolic goods, the main determinants of the rise of the representatives of such a field and their relations with political institutions, always seeking for a true perspective of the corporative world, where clients are recruited

v anglickém jazyce Theoretical part examines the topic of portrait as the specific genre of photographic media since the beginning of man capture through the photography until WW2. It is based on the study of recommended and other literature. It deals with the work of important artists in the field of photography and finds such a pictorial art works that relate to the photographic representation with their principle and concepts. This work follows transformations of so called official portrait photography and portrait in the social level. In conclusion, the work also focuses on the current positions of portrait now digital - photography. In the didactic part the aim is to create and practically verify the proposal of complete didactic project for Art education at the second grade of elementary school, which builds on current possibilities of digital photography as the available specific art medium, on the base of studying the Framework Education Programme for Elementary Education and findings from the study. The project also works with the psychological aspects of portrait. Realization of the proposed author project, which uses photography as the inspiration, motivation or the mean of art activities, confirmed that such a project can be successfully included into the curriculum of the second grade...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vilma Silva Lima.pdf: 3367184 bytes, checksum: c8b3fc2451409571e9e37bb02f11a17d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The relations between the camps university / scientific and the television and the tensions that arose for the establishment of a television field are the subject of this university. The main objective of this work is based on the analysis of the university campus and field television - understand - the role played by TV at university overlap with those fields. Was taken as a paradigmatic example of the televisions that are part of the University Channel University of São Paulo (SP-CNU), the first university channel in the country to make use of theCable Law (8977) which in its Article 23 provides for free use of universities its area of service a television channel. The theoretical approach was in Bourdieu and the concepts of habitus and field his main references. The methodology included literature searches and field with four (4) agents(directors) of TV universities that participate in the CNU-SP / As relações entre os campos universitário/científico e o televisivo e as tensões que se criaram para a constituição de um campo televisivo universitário são objeto deste trabalho. O objetivo principal do trabalho é a partir da análise do campo universitário e do campo televisivo compreender o lugar ocupado pela tevê universitária na imbricação com esses campos. Tomou-se como exemplo paradigmático as televisões universitárias que fazem parte do Canal Universitário de São Paulo (CNU-SP), primeiro canal universitário do País a fazer uso da Lei do Cabo (8.977) que em seu artigo 23 disponibiliza para uso gratuito das universidades de sua área de prestação de serviço um canal de televisão. A fundamentação teórica teve em Bourdieu e nos conceitos de habitus e campo suas principais referências. A metodologia incluiu pesquisas bibliográficas e de campo com 4 (quatro) agentes (diretores) das tevês universitárias que participam do CNU-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:53:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vilma Silva Lima.pdf: 3367184 bytes, checksum: c8b3fc2451409571e9e37bb02f11a17d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The relations between the camps university / scientific and the television and the tensions that arose for the establishment of a television field are the subject of this university. The main objective of this work is based on the analysis of the university campus and field television - understand - the role played by TV at university overlap with those fields. Was taken as a paradigmatic example of the televisions that are part of the University Channel University of São Paulo (SP-CNU), the first university channel in the country to make use of theCable Law (8977) which in its Article 23 provides for free use of universities its area of service a television channel. The theoretical approach was in Bourdieu and the concepts of habitus and field his main references. The methodology included literature searches and field with four (4) agents(directors) of TV universities that participate in the CNU-SP / As relações entre os campos universitário/científico e o televisivo e as tensões que se criaram para a constituição de um campo televisivo universitário são objeto deste trabalho. O objetivo principal do trabalho é a partir da análise do campo universitário e do campo televisivo compreender o lugar ocupado pela tevê universitária na imbricação com esses campos. Tomou-se como exemplo paradigmático as televisões universitárias que fazem parte do Canal Universitário de São Paulo (CNU-SP), primeiro canal universitário do País a fazer uso da Lei do Cabo (8.977) que em seu artigo 23 disponibiliza para uso gratuito das universidades de sua área de prestação de serviço um canal de televisão. A fundamentação teórica teve em Bourdieu e nos conceitos de habitus e campo suas principais referências. A metodologia incluiu pesquisas bibliográficas e de campo com 4 (quatro) agentes (diretores) das tevês universitárias que participam do CNU-SP

