La Responsabilité Sociale des Entreprises (RSE) constitue un mouvement majeur d'évolution des organisations actuelles du secteur économique. Au cœur d'une société moderne en perpétuelle mutation, la notion de responsabilité acquiert une place centrale dans la conception et la réalisation de l'action. Les démarches RSE menées par les entreprises font donc l'objet de nombreuses études dans leurs dimensions économiques et gestionnaires, mais restent encore peu questionnées quant à leur dimension socio-culturelle singulière.Ce travail doctoral étudie les répercussions de l'introduction de discours et de pratiques relevant de la RSE sur les salariés des entreprises du secteur de la grande distribution. L'émergence d'un véritable paradigme social de la responsabilité, qui mobilise un ensemble de valeurs et de croyances transversales à une société, somme ces individus de surmonter l'épreuve paradigmatique de la responsabilité par laquelle ils se devront d'intégrer les attentes de responsabilités au cœur des représentations et des actions de leur travail quotidien. Dans ce cadre, l'organisation endosse un rôle accompagnateur singulier de l'individu éprouvé en lui fournissant de nombreux supports, mais aussi en lui opposant des contraintes importantes, issus, pour l'ensemble, de l'histoire et des structures organisationnelles.L'étude qualitative, réalisée autour de l'analyse approfondie de quarante-deux entretiens semi-directifs et d'une étude documentaire fouillée, montre comment l'individu devient le dépositaire de la lourde charge d'énacter dans son travail les enjeux sociaux et macro-sociaux des évolutions de l'univers paradigmatique de la société auquel il participe. / Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a major evolution for the current organizations in the economic sector. At the heart of a modern ever-changing society, the notion of responsibility takes a central place in the design and implementation of the action. The economic and managerial dimensions of CSR initiatives undertaken by companies are thus the subject of numerous studies, but these initiatives remain poorly surveyed concerning their unique socio-cultural dimension.This doctoral work examines the implications of the introduction of discourse and practices of CSR on employees of companies in the retail sector. The emergence of a social paradigm of responsibility, which involves a set of values and beliefs across a society, requires these individuals to overcome the paradigmatic challenge of responsibility; they can then incorporate this sense of responsibility into the heart of the ideals and actions of their daily work. In this context, the organization provides a singular accompanying role for the individual's experience by providing a variety of supports, but also by upholding major boundaries derived from fundamental organizational ethos and established structures.The qualitative study conducted around the thorough analysis of forty-two semi-structured interviews and an extensive documentation study, shows how the individual becomes the custodian of the heavy burden of enacting in his work, the social and macro-social issues of developments of the paradigmatic world of the society in which he participates.

The fast fashion industry has a large negative impact on the environment and its workers. Consumers purchasing fast fashion are reinforcing the dominant social paradigm, the assumption that humans are superior and the Earth’s resources unlimited. Even though customers are reconsidering their fashion consumer behavior, they often fall back to making unsustainable choices. Research has shown that communication strengthens ethical consumption and supports reducing the attitude-behavior gap. This study proposes that sustainable communication encourages fashion customers to reason with themselves in a way their behavior evolves to be more sustainable. The aim is to investigate customers’ reception and interaction with sustainable communication using the example of the ethical fashion brand Nudie Jeans. Based on the theories of the attitude-behavior gap and sustainable communication, semi-structured in-depth interviews with Nudie Jeans customers were conducted. The analysis of the interview responses demonstrates the initial presence of an attitude-behavior gap and low awareness of sustainable communication among customers. The research indicates that after customers have developed an awareness of sustainable concerns in the fashion industry, a fashion brand can succeed in encouraging customers to adjust predominant consumption patterns towards more ethical ones. On this basis, it is recommended that ethical fashion brands continuously use transparent sustainable communication to educate consumers about the environmental and social maladministration in the fashion industry.

L'environnementalisme américain est un mouvement dont la première vague surgit à la fin du 19e siècle face à l'exploitation excessive des ressources naturelles. Théodore Roosevelt a mis en place des mesures pour assurer la gestion avisée de la nature au bénéfice des générations présentes et futures. A côté de la conservation du gouvernement, un autre courant appelé préservation mit l'accent sur les valeurs esthétiques et spirituelles de la nature. Les deux conceptions de la relation de l'homme à la nature suscitèrent des conflits à propos de la façon dont on devait utiliser et protéger le patrimoine naturel. Le fort développement économique après 1945 puisa dans les ressources et généra de la pollution ainsi que des dangers posés par les industries atomiques et chimiques. "Printemps Silencieux" de Rachel Carson, paru en 1962, démontra que ces risques pesaient sur l'humanité elle-même et lança le mouvement environnemental moderne. Désormais, l'aspect éthique de la protection environnementale rivalise avec l'intérêt économique. Le succès du mouvement, canonisé par une série de lois environnementales, en fit la cible du contre-mouvement conservateur qui se développe depuis les années 1980. Les valeurs écologiques représentent une menace au credo américain, ainsi créant des tensions qui caractérisent le débat depuis le début du mouvement aux États-Unis. / American environmentalism is a movement that grew out of concerns over wilderness and wildlife depletion evident in the late 19th century. Theodore Roosevelt initiated conservation measures designed to manage natural resources wisely to ensure their sustainability for the benefit of present and future generations. Preservation, another current of American ideas that stressed the esthetic and spiritual values of nature, existed concurrently. The two visions of humans' relationship to nature gave rise to conflicts over how the nation's natural resources should be used. By the 1960s rapid development had led to heightened resource use and pollution, as well as new threats posed by the chemical and atomic industries. Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring" published in 1962, demonstrated that humans themselves were in peril and launched the modern environmental movement. The ethical dimension of preserving nature and human health came to rival economic concerns. The success of the movement, canonized in a series of major environmental protection laws, made it the target of the conservative countermovement from the 1980s onward. Ecological values threaten the dominant values of the American creed, causing tensions that have characterized the debate since the advent of environmental protection in the United States.

Zebrafish, a novel vertebrate model organism, has a high nucleotide sequence homology with human genes. Its transparent and fast developing embryo allows the analysis of physiological and anatomical characteristics, many of which are similar to those of mammals. Although the prolific nature of zebrafish can facilitate genetic studies, linking genes and behaviour is difficult because behaviour is not well investigated in zebrafish. The aim of this project is to develop robust behavioural tests that can quantify shoaling with conspecifics and fear responses to natural predators. Eight conditions using different computer-animated stimuli were used to induce behavioural responses. The results demonstrate that shoaling behaviours and fear responses can be successfully induced. More importantly, the behaviours caused by the computer-animated images confirm previous research findings using natural conspecifics and predators. Thus, computer-animated images will help standardize behavioural tests in zebrafish and will lead the way to more sophisticated and better controlled experiments.

Zebrafish, a novel vertebrate model organism, has a high nucleotide sequence homology with human genes. Its transparent and fast developing embryo allows the analysis of physiological and anatomical characteristics, many of which are similar to those of mammals. Although the prolific nature of zebrafish can facilitate genetic studies, linking genes and behaviour is difficult because behaviour is not well investigated in zebrafish. The aim of this project is to develop robust behavioural tests that can quantify shoaling with conspecifics and fear responses to natural predators. Eight conditions using different computer-animated stimuli were used to induce behavioural responses. The results demonstrate that shoaling behaviours and fear responses can be successfully induced. More importantly, the behaviours caused by the computer-animated images confirm previous research findings using natural conspecifics and predators. Thus, computer-animated images will help standardize behavioural tests in zebrafish and will lead the way to more sophisticated and better controlled experiments.