This work deals with networking activities and communication of non-profit organizations and their representatives with external subjects. Networking is a strategic tool, which NGOs can use to make contacts and get new opportunities. As well as in the private sector non-profit organizations must deal with many obstacles. Most often it is a lack of resources. Due to lack of funds non-profit organizations cannot afford to employ experts. Therefore we can see that non-profit organizations struggle with a certain amount of unprofessionalism. They lack the strategy and they do not have set organizational processes. Communication with external subjects or networking activities are not an exception. This has been fully compensated with their energy and enthusiasm. Employees of non-profit organizations are not motivated financially but by doing a good thing. The study shows that employees of non-profit organizations are interested in new trends, what networking undoubtedly is.

Online communication is a common component of contemporary life. However, research into its impact on well-being has found conflicting results. Although social media may have a detrimental impact on well-being, particularly in young adults (O’Reilly et al., 2018), some studies have found social media networking to have a beneficial influence on well-being (Ellison et al., 2007; Kim, 2017), which may contribute to improved academic performance among students (Al-Rahmi & Othman, 2013). The potential for such effects to extend to musicians in their experience of music performance anxiety (MPA) was the impetus for the current qualitative study, whose purpose was to explore friend and follower engagement on social media and its connection to self-esteem and MPA, using the PERMA Model (Seligman, 2011) to guide the inquiry. Six novice college-aged piano students completed State-Trait Anxiety (STAI-S) and Coopersmith Self-Esteem (CSEI) inventories, a demographic and social media use questionnaire, and two individual semi-structured interviews. Data were collected (1) at the outset of the study; (2) (a) after posting a short video excerpt of the piano performance on social media platforms and interacting with friends and followers, and (b) 30 minutes before the official performance at a live event; and (3) after the completion of the live performance. The findings suggest potential benefits of social media networking on novice music students’ well-being, Self-Esteem, and MPA. Social media interaction with friends and followers and novice piano students was frequently noted as a positive and significant contributing element to and preparation for participants’ successful performances. The awareness of the PERMA model assisted some participants in experiencing positive emotions, improving their well-being, elevating their self-esteem, and lowering their MPA. The feelings of happiness and well-being included in PERMA were linked to improved relationships between participants and their social media friends and were reported to improve their motivation, mastery, and achievement of goals, as well as feelings of support and encouragement. Negative comments did not affect participants with high self-esteem; however, it was not possible to observe the effects of negative comments on participants with low self-esteem since the one student with low self-esteem did not receive negative feedback. Despite findings from previous studies on the challenges and negative impacts of social media networking on students’ well-being, results of the current study indicate that it has the potential to be used positively. Mindful use of social media platforms may be an effective tool to help music students showcase their interests, talents, and achievements. As such, teachers may consider building strategies into their lessons to help students use social media as a learning tool for performance preparation. More research is needed on larger and more diverse groups of musicians to better understand the role of social media networking in music performance and its impact on musicians’ experience of MPA. Strategies for improving the practice and effectiveness of sharing music performances on social media platforms are discussed as pedagogical and performance-readiness tools. This study provides a starting point for music educators, administrators, and students in developing a more comprehensive understanding of the potentials and/or drawbacks of social media networking with regard to self-esteem and MPA.

L’objectif de la recherche est d’étudier le démarrage de l’internationalisation de la petite entreprise (PE) française et le frein induit par le conservatisme. Une approche comportementale met en lumière un processus de facilitation d’internationalisation et le profil du facilitateur. La littérature sur l’internationalisation par les réseaux est aussi mobilisée. D’un point de vue théorique, nous réalisons une articulation des théories de la PME, de ses comportements organisationnels et des réseaux avec les théories de l’internationalisation y compris l’entrepreneuriat international. Une première analyse fondée sur une étude descriptive vise à montrer le conservatisme et la découverte du processus de facilitation d’internationalisation de la PE. La seconde analyse étudie l’influence négative du réseautage et de la facilitation d’internationalisation sur le degré de conservatisme de l’organisation. Nous établissons quatre variables : le conservatisme, le réseautage, le processus de facilitation d’internationalisation et le profil du facilitateur. / The aim of the research is to study the starting internationalization of Small Enterprise Versus the conservatism in the organization. This research focuses on the process of « Facilitation » of internationalization and also on Networking. We realize a link between the theories of the SME, the networking and the theories of the internationalization including the international entrepreneurship. A first analysis based on a descriptive study aims shows the conservatism and the discovery of the process of facilitation of internationalization of the Small Enterprise. The second analysis studies the negative influence of the networking and the facilitation of internationalization on the degree of conservatism of the organization.