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-10-06T13:48:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Karine dos Santos_.pdf: 5116915 bytes, checksum: 363b29b64c3d4e45d0c75f6d8796c91d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-06T13:48:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karine dos Santos_.pdf: 5116915 bytes, checksum: 363b29b64c3d4e45d0c75f6d8796c91d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No Brasil, a projeção nacional das organizações não governamentais (ONGs) foi um fenômeno dos anos 1990 que teve relação com o cenário de implantação de um novo projeto societal. As ONGs, em geral, são organizações que realizam práticas educativas voltadas para diferentes públicos reconhecidos pelo senso comum como em condição de vulnerabilidade social. Entre a emergência das práticas educativas e as contradições das intervenções em curso, determinados tensionamentos do social conduzem as ONGs a minimizar os efeitos dos seus resultados. O estudo proposto buscou compreender as contradições entre os objetivos e as práticas educativas desenvolvidas por três ONGs que atuam com programas de políticas de assistência social em São Leopoldo, no RS. Esta tese está fundamentada nos princípios da teoria crítica e da educação popular. A observação participante foi o marco metodológico, tendo na expressão da convivência o seu principal princípio. Neste estudo, não só foi importante acompanhar as práticas no interior das ONGs, mas também ouvir a expressão do público-alvo das suas ações por meio de entrevistas na comunidade em questão. Constata-se que tais práticas educativas respondem de maneira nucleada, ou seja, restrita ao âmbito de cada sujeito atendido, favorecendo a construção de instrumentais individualizados. Isso significa afirmar que em âmbito coletivo não representa a mudança social que almejam em seus objetivos pois não produzem alterações no lugar social da população atendida. Assim sendo, podemos compreender que tende a existir um alinhamento, consciente ou não, ao projeto político neoliberal, que reproduz as desigualdades sociais, econômicas e políticas inerentes ao modo de produção capitalista, contribuindo para a manutenção do status quo. Finalmente, consideramos que as organizações sociais estão envoltas em uma multiplicidade de intenções que fazem com que suas práticas permeiem um campo nebuloso onde são disputados projetos com potencialidades tanto alienadoras quanto emancipadoras. Este estudo pretende colaborar para a construção de percepções do modelo atual de intervenção na questão social e, a partir disso, contribuir para uma qualificação das práticas propostas em espaços como os aqui analisados. / In Brazil, the national projection of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) was a phenomenon of the 1990s and happened in tune with a broader setting of implementation of a new societal project. Usually, NGOs are organizations that promote education practices aimed at different audiences who are recognized by common sense as socially vulnerable. Amid the advent of educational practices and the contradictions of their interventions, some social tensioning lead the NGOs to minimize the effects of their results. The proposed study aimed to shed a light on the contradictions between the educational objectives and practices developed by three NGOs that work with social assistance policy programs in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul. This thesis is grounded on principles of critical theory and popular education. The methodological framework used was participant observation, having as its main principle the manifestation of daily interaction. During this study, it was not only important to monitor the NGOs practices from the inside, but also to listen to the target audience’s opinion through interviews with the community. It could be verified that these educational practices respond in a nuclear way, i.e., they are restricted to the scope of each assisted individual, favoring the construction of individualized instruments. Therefore, it can be assumed that, within a collective scope, they do not represent the social change that these individuals aim because they do not provoke changes in the social space of the assisted population. Consequently, we can assume that there is a tendency for an alignment, either conscious or unconscious, with a neoliberal project that reproduces the social, economic and political inequalities inherent to the capitalist mode of production, contributing to a maintenance of the status quo. Finally, we consider that the social organizations have multiple intentions, which place their practices in a foggy field where projects that range from alienation to emancipation are disputed. This study aims to collaborate with the construction of perceptions about the current model of social intervention and, from that point on, to contribute to the improvement of the proposed practices in spaces such as the ones analyzed here.

Uppsatsen syftar till att belysa de sociala drivkrafter som påverkar kvinnor att söka sig till managementkonsultbranschen. Ett grundläggande antagande i uppsatsen är att det är det sociala som primärt formar en individs upplevelse av mening i sin tillvaro. Mening definieras här utifrån ett weberianskt och socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv, d.v.s. att mening är den subjektiva innebörd som socialt har framförhandlats mellan aktörer i samhället. Fem kvinnors karriärval studeras genom ett empiriskt fenomenologiskt angreppssätt, vilket har används i syfte att nå fram till studiedeltagarnas meningsstrukturer och därmed komma närmre ”kärnan” i deras subjektiva upplevelser av vad som påverkat deras karriärval. För att fånga in de externa motivationsfaktorer som påverkar en individs yrkesval, har Bourdieus handlingsteori använts. De begrepp som används i störst utsträckning för att förklara deltagarnas karriärval är ”socialt rum”, ”kapital”, ”habitus” och ”distinktion”. Resultaten visar att tre teman av externa faktorer påverkar studiedeltagarna i hög utsträckning, nämligen: familj och bakgrund, vänner, kurskamrater och kollegor samt status, prestige och pengar. En majoritet av deltagarna kommer från ”priviligerade” familjer med akademisk bakgrund vilket av deltagarna anses ha socialiserat, och i viss utsträckning indoktrinerat, dem till att göra en viss typ av utbildnings- och yrkesval. Deltagarnas vänner, kurskamrater och kollegor har påverkat i den bemärkelsen att de har inspirerat och motiverat deltagarna. De har också utgjort en jämförelsepunkt och för i alla fall en deltagare har det varit viktigt att kunna växa i deras ögon. Status, prestige och pengar anses rent generellt påverka individer i branschen eftersom många anses värdesätta möjligheten att kunna göra vissa val i livet, exempelvis relaterat till bostad och kläder. Uppsatsens diskussionsavsnitt ger slutligen förslag på fortsatt forskning och framför allt lyfts teorier inspirerade av symbolisk interaktionism och/eller nätverksteori samt mer kritiskt orienterade teoribildningar fram. Dessa teorier tros med fördel kunna användas i framtida studier av de drivkrafter som påverkar individer att söka sig till managementkonsultbranschen.