O propósito desta pesquisa é identificar o que ocorre na fronteira da comunicação entre a cultura corporativa e a cultura das redes digitais, com o pressuposto de que a lógica de controle das empresas cria um antagonismo com a tendência de descentralização comunicativa das redes digitais, e que esse antagonismo manifesta-se de forma mais aguda em situações de crise. Em nossa abordagem, pensamos a empresa como um fenômeno sistêmico complexo - e não mais como um ator que dialoga linear e unidirecionalmente com o consumidor - e as redes digitais como um fenômeno pós-sistêmico e \"não-controlável\" pelas empresas. As tecnologias digitais alteram nossa percepção, o sentido de conexão e nossa própria condição habitativa (o modo de estar no mundo). O social deixa de ser pensado como algo dado a priori, mas em construção (em permanente movimento) e formado por atores humanos e não humanos. As redes digitais são uma nova arquitetura da complexidade, uma hipercomplexidade. Trata-se de superar a ideia de comunicação como fluxo de informação, linear e frontal, típica da sociedade industrial, e substituí-la pela ideia de comunicação ecológica, que agrega humanos, tecnologias, dispositivos, informações, territórios, elementos inorgânicos, bancos de dados, etc. Nesse novo contexto, parece não mais fazer sentido distinguir espaços físicos e espaços informativos. Essa \"ecologia digital\" reconfigura a ação, não mais formada por um sujeito-ator interagindo com o exterior, mas organizada em rede, construída com base na complexidade das ações dos atores envolvidos. Seguindo um percurso histórico-teórico, buscamos reconstruir a formação e as influências do pensamento científico, dos impactos das descobertas das ciências naturais do início do século XX sobre as ciências humanas/sociais - com o surgimento da ideia sistêmica -, e da migração da complexidade sistêmica à complexidade reticular e suas narrativas, Teoria Ator-Rede e Atopia, fundamentos da metodologia da pesquisa empírica e da técnica de pesquisa Cartografia das Controvérsias, aplicada à controvérsia gerada nas redes pela contaminação do suco de maçã AdeS da empresa Unilever / The purpose of the research is to identify what occurs at the communication boundary between corporate culture and digital network culture with the assumption that companies\' control logic creates an antagonism to the tendency of communicative decentralization of digital networks and this antagonism is manifested most acutely in crisis situations. In our approach we think of the company as a complex systemic phenomenon - and not as an actor who dialogues linearly and unidirectionally with the consumer - and digital networks as a post-systemic phenomenon and \"non-controllable\" by companies. Digital technologies change our perception, sense of connection and our way of living or of being in the world. The social is no longer thought of as something given a priori but instead as under construction (in permanent movement) and formed by human and non-human actors. Digital networks are a new architecture of complexity; a hyper complexity. It is about to overcome the idea of communication as information flow, linear and frontal, typical of industrial society, and replace it with the idea of ecological communication, which aggregates human, technologies, devices, information, territories, databases, etc. In this new context it no longer makes sense to distinguish physical spaces and information spaces. This \"digital ecology\" reconfigures the action, no longer formed by a subject-actor interacting with the outside, but is instead organized in a network, built on the complexity of the actions of the involved actors. Following a historical-theoretical approach we seek to reconstruct the formation and the influences of scientific thought, the impact of natural science discoveries of the early twentieth century on the human and social sciences - with the emergence of systemic idea - and the migration from systemic complexity to reticular complexity and their narratives. The Theory of Actor-Network and the concept of \"Atopia\" were used in the methodological framework of the empirical research and the research technique \"Controversy Mapping\" was applied to analyze the debate generated in the networks about the contamination of the apple juice \"AdeS\", produced by the Unilever company.

O propósito desta pesquisa é identificar o que ocorre na fronteira da comunicação entre a cultura corporativa e a cultura das redes digitais, com o pressuposto de que a lógica de controle das empresas cria um antagonismo com a tendência de descentralização comunicativa das redes digitais, e que esse antagonismo manifesta-se de forma mais aguda em situações de crise. Em nossa abordagem, pensamos a empresa como um fenômeno sistêmico complexo - e não mais como um ator que dialoga linear e unidirecionalmente com o consumidor - e as redes digitais como um fenômeno pós-sistêmico e \"não-controlável\" pelas empresas. As tecnologias digitais alteram nossa percepção, o sentido de conexão e nossa própria condição habitativa (o modo de estar no mundo). O social deixa de ser pensado como algo dado a priori, mas em construção (em permanente movimento) e formado por atores humanos e não humanos. As redes digitais são uma nova arquitetura da complexidade, uma hipercomplexidade. Trata-se de superar a ideia de comunicação como fluxo de informação, linear e frontal, típica da sociedade industrial, e substituí-la pela ideia de comunicação ecológica, que agrega humanos, tecnologias, dispositivos, informações, territórios, elementos inorgânicos, bancos de dados, etc. Nesse novo contexto, parece não mais fazer sentido distinguir espaços físicos e espaços informativos. Essa \"ecologia digital\" reconfigura a ação, não mais formada por um sujeito-ator interagindo com o exterior, mas organizada em rede, construída com base na complexidade das ações dos atores envolvidos. Seguindo um percurso histórico-teórico, buscamos reconstruir a formação e as influências do pensamento científico, dos impactos das descobertas das ciências naturais do início do século XX sobre as ciências humanas/sociais - com o surgimento da ideia sistêmica -, e da migração da complexidade sistêmica à complexidade reticular e suas narrativas, Teoria Ator-Rede e Atopia, fundamentos da metodologia da pesquisa empírica e da técnica de pesquisa Cartografia das Controvérsias, aplicada à controvérsia gerada nas redes pela contaminação do suco de maçã AdeS da empresa Unilever / The purpose of the research is to identify what occurs at the communication boundary between corporate culture and digital network culture with the assumption that companies\' control logic creates an antagonism to the tendency of communicative decentralization of digital networks and this antagonism is manifested most acutely in crisis situations. In our approach we think of the company as a complex systemic phenomenon - and not as an actor who dialogues linearly and unidirectionally with the consumer - and digital networks as a post-systemic phenomenon and \"non-controllable\" by companies. Digital technologies change our perception, sense of connection and our way of living or of being in the world. The social is no longer thought of as something given a priori but instead as under construction (in permanent movement) and formed by human and non-human actors. Digital networks are a new architecture of complexity; a hyper complexity. It is about to overcome the idea of communication as information flow, linear and frontal, typical of industrial society, and replace it with the idea of ecological communication, which aggregates human, technologies, devices, information, territories, databases, etc. In this new context it no longer makes sense to distinguish physical spaces and information spaces. This \"digital ecology\" reconfigures the action, no longer formed by a subject-actor interacting with the outside, but is instead organized in a network, built on the complexity of the actions of the involved actors. Following a historical-theoretical approach we seek to reconstruct the formation and the influences of scientific thought, the impact of natural science discoveries of the early twentieth century on the human and social sciences - with the emergence of systemic idea - and the migration from systemic complexity to reticular complexity and their narratives. The Theory of Actor-Network and the concept of \"Atopia\" were used in the methodological framework of the empirical research and the research technique \"Controversy Mapping\" was applied to analyze the debate generated in the networks about the contamination of the apple juice \"AdeS\", produced by the Unilever company.

La interconexión por medio de redes sociales digitales ha permitido generar conexiones e interacciones entre los jóvenes adultos. En el contexto peruano, las personas han usado Facebook, Instagram y Twitter como herramientas para generar la co-presencia de familiares y amigos. La efectividad de las redes sociales digitales en medio de la crisis de salubridad por el coronavirus, ha posibilitado que los usuarios mantengan una comunicación que simula a la co –presencia. La efectividad se destaca en las posibilidades visuales, auditivas y táctiles que los asemejan a la co –presencia. El uso de redes sociales digitales ha posibilitado que los usuarios puedan generar conductas y emociones positivas en la interacción de estas plataformas. Contradictoriamente, la ausencia de lazos presenciales y el cara a cara, ha desarrollado en los jóvenes adultos emociones negativas que provocan una carga emocional, generan miedos, estrés y angustia. Por lo tanto, este estudio analiza las emociones positivas y negativas de los usuarios en relación a la red social digital Facebook y evalúa cómo estas conexiones se han desarrollado en medio de la pandemia por el coronavirus. La metodología que se desarrollará, será entrevista estructurada a jóvenes adultos que estén trabajando y estudiando, y que hayan generado interconexiones en medio de la pandemia. / The interconnection through digital social networks has allowed to generate connections and interactions between young adults. The effectiveness of digital social networks in the media of the coronavirus health crisis has enabled users to maintain communication that simulates co-presence. The effectiveness is highlighted in the visual, auditory and tactile possibilities that make them similar to co-presence. The use of digital social networks has enabled users to generate positive behaviours and emotions in the interaction of these platforms. Contradictory, the absence of face-to-face and face-to-face ties has developed negative emotions in young adults, which cause an emotional charge, generating fear, stress and anguish. Therefore, this study analyses the positive and negative emotions of users in relation to the digital social network Facebook and assesses how these connections have developed in the midst of the coronavirus pandemic. / Trabajo de investigación

SYNOPSIS The diploma thesis deals with social capital of Civil Society Organizations, which is introduced here as a strategy for achieving the objectives and mission of Civil Society Organizations through networking and building relations with key players in their surroundings. Through the example of Civil Society Organizations providing services in Tábor the diploma thesis provides insight into the problematic of creation and maintenance of interorganizational relations with stakeholders across all sectors and therefore building external social capital of organizations. The theories of social capital and interorganizational relations with regard to the specifications of Civil Society Organizations are presented in the theoretical part of this thesis. The research part presents findings based on qualitative research, which was conducted through semi-structured interviews with representatives of Civil Society Organizations. The findings and results are and summarized in the conclusion.

Background: Policy initiatives to promote sustainable travel through the use of Internet based public information systems have increased during the last decade. Stockholm, in being one of the first cities in Europe to implement an Internet based service for facilitating sustainable travel is believed to be a good candidate for an analysis of key issues for developing sustainable travel planning services to the public. Aim: This thesis investigates the past development of two Stockholm based public information systems and their services in order to draw lessons on how to better provide for a public information service geared towards facilitating  environmentally sustainable travel planning through information and communications technology. The overall goal of the thesis is to contribute to an understanding on how to better design and manage current and future attempts at facilitating sustainable travel planning services based on historical case studies. Approach: The thesis draws ideas from the concept of organizational responsiveness – an organization’s ability to listen, understand and respond to demands put to it by its internal and external stakeholders – in order to depict how well or not the two public information systems and their owners have adapted to established norms and values of their surroundings. Results: Overall, the findings from the historical case studies suggest that organizations attempting to provide sustainable travel planning to the public need to design and manage their systems in such a way that it responds to shifting demands on how to provide for information. Implementing and embedding new technologies involves complex processes of change both at the micro level – for users and practitioners of the service – and at the meso level for the involved public service organizations themselves. This condition requires a contextualist framework to analyze and understand organizational, contextual and cultural issues involved in the adoption of new technologies and procedures. Conclusions: The thesis concludes with a discussion on how the findings from the historical case studies may provide lessons for both current and future attempts at providing public information systems geared towards facilitating environmentally sustainable travel planning to the public. Historical examples and issues concerning collective intelligence and peer to peer based forms of designing, producing and supervising public information services identified throughout the study are looked upon and discussed in terms of their possible role in increasing the potential for public information services to facilitate sustainable urban transport. / <p>QC 20140319</p> / TRACS, Travel Planner for Sustainable Cities